湿加松扦插繁殖配套技术

文章从扦插繁殖基地建设和技术环节两方面来阐述湿加松扦插繁殖配套技术。在基地建设方面,提出分区建设思路,将基地区分为生产区和配套设施两大部分,其中生产区包括采穗圃、扦插圃、炼苗圃,配套设施包括7个部分,并就基地总体布局、各区建设要点和使用设施等作了详细说明。以年产100万株扦插苗的规模为例,对基地的建设投资进行了概算。在技术方面,重点介绍了采穗母株培育技术、采穗圃营建技术、扦插繁殖技术和出圃苗木的管理技术。并对营建湿加松扦插繁殖基地的投资收益与风险作了分析。对新建湿加松扦插繁殖苗圃具有指导意义。     

感染松材线虫病松树滑刃目线虫调查

 本研究首次在全国范围内调查感染松材线虫病松树体内滑刃目线虫的种群组成,包括种类记述和数量组成分析。结果表明:在300份样品中共分离得到10种滑刃目线虫,隶属于3科、4属,其中有2个国内新记录种;它们是松材线虫、拟松材线虫、霍夫曼尼伞滑刃线虫、薄荷滑刃线虫、大核滑刃线虫、小麦长尾线虫(国内新记录种)、爱尔密那长尾线虫(国内新记录种)、李氏长尾线虫、吴氏长尾线虫和外滑刃科线虫一种;描述并且图示比较它们的形态特征。种群数量组成分析表明:松材线虫在感病松树体内占据绝对的优势,削弱了松树线虫群落组成的多样性,即线虫群落结构趋向单一化。研究还表明,利用长尾属线虫的捕食习性来控制中国松材线虫病的流行与危害值得进一步探索与研究。     

Influence of Ammoniacal Copper Quaternary treatments on mechanical properties of blue-stained Lodgepole Pine wood

Three concentrations （2.8%, 2.0%, 1.2%） of Ammoniacal Copper Quaternary （ACQ） was selected to treat Lodgepole pine wood for evaluating ACQ treatment on mechanical properties of blue-stained wood. The bending modules of elasticity （MOE）, modules of rupture （MOR）, toughness and shearing strength parallel to grain on tangential surface, are tested according to the criteria GB1927-1943-91. Non-treated sample were also tested according to the same procedure. The results showed that the three groups specimen impregnated by different concentrations of ACQ solution met the AWPA standard 2003 of America （UC4A 6.4g/cm^3）. There were significant difference of toughness between treated wood and non-treated wood （p=0.01）, but there were no statistically significant differences among three concentrations in terms of toughness, and toughness of treated wood was approximately 20% lower than non-treated. MOR, MOE as well as sheafing strength parallel to grain were found to be not significantly different between treated wood and non-treated one, and there were no statistically significant difference among three concentrations of ACQ too. Toughness, MOR, MOE and sheafing strength parallel to grain increased with decrease of concentration of ACQ, but they were hardly affected by ACQ preservatives.     

马尾松苗切根技术研究

通过马尾松苗切根试验，明显提高了苗木质量，切根的最佳时间为８月分，深度８ｃｍ左右，切根苗宜在砂质土壤上进行条播为好。     

不同施肥处理对湿加松早期生长及感病指数的影响

调查了福建省德化葛坑国有林场4种不同施肥处理后,2、3、4年生湿加松树高、胸（地）径和病害指数变化情况。结果表明,（1）不同施肥处理对湿加松早期树高、胸（地）径和松感病指数均产生显著影响,各生长年度树高、胸（地）径生长大小依次为：施氮磷钾复合肥与硼砂〉施氮磷肥与硼砂〉施氮磷肥〉对照（不施肥）,而感病指数大小则为：对照（...     

倭肯河上游两种林型枯落物和土壤持水特性

为探讨不同树种组成的林分持水特性,采用实地调查与室内浸泡法,对倭肯河上游杂木林和阔叶红松林枯落物的蓄积量和持水特性进行测定,采用环刀法对土壤持水量进行测定。结果表明:两种林型枯落物厚度约7.5 cm,蓄积量为8.07~9.85 t/hm²,最大持水量相当于可吸收2.0~2.5 mm的降水,有效拦蓄量相当于可吸收1.0 mm的降水。枯落物持水量与浸水时间呈对数函数关系(R 2>0.9843),吸水速率与浸水时间呈幂函数关系(R 2>0.9999)。两种林型土壤总孔隙度范围为50.32%~51.41%,非毛管孔隙度范围为3.00%~4.44%,土壤最大持水量范围为1509.74~1542.17 t/hm²,土壤有效持水量范围为89.96~133.32 t/hm²。阔叶红松林密度低,生产力高,枯落物层最大持水量、有效拦蓄量,土壤层最大持水量、有效持水量均高于杂木林,但各评价指标差异不显著(p>0.05)。两林地持水能力中等偏低,以提高森林水源涵养为目标时,可维持现有结构,进一步开展密度调整研究。     

松针纤维素降解菌系筛选及产酶条件研究

为研究松针纤维素降解菌系,通过刚果红纤维素平板鉴别初筛菌株,以CMC、滤纸和微晶纤维素3种酶活性高低进行复筛,从土壤中分离筛选出3株松针纤维素分解能力较强的菌株。将复筛获得的菌株进行组合培养,并与其单独培养时酶活大小进行比较,得到1个酶活最佳组合,其CMC、滤纸和微晶纤维素3种酶活力分别为83.39、35.84和122.54 IU,均比单菌株各酶活力高。对该组合产酶条件研究结果表明,该组合在以硝酸钠为氮源,6.0为起始p H时,加入表面活性剂聚乙二醇400时产酶最佳,CMC、滤纸和微晶纤维素3种酶活力分别达到98.03、50.84和140.06 IU。     

油松试管苗培养中活性炭最适交替周期及浓度的研究

以活性炭的使用交替周期（3水平）和使用浓度（4水平）为因素,采用完全试验设计,以油松成熟胚为材料,对活性炭在不定芽诱导期、增殖壮苗期以及生根期3个生长阶段中对油松试管苗生长的影响进行了研究。同时还针对活性炭对油松试管苗培育过程中代谢到培养基中的有害物质酚类的吸附能力做了测定。结果表明,在油松试管苗生长的3个阶段,活性炭对油松试管苗的培养效果都具有明显的作用。油松试管苗培育全过程中活性炭的最佳使用浓度为1.00 g·L-1,最佳使用交替周期为先在不含活性炭的培养基中培养2周,再转接到含活性炭的培养基中培养4周。使用活性炭可以明显降低油松试管苗培育过程中代谢到培养基中的总酚类含量。     

Durability of thermally modified Norway spruce and Scots pine in above-ground conditions

Abstract

One of the main objectives of thermal modification is to increase the biological durability of wood. In this study the fungal resistance of Norway spruce and Scots pine, thermally modified at 195°C and 210°C, was studied with a lap-joint field test. Untreated pine and spruce and pine impregnated with tributyl tin oxide (TBTO) and copper, chromium and arsenic (CCA) were selected as reference materials. The evaluations were carried out after 1, 2 and 9 years of exposure. After 1 and 2 years of exposure mainly discoloration was detected. Only the untreated pine was slightly affected by decay fungi. There were significant differences in the decay ratings of untreated and thermally modified wood materials after 9 years in the field. While the untreated wood materials were severely attacked by decay fungi or reached failure rating, only small areas of incipient decay were detected in the thermally modified samples. Thermally modified pine was slightly more decayed than thermally modified spruce. The only wood material without any signs of decay was CCA-treated pine, since some of the TBTO-treated pine samples were also moderately attacked by fungal decay. The results of the lap-joint test had a good correlation with mass losses in a laboratory test with brown-rot fungi.     

冀北山地华北落叶松林生态系统水化学特征

降水是森林生态系统的一个主要的养分输入源,观测并分析降水化学对于准确地估算森林生态系统养分循环的养分元素浓度显得极为重要。对冀北山地华北落叶松林穿透雨、树干茎流和枯透水中的Ca、Fe、K、Mg、Mn、Zn共6种养分元素进行了测定。结果表明：（1）大气降水经过林冠层后其水化学特征明显发生了变化,化学元素含量均有不同程度增加,含量排序为Ca〉K〉Mg〉Fe〉Mn〉Zn,其中Mn元素的增长倍数最多,但6月份Mn和Zn元素浓度都出现负增长。树干茎流各项指标均增长很多,化学元素含量排序为Ca〉K〉Mg〉Mn〉Fe〉Zn。枯落物水中K和Ca元素浓度增加最大。（2）大气降雨中Zn的变异系数最大,达2.853;K和Ca元素的变异系数最小,为0.158,0.163。落叶松林穿透雨、树干茎流和枯透水中最大变异系数分别为Fe元素3.115,Mg元素为1.288,Fe元素为2.139。（3）经过淋洗后水样中各元素的浓度均有所增加,穿透水、树干茎流和枯透水中K、Ca增加较多,Fe、Zn的淋溶量较少。