山苍子种子育苗试验

针对山苍子种子休眠期长,苗木繁育困难的现状,采用7月采的种子和9月采的种子进行种子育苗试验。结果表明:7月采的种子的出苗数和苗高生长量只有9月采的种子的20%和63.3%,两者达到极显著差异。7月采种,由于种子尚未完全成熟,种子发芽率低,苗木生长较差;9月采种,种子已完全成熟,种子发芽率高,苗木生长较好。     

山苍子的开发利用及栽培技术

山苍子是珍贵的野生芳香性油料树种，其根、茎、叶、果皮、果实、核仁可分别提制柠檬醛，供医药、香精和化妆品，以及提取工业用油，经济价值高。     

施肥对毛叶木姜子生长和果实含油率的影响

本文开展了毛叶木姜子的生长指标和果实含油率与肥料种类的对比试验。试验结果表明:1)施用有机肥料能够大幅提高毛叶木姜子的生长量。树高增加值为对照的215%,胸径增加值为对照的276%,一级侧枝数比对照平均多增加了2.44枝。2)施肥可以提高毛叶木姜子果实的含油率。无论是有机肥还是复合肥,都比未施肥的对照提高果实含油率0.5%以上,其效果十分显著。因此,建议在毛叶木姜子人工林的集约经营生产中提倡多施用有机肥。     

山苍子果实亚临界低温制油的研究

山苍子是我国特有的香料植物,资源量主要分布于我国湖南、广西和贵州等省份,资源量丰富,但是目前利用率仅为5%左右,其余组分主要以丢弃为主,造成资源的极大浪费。本研究创新引入亚临界工艺进行山苍子核仁油的制取,得出最佳操作因素组合为含水率6%,温度50℃,萃取时间45 min,最佳工艺条件下萃取率大于95%。通过对山苍子核仁油的脂肪酸分析,可知山苍子核仁油主要成分为月桂酸,占53.3%。可见月桂酸是用途广泛的一种工业原料,经济价值较高,因此提取山苍子核仁油具有很好的经济效益和市场前景,本研究可为亚临界工艺在山苍子制油领域的推广应用提供坚实的理论和技术支撑。     

O/W型山苍子精油微乳的制备及其性能研究

通过加水法制备山苍子精油微乳,单因素试验考察了不同的表面活性剂、助表面活性剂、表面活性剂与助表面活性剂的质量比(K_m)以及制备温度对山苍子精油微乳形成的影响,再通过正交试验,得到水包油(O/W)型山苍子精油微乳的最佳制备条件为:曲拉通X-100(Triton X-100)为表面活性剂,无水乙醇为助表面活性剂,K_m值为1,制备温度为25℃。以最佳制备条件中混合表面活性剂与山苍子精油的质量比为9∶1,含水率为70%制得标样1,微乳的平均粒径、多分散系数(PDI)、电导率和pH值分别为13.43 nm、 0.125、 83 mS/m和5.82。对标样1进行性能测试分析,发现其在1 000～4 000 r/min的速率下进行离心时,微乳外观无变化,可证明其离心稳定性较好;在标样1和精油中加入等量的亚甲基蓝水溶液,亚甲基蓝水溶液在标样1中的扩散速度显著快于在精油中的,可证明微乳的水溶性显著优于精油;在缓释12 h后,微乳中缓释的柠檬醛含量显著少于精油中缓释的,说明微乳的缓释性优于精油;在10～30 g/L的质量浓度范围内,山苍子精油微乳液标样1比精油表...     

山鸡椒LcGPPS表达模式及其与LcGGPPS蛋白互作分析

[目的]鉴定与山鸡椒精油合成关键酶香叶基二磷酸合酶(LcGPPS)的互作蛋白,为揭示山鸡椒精油主要成分单萜物质的合成机理奠定基础。[方法]通过本地Blast搜索山鸡椒果实转录组数据库,采用RT-PCR克隆山鸡椒GPPS基因(编码异质GPPS小亚基的LcGPPS.SSU1)和山鸡椒GGPPS基因(LcGGPPS1和LcGGPPS3);利用qRTPCR分析其组织特异性表达模式,通过蛋白互作预测和酵母双杂实验验证LcGPPS.SSU1分别与LcGGPPS1和LcGGPPS3的互作关系。[结果]克隆得到LcGPPS.SSU1、LcGGPPS1和LcGGPPS3 3条基因序列,基因表达模式分析表明,LcGPPS.SSU1特异性地在花和果实中高水平表达;蛋白结构互作预测结果显示,LcGPPS.SSU1可以分别与LcGGPPS1和LcGGPPS3互作形成异质二聚体;经过酵母双杂交实验验证发现,仅LcGGPPS3能与LcGPPS.SSU1发生互作。[结论]LcGPPS.SSU1通过与LcGGPPS3蛋白发生互作从而在山鸡椒萜类合成途径中发挥作用,为深入研究山鸡椒萜类合成机制提供参考。     

山苍子内生细菌的分离及抑菌活性研究

[目的]探讨山苍子内生细菌的抑菌活性及生防效果。[方法]从山苍子的根、茎、叶和果中分离出内生细菌52株(其中根23株、茎8株、叶7株、果实14株),采用对峙生长法检测其对植物病原真菌的抑制效果。[结果]5株来自叶和果的内生细菌分别对杨树溃疡病菌、小麦纹枯病菌、番茄灰霉病菌、小麦赤霉病菌、苹果炭疽病菌和辣椒疫霉病菌有较好的拮抗作用。田间试验结果表明,1株16S rD-NA序列(序列号为JN252095)与Bacillus megaterium最为接近的山苍子叶内生细菌对辣椒疫霉病的防治效果较好,且可促进辣椒植株生长。[结论]山苍子内生细菌作为农作物生防细菌效果明显,值得进一步研究。     

贵州不同地区山苍子果实挥发油化学成分的差异

为贵州山苍子的开发利用和保护提供科学依据,通过水蒸气蒸馏法提取贵州花溪、息峰、凯里、铜仁、遵义和安顺6个地区的山苍子果实挥发油,采用气相色谱-质谱联用仪对其化学成分进行检测,通过计算机结合人工比对鉴定成分,采用峰面积归一化法测其含量。结果表明:铜仁、遵义、凯里、花溪、安顺、息烽地区的山苍子果实挥发油的化学成分分别有11种、11种、16种、21种、19种和8种,分别占各地区山苍子果实挥发油总量的72.86%、69.19%、92.88%、83.24%、78.97%和77.93%。其中,柠檬醛含量在凯里地区山苍子中最高,为35.14%;香茅醛在花溪、铜仁地区分别达24.52%、24.20%;D-柠檬烯在息烽地区最高,达23.14%;香叶醛在凯里地区最高,为15.32%。每个地区山苍子中均有特有成分,但山苍子中常见的石竹烯氧化物、金合欢醇在6个地区中均未发现。贵州不同地区山苍子果实挥发油化学成分及含量存在明显差异,应根据药用、香料等不同用途进行合理选择。     

Sustainable Harvesting of Terminalia arjuna (Roxb.) Wight & Arnot (Arjuna) and Litsea glutinosa (Lour.) Robinson (Maida) Bark in Central India

Terminalia arjuna (“Arjuna”) in the family Combretaceae is a well-known medicinal tree whose bark is extensively used in Ayurvedic medicine, particularly as a cardiac tonic. Demand for Arjuna bark, both in India and abroad, has been growing rapidly for over a decade. Litsea glutinosa (“Maida”) in the family Lauraceae is a medium size tree. Its bark is used to treat joint pain, fracture, sprain, arthritis, back pain, and indigestion. Presently the bark of Arjuna and Maida is being extracted through unscientific and destructive harvesting practices. This is the first study on development of sustainable harvesting practices of Arjuna and Maida bark. The stages of bark recovery varied from tree to tree. Age of tree, harvesting method, and season of harvest influenced bark regeneration. This study recommends that for sustainable harvest, mature bark from only one fourth to one third of the total girth of the tree should be stripped by removing only outer and middle bark, leaving the inner bark for regeneration. However, strip harvesting was found to be the best method in younger trees having a girth at breast height (GBH) of less than 60 cm. Sustainable bark harvesting can be done after every 2 yr for Arjuna and 1 yr for Maida by removing opposite quarters of trunk bark.     

Survival and germination of an experimental seed bank population of two species of Lauraceae in a tropical montane forest in Thailand

The survival and germination traits of two tropical species of Lauraceae, Lindera metcalfiana and Litsea cubeba, were investigated in a 2-year burial experiment and subsequent germination tests of sequentially excavated seeds. Fresh seeds extracted from fruit were packed in aluminum mesh bags and buried 5cm deep in a mature montane forest in northern Thailand (1700m altitude). No seed mortality was recorded for Litsea, but Lindera experienced 26%–48% mortality after being buried for 122 days. These seeds did not germinate in the forest soil during the 2-year experimental period. We found that fresh seeds of these two species did not germinate even under open conditions, suggesting that the seeds are initially deeply dormant after dispersal. In contrast, 29%–60% of excavated Lindera seeds germinated under open conditions after being buried for 30–753 days, and excavated Litsea seeds began to germinate after being buried for 408 days. These findings suggest that seeds enter a state of enforced dormancy. The ratio of germinable seeds peaked 184 days after burial in Lindera (33%) and 930 days after burial in Litsea (91%). The longer period of deep dormancy in Litsea prior to enforced dormancy is concordant with the fact that for regeneration Litsea requires larger-scale disturbance than Lindera.