浅谈推算和预测宏观尺度土壤N_2O释放量的方法

土壤是N2 O的最主要释放源 .本文综述了根据局部地区土壤N2 O释放观察结果 ,推算和预测宏观尺度土壤甚至全球土壤N2 O释放通量变化和年释放量的方法 ,评述了各类方法的优缺点 ;并着重讨论了释放过程机理模型的应用 .     

构建省级农业科研绩效评价体系的探讨

农业科研机构是国家科技创新体系的重要组成部分,开展科研绩效评价能够衡量创新能力和发展水平。为促进科技资源高效调配利用,提升农业科研绩效管理效率,探讨了省级农业科研绩效评价体系构建的原则及指标,提出了进一步完善科研绩效评价的建议。     

Forest fire in India: a review of the knowledge base

Forest fire has profound impacts on atmospheric chemistry, biogeochemical cycling and ecosystem structure. This feedback interaction may be hastened in climate change scenarios. In view of this, the present day knowledge about the forest fire condition in India has been reviewed. Operational monitoring, geospatial modelling and climate change uncertainties are discussed. Indicators for forest fire assessment and the role of geoinformatics tools in developing those parameters are identified. The need for developing an adaptive management strategy from the existing experience is emphasized, and specific points are recommended sector-wise with short- and long-term visions.     

基于GIS、RS的滴灌棉田土壤养分精确管理分区研究

在GIS和RS支持下,针对新疆生产建设兵团第五师81团滴灌棉田,选用遥感结合土壤、土壤、遥感数据为数据源,利用模糊c均值聚类法进行土壤养分精确管理分区研究。研究结果表明:无论以何种数据源划分分区,分区后各分区养分指标变异系数均有所下降,空间分布朝均一方向发展;不同管理分区间差异明显,同一管理分区内土壤养分含量的空间变异差异较小。以遥感结合土壤为数据源所划分管理分区与实际产量所划分分区符合度最高达到91.36%,以土壤为数据源的管理分区次之,符合度达到84.40%,仅以遥感数据(归一化植被指数)为数据源所划分管理分区符合度最低为75.47%。因此,运用聚类分析法以遥感结合土壤数据为数据源可获得较好的分区结果,可实施变量投入和精确施肥推荐,为棉田土壤养分管理提供科学的理论依据。     

RF-IC卡门禁系统设计

门禁系统能够给各种需要一定程度管理的场所带来极大的方便.它不仅能制止非法人员的侵入,也可对合法人员的行为时间进行记录,在很大程度上提高了其在安全管理方面的层次,具有较高的现实意义和市场需求.文章主要介绍了RF_IC卡门禁系统,并对系统的总体设计方案作了简要论述.     

高港泵站水利枢纽自动化系统

详细介绍了江苏省泰州引江河高港泵站水利枢纽自动化系统的功能，介绍了系统采用的分布式体系结构、设备分布及其功能分配。     

Modeling subsurface drainage for salt load management in southeastern Australia

Subsurface drainage has been implemented in irrigation areas of South-eastern Australia to control water logging and land salinisation. Subsurface drainage has been identified as a major salt exporter from irrigated areas. The water table management simulation model DRAINMOD-S was evaluated to simulate daily water table depth, drain outflow, and salt loads by using experimental field data from a two year field trial was carried out in the Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area South-eastern Australia to study different options for subsurface drainage system design and management to reduce salt load export. Three subsurface drainage systems were modeled, deep widely spaced pipe drains, shallow closely spaced drains and deep pipe drains that were managed with weirs to prevent flow when the water table fell below 1.2 m. The reliability of the model has been evaluated by comparing observed and simulated values. Good agreement was found between the observed and simulated values. The model confirmed the field observations that shallow drains had the lowest salt load and that by managing deep drains with weirs salt loads could be significantly reduced. This work shows the value of the DRAINMOD-S model in being able to describe various drainage design and management strategies under the semi-arid conditions of South-eastern Australia. The model can now be used to investigate design and management options in detail for different site conditions. This will assist decision makers in providing appropriate subsurface drainage management policies to meet drainage disposal constraints within integrated water resources management planning.     

A model of decision-making and information flows for information-intensive agriculture

This paper describes the development of a systems based model to characterise farmers’ decision-making process in information-intensive practices, and its evaluation in the context of Precision Agriculture (PA). A participative methodology was developed in which farm managers decomposed their process of decision-making into brief decision statements along with associated information requirements. The methodology was first developed on a university research farm in Denmark and further revised during testing on a number of research and commercial farms in Indiana, USA. Twenty-one decision-analysis factors were identified to characterise a farm manager’s decision-making process. Then, a general data flow diagram (DFD) was constructed that describes the information flows “from data to decision”. Illustrative examples of the model in the form of DFDs are presented for a strategic, a tactical and an operational decision. The model was validated for a range of decisions related to operations by three university farm managers and by five commercial farmers practicing PA for cereal, corn and soybean production in Denmark and in Indiana, USA.     

全球变化背景下土地退化防治的挑战与创新发展

人类对今日之地球气候、环境和生命系统的影响已接近或超过自然变化的强度和速率, 亟需探索全球变化背景下土地退化综合防治的创新理论和途径, 构建地球系统良性互动循环体系, 促进全球可持续发展的进程。文中侧重分析全球变化背景下土地退化防治面临的新挑战, 探讨土地退化防治的新思路, 分享中国土地退化防治的新经验, 旨在力推将土地退化防治与应对气候变化、保护生物多样性、消除贫困和实现千年发展目标有机链接, 以推进绿色发展, 建设美丽地球。     

景德镇市天然次生林经营管理的研究

以景德镇市天然次生林为研究对象,分析其形成过程、自然特征;根据生态经济学原理阐述了天然次生林的经营原则,剖析其在生态建设及林业产业建设中的作用与现实意义,再根据样本调查资料揭示出通过小面积皆伐与全刈所产生的新一代萌芽林生态学的特征及相对稳定性,最后按照森林的分类区划提出天然次生林中公益林经营管理和商品林经营管理的经营目的、主要方法和具体措施。