华北落叶松人工林生长季内的林冠结构和光分布

根据 1 991～ 1 992年生长季中 2 9d的观测资料和 32株伐倒木分层测定数据 ,对华北落叶松人工林的林冠结构、光合有效辐射分布规律进行了分析研究 .结果表明 ,华北落叶松林木一级侧枝倾角随枝龄增长而增大 ,随着枝高度增加而减小 ;枝长随着枝高度降低而增大 .林分叶面积指数约 3/ 5分布在冠深 2 .5～ 4.5m (高密林分 )和 3.5～ 5 .5m (低密林分 )的空间内 .叶面积指数、枝表面积指数随冠深的累积分布曲线均呈S型 .生长季林冠对光合有效辐射的日平均透过率和反射率均为 7月 <8月 <6月 <9月 ,吸收率则为 9月 <6月 <8月 <7月     

Effects of Row-Spacing on Canopy Structure and Yield in Different Plant Type Rice Cultivars

Two japonica rice varieties, Longjing 20 (more tillers and curved panicle type, MCP) and Longjing 21 (few tillers and half erect panicle type, FEP), were used to study the effects of row-spacing on canopy structure, morphological characteristics and yield. The results showed that the percentage of productive tiller reduced first, and increased afterwards as row-spacing increasing. The relationship between row spacing and the percentage of productive tiller fitted a quadratic regression. The effects of row spacing on leaf area index (LAI) at later tillering stage and the highest stem number per square meter also followed a quadratic regression relationship with increasing first and then reducing. The effects of row-spacing on primary branch were larger than the secondary branch in Longjing 20. However, the trend in Longjing 21 was opposite. The relationship between row spacing and seed setting rate of the secondary branch or panicle was negatively correlated. An extreme significant negative correlation was obtained between seed setting rate of secondary branch in Longjing 20. There was no significant positive correlation between row-spacing and yield in Longjing 20 (R2=0.68). However, the negative correlation between row-spacing and yield of Longjing 21 was extremely significant (R2=–0.96**). The canopy structure of MCP was more sensitive to row-spacing. The positive correlation between row spacing and the length of the flag leaf (R2=0.89**), the width of the flag leaf (R2=0.85*), the length of the last internode (R2=0.85*), the length of the last 2nd internode (R2=0.96**) or the length of the panicle (R2=0.91**) was significant or extremely significant in Longjing 20, but not in Longjing 21. The wider row-spacing promoted the accumulation of the dry matter of panicle, stem and leaf and the yield formation in MCP. The best row-spacing in Longjing 20 was 30 cm. For Longjing 21, the narrower row-spacing was better. The best row-spacing of it was 21 cm. These results suggested that improved the population environment of MCP or the utilization of the free space in the field of FEP could be reached either by wider row-spacing or narrow row-spacing.     

不同出口角离心油泵叶轮切割性能实验

对不同出口角的离心油泵叶轮直径进行了切割，当输送清水时，对离心油泵性能的变化情况和切割定律的影响进行了实验研究。结果表明，随着叶轮直径的减小，最优工况点向着流量减小的方向移动；泵在第一次切割后，即叶轮直径为205mm时，最优工况点的效率有所上升，出口角越大效率上升的幅度越大。关死工况下．扬程切割指数和轴功率切割指数分别近似等于常数。最优工况下，流量、扬程、轴功率和效率切割指数与现有理论值不同。     

山楂嫩枝插条育苗研究

山楂味美具有疗效,种植山楂经济效益较高。繁殖优良品种采用实生苗嫁接,周期长成苗率低,插条育苗生根困难。嫩枝插条育苗研究获得成活率90％以上。具体措施为选择沙壤土地设置塑料拱棚,5月中、下旬剪取花枝盛花期枝条作为插穗,以NAA600ppm浓度处理1h,扦插深3～5cm,严格控制棚内生态环境,最高温度不超过31℃,以20～28℃为宜,湿度保持在70～90％,土壤含水量20％,光照强度日平均在7000Lux左右。插条苗以翌年早春萌芽前移植定苗培养为好,加强水肥管理,一年可获优质壮苗。     

导叶相位角度对管道输油泵水力性能的影响

为提高管道输油泵水力性能,以某型号大型管道输油泵为研究对象,针对导叶相位角度对其水力性能的影响进行研究.采用Pro/E与Gambit软件对该输油泵全流道内流场进行三维造型与网格划分.应用计算流体动力学软件CFX对输油泵在6个导叶相位(0°,6°,12°,18°,24°和30°)及5个流量工况(0.8Q_d,0.9Q_d,1.0Q_d,1.1Q_d和1.2Q_d)下的内流场进行定常数值计算,得到了不同导叶相位下输油泵的性能曲线,对比分析了不同导叶相位下输油泵的内部流动情况.研究结果表明:不同相位时,在设计工况下扬程差别较大,扬程最大相差6%,大流量及小流量工况下扬程的差别较小;设计工况下效率差别较小,大流量及小流量工况下效率的差别增大,效率最大相差2%;导叶叶片背面出口处的低速区是影响输油泵水力性能的重要因素,不同导叶相位下,蜗壳隔舌处的流场不同,进而影响输油泵的水力性能;受导叶流道出口低速区的影响,导叶相位为6°,12°及18°时,蜗壳扩散段流态较差,导致输油泵效率偏低,且蜗壳出口速度分布非常不均,不利于输油泵高效平稳地运行.     

基于冠层温度的温室葡萄CWSI模型试验研究

探讨并建立了适合于镇江丘陵地区温室葡萄水分状况监测的作物水分胁迫指数(CWSI)模型.通过田间实验和观测,得到了适合温室葡萄的CWSI经验模型中的经验关系.初步的检验和分析表明,这一模型是合理的,可以用于温室内葡萄基于冠层温度信息的水分状况监测.     

An experiment study of the realization of diesel engine emission standard of Euro IV

This paper calibrates the advanced injector angle and EGR of a four-in-line pressure engine on the specialized test stand, which makes the NOx achieved the standard of Euro IV. Then an experiment study of the diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) and the particulate oxidation catalyst (POC) are made. Both make the diesel engine emission achieving the Standard of Euro IV. This experiment study shows a kind of method that realizing diesel engine emission standard of Euro IV, and concludes the character and law of the method.     

衡阳烟稻复种耕作年限对烟叶生产可持续性发展的影响

为探明长期烟稻复种连作对烟田土壤养分及烟叶产量与品质的影响,在衡阳烟区烟-稻复种连作区采取了不同复种限的土样和当季烟叶样品,检测了土壤pH值、有机质及速效养分含量、中微量元素含量以及烟叶产量和烟叶主要化学成分含量等指标的变化.结果表明,适度的烟稻复种连作(≤7年)可较好的协调土壤pH值,不仅对烟叶产量和产值无显著影响,而且使烟叶中糖碱比和钾氯比协调合理,品质趋好.而当连作超过10年后,土壤明显酸化,烟叶产量产值也显著下降,可考虑通过绿肥轮作、休耕等措施提升土壤质量.     

不同采收季节对叶用芥菜类黄酮物质含量和抗氧化活性的影响

 以10个不同基因型叶用芥菜为试材, 研究了不同采收季节对其总酚含量、类黄酮含量和抗氧化活性的影响。结果表明春季采收的总酚含量、抗氧化活性显著高于冬季采收的。叶用芥菜含有槲皮素和山奈素两种类黄酮化合物, 春季采收的槲皮素和山奈素含量高于冬季采收的。基因型间总酚、槲皮素和山奈素的含量及抗氧化活性均存在较大的差异, 并与生长季节有极显著的互作关系, 表明生长季节对不同基因型叶用芥菜酚类物质积累和抗氧化活性有较大的影响。总酚、槲皮素和山奈素的含量分别与抗氧化活性呈极显著和显著正相关。     

利用数码相机测定茶树叶面积的新方法

[目的]简化植物叶片面积测量方法,方便田间测量。[方法]利用数码相机拍照法和硬币辅助数码相机拍照法测量选定茶叶的面积,并将测量结果分别与坐标纸测量法相对比。[结果]利用数码相机拍照法测量云抗10号、黄观音和十里香茶的叶面积的测算误差分别为0.54%、1.60%和5.15%,而利用硬币辅助数码相机拍照法测量的佛香1号、佛香2号、佛香3号、九龙袍、软枝乌龙和十里香茶6个茶树品种叶面积的测算误差范围为1.86%～4.69%。[结论]硬币辅助数码相机拍照法测量结果准确、可靠,特别是适宜于叶面积小的茶树品种,而且可以随时进行测量。