Effects of temperature and humidity on the contact angle of pesticide droplets on rice leaf surfaces

The effects of external factors such as temperature, humidity, pesticide formulation, and pesticide concentration on the contact angle of pesticide droplets on rice leaf surfaces were analyzed. The experiments showed that there were significant differences in the contact angles of droplets on the leaf surfaces under different temperatures and humidity. As the ambient temperature increased, the contact angle first decreased and then increased, reaching a minimum value at 25°C. With a gradual increase in humidity, the contact angle significantly increased and reached a maximum at 100% humidity. Finally, it was concluded that both the formulation and concentration of the pesticide had a significant effect on the contact angle of droplets on rice leaf surfaces. The experiments also illustrated that the effects of the pesticide formulation and concentration on the contact angle were more significant than those of temperature and humidity.     

生姜群体及其光合作用与产量形成关系的研究

研究结果表明，姜群体光合速率与群体姜产量密切相关，群体光合速率决定于群体的构成。高产群体姜的单位面积分枝数应超过１５０／ｍ２，叶面积指数不得低于６ｍ２／ｍ２。本试验中种植密度超过７０００株／６６６．６７ｍ２的３个群体均达到了这一要求，这３个群体间的株高、分枝数、叶面积指数、群体光合速率和产量均无显著差异且都获得高产。姜群体光合速率的日变化呈典型的单峰曲线而异于单叶光合的双峰曲线。     

基于改进型倾角测量的弧垂监测系统

为了提高动态增容的安全性,有必要对输电线路弧垂进行实时监测,为此需构建导线的弧垂监测系统。通过建立导线倾角—弧垂的数学模型,分析弧垂计算过程中误差产生的原因,提出改进措施,并通过实验验证了改进措施对提高弧垂计算精度的有效性。同时设计了基于Zigbee技术与GPRS相结合的无线传输网络,具有扩展性强,功耗低的特点。构建了无线传感网络供电模块,使整个弧垂监测系统能够准确、可靠、实时地工作。     

Low leaf to fruit ratio delays fruit maturity of ‘Lapins’ sweet cherry on Gisela 5

Canopy leaf to fruit ratio (L:F) of 6-year-old ‘Lapins’ sweet cherry trees on Gisela 5 rootstock was manipulated at the end of stage II (38 DAFB) of fruit development. While control trees showed a L:F ratio of 0.7:1 without alteration, on other trees young fruit were manually removed to yield L:F ratios of 2:1 and 3:1, respectively. All leaves and young fruit on trees were counted 30 DAFB. The effect of altering the source–sink ratio of whole trees on sweet cherry fruit quality parameters (fruit increment, fruit mass, color, total soluble solids content, contents of individual sugars and organic acids) was evaluated in the study. High leaf area to fruit (LA:F) ratios influenced significantly darkest fruit color, higher fruit mass, higher total soluble solids content and higher ratio between sugars and acids, which corresponded to better ripening stage. Contents of glucose, fructose and sorbitol, but not sucrose, sum of individual sugars, and the content of malic acid differed significantly among fruit of the different treatments. Fruit of the most advanced maturity stage (treatment 3:1) had the highest quality. Each day of improved L:F ratio counts towards better sweet cherry fruit quality. The results show that low L:F ratio influenced prolonged ripening process and delayed fruit maturity of ‘Lapins’ sweet cherry.     

华杂6号叶面积简易测定方法

研究了在直播条件下，华杂6号的叶长、叶宽、长宽乘积与叶面积，单叶面积与整株叶面积的关系。结果表明，华杂6号的单片叶面积与叶长、叶宽、长宽乘积都呈幂函数关系，但单片叶面积与长宽乘积关系最密切，其次是叶宽，最后是叶长。单株叶面积与单片叶面积呈一元线性函数关系，但相关性最好的叶片所处叶位，随绿叶数的增加而降低。     

稳态工况下横摆角速度与侧倾角的关系分析

在分别建立转向、悬架和轮胎数学模型的基础上,理论推导出横摆角速度与侧倾角的相互关系,分析了角阶跃输入下路面附着系数和车速对转向的影响,刻画了不同车速和前轮转角下横摆角速度与侧倾角的变化过程,通过分析总结出两者之间的稳态值变化规律。仿真和试验结果表明,试验与仿真的结果相吻合,验证了仿真的正确性,为侧向和垂向动力学的集成控制研究提供了理论参考。     

缩节胺(DPC)对不同密度下棉花冠层结构特征与产量性状的影响

在新疆气候生态条件下,设置适量化调和超量化调方式,每个化调下设3个种植密度,研究了化学调节剂(DPC)对不同密度棉花冠层结构及产量的影响.结果表明:随密度增加,两种化调量下均表现叶面积指数(LAI)增大、叶倾角(MFA)变大,株型变紧凑;但密度过大,群体散射辐射透过系数(TR)小,造成生育后期群体光合速率(CAP)较快...     

烟草航天诱变突变体叶形遗传分析及基因定位

利用航天诱变方法获得烟草品种NC89的突变体NC89-M,与野生型相比,NC89-M叶形呈宽椭圆,叶面褶皱,叶缘呈锯齿状.为明确烟草航天诱变突变体NC89-M叶形突变机理,挖掘突变体叶形突变基因,利用NC89-M与烟草品系2014-168杂交获得F2群体,对F2群体遗传分析表明突变体叶形性状受1对显性主效基因控制.通过...     

How do timing,duration, and intensity of drought stress affect the agronomic performance of winter rye?

Winter rye (Secale cereale L.) will be especially affected by drought induced yield losses in Central and Eastern Europe in the future because it is predominantly cultivated on low-fertile soils with a poor water-holding capacity. In order to examine the performance of winter rye under different drought conditions, field experiments were carried out during the years 2011, 2012, and 2013 near Braunschweig, Germany. Two sets of genotypes were tested under severe, mild, pre-anthesis, and post-anthesis drought stress in rain-out shelters as well as under rainfed and well-watered conditions. The grain, straw, and total above ground biomass yields, harvest index, grain yield components, leaf area index (LAI), and phenological characteristics were examined, as well as phenotypic correlations between grain yield and further characteristics. Drought induced grain yield reduction ranged from 14 to 57%, while straw yield and harvest index were lesser affected by drought than the grain yield. Under drought conditions, fully ripe was reached up to twelve days earlier than under non water-limited conditions. Pre-anthesis drought mainly reduced spikes m⁻² and kernels spike⁻¹ while drought during grain filling reduced the 1000-kernel weight (TKW) only. The grain yield was positively associated with straw yield, spikes m⁻², and kernels spike⁻¹ under water limited conditions while the TWK was only positively associated with grain yield under drought during grain filling. Consequently, high pre-anthesis biomass as well as high numbers of spikes m⁻² and kernels spike⁻¹ are especially important for obtaining high grain yields under water-limited conditions. Focusing on these traits is, therefore, recommendable for developing drought tolerant rye genotypes.     

灌水模式对不同品种冬小麦群体生长特性和产量及蛋白质含量的影响

为筛选推荐节水高产品种提供依据,研究了不同灌水模式对冬小麦群体动态和产量及蛋白质含量的影响.以泰山23、泰山223、山农6号和石家庄8号为试验材料,设置3种灌水方式,印W1底墒水(生育期不浇水)、W2底墒水+春1水(拔节水-孕穗期)和W3底墒水+拔节水+开花水.主要研究了不同灌水方式下4个品种的产量构成因素、叶面积指数、干物质积累及籽粒蛋白质含量性状.结果表明,W1和W2、W3之间产量差异显著,W2和W3之间产量差异不显著,品种之间产量差异显著.叶面积和干物质积累量随着灌水次数的增加而增加,但不同品种之间表现不同,泰山23较其它3个品种变化较小.不同灌溉模式对试验品种均表现为随着灌水次数的增加蛋白质含量减少,W1显著高于W2和W3.根据本研究结果可知,说明泰山23具有较好产量潜力和品种适应性.