新型粉煤灰陶粒对水中Cu(Ⅱ)的去除特性及吸附等温模拟

以粉煤灰、膨润土等制备新型粉煤灰陶粒,考察粉煤灰陶粒对溶液中Cu(Ⅱ)的去除特性并进行吸附等温线拟合.结果表明,粉煤灰陶粒对Cu(Ⅱ)的去除主要为吸附过程,对Cu(Ⅱ)的吸附效果与陶粒用量、温度及振荡速度有关,较大的粉煤灰陶粒用量、适宜的温度及振荡有较好的Cu(Ⅱ)去除效果.当温度为25℃、pH4.5及振荡速度150 r/min时,2.00 g粉煤灰陶粒对50 mL溶液中浓度为100 mg/L的Cu(Ⅱ)去除率为100％,而同等条件下两种普通市售陶粒的Cu(Ⅱ)去除率分别只有14.6％、6.3％.陶粒吸附柱可连续4次对250 mL浓度为100 mg/L的Cu(Ⅱ)去除率达90％以上.25℃时粉煤灰陶粒对Cu(Ⅱ)的最大吸附量为2.78 mg/g,其吸附过程符合Langmuir等温式,以Freundlich吸附等温式拟合则相关性较差.     

草木灰与化肥配施对玉米农艺性状及产量的影响

[目的]研究草木灰与化肥配施对玉米生长及产量的影响,探讨施用草木灰后玉米生长变化规律,筛选出适宜配比,为农田合理配施草木灰、提高作物产量提供参考。[方法]以玉米为试材,采用田间试验方法,对比草木灰与氮、磷、钾化肥配施,玉米株高、穗长、穗粗、百粒重及产量表现。[结果]草木灰与氮磷肥配施,玉米株高、穗长、穗粗、百粒重及产量均高于氮钾和磷钾配施处理,分别比对照高15.41 cm、1.83 cm、0.48 cm、6.16 g,产量达10 938.85 kg/hm~2,比对照(CK)增产37.91%,比施用氮磷钾化肥增产1.86%。与氮磷钾3种营养元素配施,玉米产量为11 036.35 kg/hm~2,比对照(CK)增产39.14%,比施用氮磷钾不施草木灰处理增产2.77%,两者差异不显著。[结论]草木灰与化肥配合施用,玉米农艺性状表现良好,且能提高产量。玉米田草木灰与氮磷钾化肥配合施用,优选氮肥、磷肥,在农业生产中,可用草木灰替代钾肥与氮磷肥配施,减少无机钾肥的施用量,增加玉米产量。     

加热炉管外积灰及减少积灰的措施

分析了输油管道直接式加热炉炉管积灰的形成、灰垢的种类和成分。认为灰垢就是燃料油燃烧后残留下来的不可燃部分Ｎａ、Ｋ、Ｖ、Ｍｇ等金属固体盐类和其它杂质，以及碳元素在燃烧不完全的情况下残留下的可燃组分的微粒。指出燃料灰分含量的高低、燃烧器雾化质量好坏、燃烧空气温度的高低及操作人员的技术水平的高低都是影响灰垢生成量的主要因素。分析了辐射室炉管外壁和对流炉管外壁的积灰规律。指出管外积灰增加了热阻，影响传热效     

Safety of Improved Milbond-TX When Fed in Broiler Diets Limiting in Available Phosphorus or Containing Variable Levels of Metabolizable Energy

Improved Milbond-TX (IMTX), a hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate, was added to broiler diets at 0, 1, or 2% in 2 experiments. In experiment 1, three concentrations of available P, 0.22, 0.32, and 0.42%, were combined with the IMTX in isocaloric and isonitrogenous corn-soybean meal-based diets and fed to male broilers for 21 d. In experiment 2, the IMTX was added to isonitrogenous broiler diets calculated to contain 2,940, 3,020, or 3,100 kcal of ME/kg and also fed for 21 d. Deficient dietary P reduced feed intake and BW at 7, 14, and 21 d of age, but IMTX had no effect even when fed at 8 times the amount recommended by the manufacturer (0.25%) to ameliorate the toxic effects of feed mycotoxins. Similarly, increasing the energy level of the diet resulted in improved BW and feed conversion, but IMTX fed at 8 times the amount recommended by the manufacturer had no detrimental effect on chick performance. There was no interaction found between IMTX and energy or available P for any performance measure. Addition of IMTX to the diet above the recommended concentration of the manufacturer also had no detrimental effect on percentage of toe ash or excreta moisture.     

贵州典型地区放牧肉山羊营养状况调查

贵州典型地区比较适宜于山羊的养殖。通过对放牧肉山羊营养状况的初步调查发现,肉山羊的蛋白质营养水平偏低;在矿物质方面,存在钠的不足,铁、铜处于临界状态,钙、镁、硒、锰、锌则不缺乏。对于快速生长的幼山羊和泌乳母羊也应注意钙的补充。     

落叶松与水曲柳混交林的营造

通过对落叶松与水曲柳生物生态学特性 ,以及选择混交树种的条件和依据的论述 ,说明了营造落叶松与水曲柳混交林的可行性     

肚倍蚜,美灰藓最佳生态条件与肚倍基地建设

肚倍蚜，美灰藓最佳生态条件研究表明，由光照强度、湿度以及风速等因素决定的环境是制约肚倍丰产、稳产的关键；据此对肚倍基地建设提出若干建议。     

Analysis on Chemical Composition of Guadua amplexifolia Planted in China

The objective of this study is to determine the properties of G. amplexifolia. In this paper; the chemical composition, including holocellulose, acid-insoluble lignin, 1% NaOH solubility, benzene-ethanol extractives and ash content, was considered for the variability with respect to positions along bamboo culm height （bottom, middle and top）, parts along radial direction （inner part and outer part）and ages （1-year and 2- year）. The test results were also compared to those of moso that is commonly planted and used in China. This study indicated that both the holocellulosecontent and the lignin content in inner part were lower than ; in outer part, but for extractives and ash content, the reverse was true. Bamboo age also had effect on chemical composition; both the holocellulose content and the ash content in the culm of 1- year were higher than those of 2-year; while the lignin content and the extractive content m the culm of 1- year were higher than those of 2-year. High holocellulose content, low lignin contentand extractive content were advantages of G. amplexifolia.     

燕山中段植物枯落物中的灰分及营养元素

以燕山山脉主峰雾灵山为中心，在海拔450～2118m处，对不同植物群落枯落物中的灰分和营养元素进行研究。结果表明：不同植物群落枯落物中营养元素含量存在3个量级水平，全钙和全氮量级水平最高，全磷、全钾、全镁、全铁含量次之，全钠含量最低；各种元素在不同植物群落枯落物中含量不同，核桃楸林全氮含量最高，山杨-白桦林全磷含量最高，蒙椴-山杨-蒙古栎林全钾、全钙含量最高，白杄林全镁、全铁含量最高，硕桦-青杄林全钠含量最高；草本群落中亚高山灌丛草甸的全磷、全钾和全镁含量均为最高；7种元素含量水平可排序为全钙〉全氮〉全铁〉全钾〉全镁〉全磷〉全钠；灰分含量为8×10^4～38×10^4 mg·kg^-1，由白杄、华北落叶松、白桦、硕桦、青杆组成的森林群落以及亚高山灌丛草甸和亚高山草甸群落灰分含量较高，而油松一蒙古栎林含量最低。     

二灰碎石基层沥青路面横向裂缝问题的初步探讨

本文针对二灰碎石基层沥青路面横向裂缝的原因,并提出了二灰碎石基层沥青路面横向裂缝的特点。