农业标准化生产及其管理系统开发平台研究

分析中国农业标准化生产现状，发现其中存在的问题，提出与农业信息技术结合是解决问题的途径之一。而专家系统开发工具（平台）是农业信息技术的关键技术之一，它作为一种开发专家系统的通用工具，使农业领域专家无需掌握过多的编程知识就能建造性能良好的专家系统，从而能有效克服目前农业标准化生产中存在的问题。基于此介绍了将农业标准化生产和专家系统开发平台结合起来建立农业标准化生产管理系统开发平台的建立基础、设计思路、技术路线以及平台功能，并阐述了农业标准化生产管理系统开发平台的应用前景。     

论企业会计政策的选择

企业会计政策在形式上表现为企业会计过程的一种技术规范,但其本质上却是经济和政治利益的博弈和制度安排。企业在进行会计政策选择时,常常是基于与各利益相关方合约的考虑,特别是与股东、债权人及政府合约的考虑。因此,本文提出为防止企业在进行会计政策选择时,由于偏向某一特定利益主体而出现偏差,应完善公司治理结构,提高会计政策的公允性。     

Reinventing rural development in Vietnam: Discursive constructions of grassroots democracy during the renovation reform

Over the past decades Vietnam has seen striking efforts to reinvent the exercise of democratic rural development. Promotion of grassroots democracy, notably under the Grassroots Democracy Decree (GDD), has been an acute response by Communist Party and government to large scale unrest among the rural populace owing to dissatisfactions with a felt mismatch between espoused commitments to ‘good governance’ and its actual practice. Through evidence from field work, this paper assesses the implications of the GDD in the central and northern highlands, analyzing how the promotion of grassroots democracy is discursively constructed by rural development professionals. The results outline three dominant discourses, which center on their respective interests in liberalist democratization, improved efficiency in state renovation, and enhanced accountability in governing local policy ambiguities. It argues that ‘grassroots democracy’ is serving as a conceptual mediator, supporting learning between diverging interests associated with rural development and different ideological positions shrouding the notion of democracy itself. Yet, given the extent that discourses are reflective of how professionals relate to grassroots aspirations, grassroots movements, which originally ushered the Party and central government to pass the GDD, have a significant struggle ahead of them to affect concrete changes in professionals' practices.     

我国渔业政策与渔业管理问题探讨

70年代以来 ,我国黄渤海和东海海域的主要鱼业资源 (ｆｉｓｈｅｒｙｒｅｓｏｕｒｃｅｓ)长期处于衰退状况 ,我国政府意识到海洋资源衰退的时间并不算太晚 ,为此制定和实施了一系列的保持渔业资源的文件和管理法规。建国以来 ,与渔业管理相关的法律、法规性规范性文件达 50 0多件[1] 。表 1　渔船总吨位前 5位的国家 (1 995年 )Ｔａｂ .1　Ｄｅｃｋｅｄｆｉｓｈｉｎｇｖｅｓｓｅｌｓ:ｔｏｐｆｉｖｅｃｏｕｎｔｒｉｅｓｂｙｇｒｏｓｓｔｏｎｎａｇｅ(1 995 )国　　家渔船 (百万吨 )中国 5 .5 5俄罗斯 2 .99日本 1.5 1美国 1.40印度 1.0 8　　…     

对实行林政工作量化管理的思考

通过对林政管理工作中的；定性与定量这两种管理模式，有利于林政管理目标的实现、管理责任的落９实和调动干群保护森林资源的积极性。     

退耕还林政策实施对退耕者经济纯效益的影响评价——以甘肃4个退耕还林试点县为例

在总结前人对退耕还林政策实施效果评价的基础上,从退耕者所得到的经济效益角度,评价退耕还林政策的方法,并以甘肃4个退耕还林试点县为例进行实证研究.具体步骤为:首先,构建评价所需的指标体系,然后通过实地调查得到所需指标数据,再运用费用效益法估算政策实施前后退耕者所得纯经济效益.最后,运用比较分析法对比政策实施前后退耕者所得纯经济效益的大小,从而实现退耕还林政策对退耕者经济纯效益的影响评价.     

农业经济政策与粮食主产区农民增收耦合机制发展研究

通过改进的索洛模型,对建国以来我国农业经济政策与粮食主产区农民增收发展的历史与现状进行了实证。结果显示:农业经济政策制定与实施力度的直接贡献度与粮食主产区农民增收成正相关关系,在此基础上提出相应耦合机制的政策建议。     

多目标桐粮间作经营决策系统的研究

该系统在微机的支持下以不同的立地条件及不同经营措施的生长指标划分了四种泡桐生长模型,以此作为“事件”,再分别以间种不同密度级的泡桐作为“对策”,结合年龄的制约条件,对要求泡桐蓄积年平均生长量最大、林业经济收入最多、农业经济收入最多或总经济收入最多为四个经营目标。用人机对话形式输入以上要求,系统便自动运算,求出所要求的经济效果数值,也可显示决策后的具体指标,如胸径、树高、单株材积、立木蓄积、枝叶生物量及各种经济收入数值,以检验决策正确性。     

玛沁县畜牧业现状及可持续发展对策

通过对玛沁县畜牧业发展现状的分析，总结多年来的经验，提出了畜牧业可持续发展的策略。     

Is colourful self-sustaining forb vegetation mere fantasy?

Biodiversity in urban and suburban environments can be supported through establishment of low maintenance-requiring herbaceous vegetation types. Here, we attempt to provide a perspective on the possibilities and limitations of establishing forb-dominated vegetation to support local biodiversity and contribute to changing public aesthetics concerning green spaces. Plant ecological theories, methods and experiences are the foundation for the design and establishment of such vegetation types. We emphasise the importance of high plant density and recurrent disturbance for the maintenance of forb communities. Well-established ecological theory tells us that totally self-sustaining herbaceous vegetation is not a realistic possibility. Without intervention, herbaceous vegetation will change over time and eventually be colonized by woody species through the process of succession. However, by applying a creative and strategic approach to establishment and subsequent management involving small scale disturbances, rather than solely a uniform maintenance regime, it may be possible to maintain a colourful, aesthetically appealing and species-rich forb dominated community that will support biodiversity and increase public acceptance of alternatives to conventional lawns in urban and suburban environments.