树木年轮记录的新疆新源350a来温度变化

利用位于天山西部伊犁河谷巩乃斯河源区的雪岭云杉树轮宽度资料,分析了树木径向生长与相邻气象站点气象资料的关系,发现树轮指数与新源气象站7-8月的降水正相关,与7-8月最高气温显著负相关,且存在明显的滞后效应,表明这一区域树木生长主要受水份条件限制。生长季期间的高温导致蒸发量增加,不利于树木当年和次年的生长。利用树轮宽度年...     

Temperature-dependent development rates of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Bracon vulgaris,</Emphasis> a parasitoid of boll weevil

The duration of development of Bracon vulgaris Ashmead, parasitoid of the boll weevil Anthonomus grandis Boheman, was determined at nine constant temperatures between 18°C and 38°C. Nonlinear regression analysis was used to test the fit of temperature-dependent development rates to the Sharpe and DeMichele and Lactin et al. models. At the highest tested temperature (38°C) all the parasitoid eggs died before hatching and no evidence of development was observed. The high values of R ² for the models of Sharpe and DeMichele (0.8432 to 0.9834), and Lactin et al. (0.9071 to 0.9795) indicated that these models are suitable to estimate the development rate of B. vulgaris as a function of temperature. B. vulgaris showed tolerance to high temperature which is represented by the high value of H _H (change in enthalpy associated with high-temperature inactivation of the enzyme) for the prepupa stage of this insect obtained with the Sharpe and DeMichele model. According to that model, B. vulgaris exhibits thermal stress at 35.7°C, which indicates that maximum thermal stress estimated by this model was close to the real one.     

9种生物制剂对甘薯长喙壳菌的抑制作用及防治效果

为筛选防治甘薯黑斑病的生物农药,测定了9种生物制剂对甘薯长喙壳菌孢子萌发和菌丝生长的抑制作用,并进行了防治效果验证。结果表明,四霉素对分生孢子萌发以及菌丝生长均表现出最强的抑制作用,EC50分别为0.10和0.15 mg/L;丁子香酚次之,EC50分别为0.24和0.93 mg/L。四霉素对薯苗黑斑病具有较好的防治效果,当接种甘薯长喙壳菌分生孢子浓度为5×104孢子/m L时,四霉素有效用量6与9 mg/L处理的防治效果分别为66.67%和78.57%;当接种浓度为5×105孢子/m L时,四霉素有效用量6与9 mg/L处理的防治效果分别为77.44%和90.23%。本研究为生物农药应用于甘薯黑斑病的防治提供了依据。     

竹织叶野螟Algedonia coclesalis Walker越冬幼虫的真菌病

粉质拟青霉Paecilomyces farinosus (Dicks.ex.Fr.)Brown et Smith是竹织叶野螟越冬幼虫的重要病原菌,林间自然发病率为23.08％～42.84％。用5.5×10~6/ml孢子悬液感染越冬幼虫,死亡率达91.7％。在24～26℃下,病程约10～14d。林间罹病虫尸上,可见粉质拟青霉被寄生黑孢壳Melanospora parasitica Tulasne寄生。本文还从病原菌的生理性质及侵染环境的角度,讨论了疾病的流行条件和病原菌利用的前景。     

不同基肥处理对黧蒴栲幼苗生理特性的影响

为了研究不同基肥处理对黧蒴栲幼苗生理特性的影响,以当年生黧蒴栲实生苗为试验材料,研究不同磷肥水平及复合肥、尿素及空白对照下,植株超氧阴离子含量、超氧化物歧化酶活性、过氧化物酶活性、叶绿素含量、净光合速率等五项生理指标在施肥后的季节变化,为施用基肥选择提供理论依据。结果表明,中低浓度的磷肥对黧蒴栲幼苗生理活动有促进作用;因此,黧蒴栲幼苗适合的基肥种类及浓度为每hm2施用过磷酸钙（含有效P2O5 16%）25~50t,其抗氧化保护酶活性、叶片叶绿素含量和净光合速率有所提高,O2-含量有所降低。     

Effects on flowering and seed yield of dominant alleles at maturity loci E2 and E3 in a Japanese cultivar,Enrei

‘Enrei’ is the second leading variety of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) in Japan. Its cultivation area is mainly restricted to the Hokuriku region. In order to expand the adaptability of ‘Enrei’, we developed two near-isogenic lines (NILs) of ‘Enrei’ for the dominant alleles controlling late flowering at the maturity loci, E2 and E3, by backcrossing with marker-assisted selection. The resultant NILs and the original variety were evaluated for flowering, maturity, seed productivity and other agronomic traits in five different locations. Expectedly, NILs with E2 or E3 alleles flowered later than the original variety in most locations. These NILs produced comparatively larger plants in all locations. Seed yields were improved by E2 and E3 in the southern location or in late-sowing conditions, whereas the NIL for E2 exhibited almost the same or lower productivity in the northern locations due to higher degrees of lodging. Seed quality-related traits, such as 100-seed weight and protein content, were not significantly different between the original variety and its NILs. These results suggest that the modification of genotypes at maturity loci provides new varieties that are adaptive to environments of different latitudes while retaining almost the same seed quality as that of the original.     

常用杀虫剂对双斑恩蚜小蜂的安全性评价

试验测定了8种常用杀虫剂对双斑恩蚜小蜂成虫、蛹及寄生率的影响。结果表明,不同杀虫剂对双斑恩蚜小蜂不同发育阶段的影响不同,其中,除灭蝇胺外（死亡率为3.2%）,双斑恩蚜小蜂成虫对各类杀虫剂均比较敏感,死亡率较高;蛹期相对安全,除哒螨灵造成蛹91.7%死亡外,其它药剂处理后,蛹的羽化率均在25%以上。另外,药剂处理后,对天敌后期寄生率及种群增殖都有不同程度的影响。     

泰山参人工驯化栽培与综合利用研究进展

本文通过回顾泰山参栽培与综合利用的研究现状,重点论述了泰山参种质资源、泰山参人工驯化与栽培、泰山参的营养价值利用以及泰山参的药用价值研究等几个方面的研究进展情况,分析了目前泰山参发展中面临的问题,提出泰山参可以依托泰山优势的旅游资源,并结合国家政策性红利来发展泰山参产业,认为通过开发研制营养价值和药用价值较高的产品以及泰山参种植、加工体验式产品等多方面来发展泰山参产业,得出泰山参未来发展可行的方式和途径,希望能对泰山参的未来发展提供一些参考依据。     

舟蛾赤眼蜂自然越冬规律的研究

舟蛾赤眼蜂在淮北地区自然界能安全越冬。该蜂每年１０月上旬至１１月上旬寄生柳毒蛾卵,卵粒寄生率为３８．１７％,以预蛹越冬,翌年３月下旬至４月上旬羽化,羽化率达９７．２３％。越冬代历期１７８￣１８２天。其越冬前的寄主是杨扇舟蛾卵、栎枯叶蛾卵和盗毒蛾卵,越冬后的最初寄主是栎枯叶蛾卵、柳天蛾（即蓝目天蛾）卵、杨二尾舟蛾卵、小杨天社蛾卵和双尾天社蛾卵。在其越冬前后转主期,野外适时人工补充寄主卵,可相应增加其     

鳞毛蕨(Dryopteris filix-mas)天山云杉林倒木更新分析

对西天山国家级自然保护区1 hm2典型鳞毛蕨天山云杉林临时标准地内,倒木对更新的影响进行了研究.结果表明:①研究区中所有倒木的平均倾倒方向为西北方向,具有更新个体存在的倒木平均倾倒方向为东北方向;②倒木的倾倒方向对倒木的更新没有显著影响(F3,51=0.645,P=0.589),而倒木的腐朽等级对倒木的更新存在显著影响(F2,51=3.215,P=0.048);③不同腐朽等级倒木上幼苗、幼树的出现概率不同,能为幼苗、幼树生长提供生境的倒木只有腐朽等级高的Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅴ级倒木,且倒木腐朽等级越高,对幼苗、幼树的生长越有利.