外源NO缓解果树胁迫的作用机理和研究进展

一氧化氮(Nitric oxide, NO)是一种重要的信号分子,广泛参与果树的生长发育调控和对生物与非生物环境胁迫的应答反应。大量证据表明,外源NO是缓解果树干旱、高温和酸雨等胁迫中重要的信使分子,其信号转导机制目前已广受人们关注。文章综述了NO的来源、NO的双重作用及作用机理、NO与其他信号分子间的关系以及近年来外源NO缓解果树胁迫的研究进展,为外源NO缓解果树胁迫的深入研究提供参考资料。     

观赏型金豆新品系‘桔豆’的选育与栽培技术要点

‘桔豆’由实生单株选育而成。该品系具有果色鲜艳、花量大、坐果率高、树姿美观等优良观赏特性,且挂果期长,挂果时间可从10月中旬至次年的3-4月,作为观赏果树有着良好的应用前景。     

库尔勒香梨光合特性的研究

以库尔勒香梨为试材,对其光合特性进行研究,旨在为干旱地区梨树丰产优质栽培提供理论参考。结果表明:香梨外围叶片和内膛叶片净光合速率日变化均为双峰曲线,有“午休”现象,外围叶片Pn日变化在13:00和16:00出现高峰,内膛叶片Pn日变化高峰出现在13:00和15:00;外围叶片净光合速率明显高于内膛叶片。净光合速率的年周期变化为双峰曲线,峰值出现在6月和8月;香梨外围叶片的光饱和点为1 550μmol/(m2.s),光补偿点为51.1μmol/(m2.s),属喜光果树。香梨气孔导度总体呈单峰曲线变化,最高峰值出现11:00,外围叶片气孔导度(Cs)大于内膛叶片。蒸腾速率13:00达到最高峰,单峰曲线变化。     

杭州城市古树名木的现状和保护措施

通过对杭州城市区范围现有古树名木的调查和分析,查明古树名木的生存现状和存在的主要问题,分析了原因,并提出了相应的保护措施。     

油桐嫁接繁殖技术的研究

本试验研究对油桐嫁接繁殖中嫁接材料的选择、嫁接方法的应用、嫁接时期的确定,影响嫁接成活率的因素以及嫁接后的科学管理等进行了研究。     

Mitigating nitrous oxide emissions from agricultural soils by precision management

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions make up a significant part of agricultural greenhouse gas emissions. There is an urgent need to identify new approaches to the mitigation of these emissions with emerging technology. In this short review four approaches to precision managements of agricultural systems are described based on examples of work being undertaken in the UK and New Zealand. They offer the opportunity for N₂O mitigation without any reduction in productivity. These approaches depend upon new sensor technology, modeling and spatial information with which to make management decisions and interventions that can both improve agricultural productivity and environmental protection.     

第三次全国农作物种质资源调查与收集行动湖南茶树专项总结报告

2015年10月至2018年12月,项目组参与第三次全国农作物种质资源调查与收集行动,对湖南省茶树种质资源进行普查、调查和征集、收集,共普查、调查和征集、收集茶树种质资源165份,涉及45个农业县(市、区),范围为东经109.176821°~114.005865°、北纬24.943720°~29.819774°、海拔31.33~1469.00m,并对湖南茶树种质资源的保护和合理开发利用提出了建议。     

浙江龙泉地区珍贵阔叶树种保护培育工作现状及对策

为了促进人与自然和谐相处,保障生态文明建设,应做好森林资源保护培育工作。通过分析浙江龙泉地区珍贵阔叶树种保护培育工作的现状及问题,提出相应的对策,以完善龙泉地区森林资源建设,促进林业可持续发展。     

Response of industrial hemp to Salsola kali subsp. tragus densities under organic and conventional fertilisation

A 2-year field study was conducted to determine the effects of different nutrition systems and Salsola kali subsp. tragus densities on industrial hemp yield and its components. Experiments were conducted as a split plot in a randomised complete block design with three replicates. Factors were fertilisation (poultry manure, vermicompost and nitrogen fertiliser) as the main plot and weed density (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 plants/m²) as the subplot. Results indicated that the maximum number of racemes per plant, seeds per raceme, 1000-seed weight, biomass, grain yield and harvest index (HI) of industrial hemp were obtained using vermicompost and were reduced with nitrogen fertiliser application. All measured properties in hemp plants decreased due to increasing S. kali subsp. tragus density, especially at 15 and 20 plants/m². The most significant reduction in hemp grain yield and its components was observed by increasing weed density with the application of nitrogen fertiliser. The application of vermicompost at high weed densities resulted in greater hemp grain yield and its components compared with nitrogen fertiliser. It is recommended to apply organic fertilisers, especially vermicompost at high S. kali subsp. tragus densities.     

智能化纳米释药系统用于细菌感染治疗的研究进展

细菌耐药性的相关研究已成为多学科交叉研究的热点,纳米技术因其独特的物化性质在药物递送系统(drug delivery systems,DDSs)的应用中具有可以改善药物的药代动力学和药效学特性,为应对全球细菌抗生素耐药性问题提供了一种新的策略。作为药物载体,理想的纳米粒子必须具有较高的载药量,将药物运送到特定的病理部位和(或)靶细胞,同时不发生药物泄漏,并且在作用部位迅速释放药物。为此,人们积极寻求各种"智能"纳米释药系统,这种纳米释药系统可以对内部或外部刺激(如pH、氧化还原、温度、磁和光等)进行响应,从而实现对药物的可控释放。本文围绕pH、温度、光照以及酶和其他内源或外源因子刺激响应的智能化抗菌药物递送系统领域的最新研究进展进行了评述。