长白落叶松人工林可燃物碳储量分布及燃烧性

对小兴安岭长白落叶松人工林可燃物进行分层分类型调查,比较其碳储量垂直分布,分析从未成林地到成熟 林林火种类、行为和燃烧性,据此评估森林燃烧性等级,并提出可燃物处理和营林防火措施。结果表明:未成林碳 储量仅87.660 t/ hm2 ,但各层可燃物连续性好,草本着火且形成高强度地表火后,易引发树冠火,属高燃烧性林分, 应加大灌草清除;幼龄林碳储量138.574 t/ hm2 ,不易发生地表火,但枯死枝可引发树冠火,高林分密度有利于树冠 火蔓延,属高燃烧性林分,应注重整枝,兼顾地表可燃物清理;中龄林碳储量163郾884 t/ hm2 ,可能发生地表火,因间 伐修枝而抬高树冠,降低了林冠火发生的可能性,属低燃烧性林分,可计划烧除灌草;近熟林碳储量199.838 t/ hm2 , 可以发生地表火,甚至树冠火,属中燃烧性林分,应重点清理可燃物累积多的区域;成熟林碳储量253.962 t/ hm2 ,地 表存在大量可燃物,可形成高强度地表火,属高燃烧性林分,应计划烧除。      

大兴安岭北部兴安落叶松树干液流规律及影响因子分析

利用Granier 热扩散植物液流技术(TDP),于2012 年5—9 月连续对大兴安岭北部兴安落叶松蒸腾进行测定, 结合同步观测的环境因子,分析兴安落叶松树干液流规律及其与环境因子的关系。结果表明:1) 兴安落叶松蒸腾速率具有明显的昼夜变化规律,晴天和阴天均为单峰曲线,雨天为双峰曲线,且晴天和阴天的蒸腾速率高于雨天。夜间液流通量占整日液流通量的百分比为晴天(5.91%) 雨天(4.88%) 阴天(2.57%),在高温无雨情况下,液 流通量呈现随高温无雨日数的增加而逐渐降低的趋势。2) 6—8 月兴安落叶松蒸腾量占观测期总耗水量的80%, 液流速率日峰值较高,其中7 月最高达23.6 cm3 / (cm2·h),5 月次之,9 月最低为2.03 cm3 / (cm2·h)。3) 边材液流速率与环境因子存在良好的相关性,多元回归模型决定系数为0郾79;影响兴安落叶松树干液流的主要影响因子为蒸汽压亏缺和光合有效辐射。4) 生长季内兴安落叶松林蒸腾耗水量为566郾49 t/ hm2 ,即56郾65 mm,占同期降雨量 的12%。      

火干扰对兴安落叶松林土壤轻组有机碳的影响

该研究基于土壤轻组有机碳在土壤碳循环中的重要作用,以大兴安岭林区兴安落叶松林土壤为研究对象,分析了火干扰后不同年份高强度火烧对土壤轻组有机碳的影响。用比重分离法对兴安落叶松林火干扰后3年（2008年）、火干扰5年（2006年）和火干扰后9年（2002年）样地及各对照样地的土壤样品进行测定。结果表明：不同年限火干扰后土壤轻组有机碳存在显著差异（P〈0．05）：火干扰后3年土壤轻组有机碳增加11．99％,而火干扰后5年土壤轻组有机碳含量减少了8．77％,火干扰后9年土壤轻组有机碳含量减少了6．27％,减少程度随着时间的推移有所下降。研究结果表明,土壤轻组有机碳与土壤含水率并无显著性关系;火干扰后3年和5年样地轻组有机碳与pH值呈显著性负相关,火干扰后轻组有机碳与土壤温度具有显著性负相关（P〈0．05）。火干扰后短期内土壤轻组有机碳表现出更加明显的季节动态性。该研究为进一步了解火干扰对北方森林土壤碳循环、碳平衡的影响机理以及火干扰后森林生态系统的碳效应提供基础数据。     

A study on the geographic variation and selection of the best provenance ofLarix olgensis

On the basis of the results from the geographic provenance test of nine years oldlarix olgensis in Liangshui Natural Reserve of our university, a study on the geographic varition and the primary selection of the best provenance ofLarix olgensis was carried out. The main results are as follows: I.The different provenances ofLarix olgensis have rich and wide genetic variation, and exist a linear correlation with latitude and longitude in collection area. General trends are enumerated below: Provenances at lower latitude and more west longitude have lighter thousand seed weight, short growth period, higher increment, wide branches, rich leaves and crown as well as worst adaptabillity. It is a dual-way variation along with two directions of latitude and longitude, and also embodies a change gradually in climate condition from south to north. The temperatures in seed production site, especially the mean temperature in January and ≥10 °C accumulated temperature, are important factors that produce geographic variation forlarix olgensis. 2. The variation of different provenances in periodic biological phenomena and growth rhythm trends are that: 1 both of the provenances from Changbai Mt. (III) and Dashitou(IV) at low latitude belong to the centralized growth type, and have shout growth period, the difference between these two provenances is that the provenance from Changbai Mt. grows well in all time, Dashitou provennce is well only in later period; 2 the provenance from Baidao Mt. (II) at middle latitude belongs to even growth type and has longer grpwth period, this provenance has higher increment in early and later periods relatively; 3 Xiaobeihu provenance at high latitude is a growth type among II. III and IV provenances and has a general growth period, the provenance grows better in middle time and worse in later time. 3. The best provenance in Liangshui Natural Reserve and its meighbourhood is Dashitou Procenance, which growth in height, diameter and volume has exceeded 16. 28%, 46. 27%, 30. 58%, 78. 20, 82. 00% as well as 392. 00% by comparison with the mean value of the contrast and the worst provenance respectively, The result from the height growth of three, five, seven and nine years oldLarix olgensis by using the method of order correlation analysis demonstrates that it is possible to make early selection of the provenance. Meanwhile, data from juvenile and mature oflarix olgensis plantation also prove the reliability of the early selection. 4. The provenance heritabilities of nine years oldlarix olgensis in Liangshui Natural Reserve are follows: The heritability of the height growth (h²) is 0.79; The heritability of the diameter breast height (h²) is 0.791; The geretic gain is 24.5% and 40.36% respectively.     

不同营林措施对日本落叶松生物量的影响

通过测量集约经营和一般经营的日本落叶松标准木的地上和地下部分的生物量,并据此分析测量两种不同经营措施的全体生物量,显示出集约经营和一般经营的日本落叶松造林差异很大,集约经营的措施可以促进日本落叶松各个器官迅速生长,单株及全林产量大幅度提高,是提高林木生产率的有效途径。     

长白落叶松苗最佳密度的小气候研究(Ⅰ)——长白落叶松苗群体的太阳辐射分布状况

本文总结了对长白落叶松苗期不同密度的小气候环境的定量测定数据、生物生长量的研究,得出长白落叶松苗最佳密度为600～700株/m~2时群体叶面积指数为2.2,光能利用率为0.26～0.30,太阳透过系数为0.5左右。并建议:将合格苗分为三级,按级加大差价,提高培育伏苗积极性。     

Larix gmelini tannin-based adhesive for plywood

Larix tannin-phenol-formaldehyde (TPF) adhesive, having 60% by weight of phenol being replaced, was evaluated for its utilization in plywood. The kinetic characteristic of the TPF resin was investigated through differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and the results obtained from the DSC scans show that the resin has a little bit different thermochemical behavior from that of phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin. Two kinds of plywood panels were produced using the TPF adhesive in laboratory. The desired test results met the Chinese GB 9846-88 and ZB B70006-88, respectively, and the long assembly time of TPF resin in preparing plywood can be improved by mixing with the filler.All the properties of plywoods bonded with the TPF adhesive were compared with those obtained with synthetic PF adhesive.     

正常收获表的研制

本文利用兴安落叶松幼、中龄林一般临时样地材料,研究了正常收获表的编制方法。根据森林生长理论,把正常林分定义为“生长模型中生长率系数最大的林分”。又根据Von Bertalanffy生长理论和相对生长法则,用理查德生长方程描述林分断面积的生长曲线。从而导出的系数k是生长率参数。由定义正常林分可视为k值最大的林分,所以提高k值可求正常林分断面积生长曲线,编制出正常收获表。     

山西华北落叶松天然林的地理分布和种群变异规律的研究

对山西省内华北落叶松天然林调查,得到了41个调查点的生长量、球果、针叶和种子等性状的材料,并对这些数据进行了单相关分析和多元回归分析。结果表明:9个性状林分间的差异达到极显著水平,有的性状与经纬度、气候因子呈显著的相关。总的趋势是:随着气候干旱、寒冷、每簇针叶数目越来越多,呈单向渐变群的变异模式,且果鳞数目逐渐增多;年生长量也呈现由东北向西南逐渐增加之趋势,尤其是胸径生长量与海拔呈显著的正相关。多元回归分析表明:纬度、年均温,1月均温是影响生长量的主要因子:而影响每簇针叶数目变化的主要是7月均温和纬度。同时还筛选出影响变异的主导生态因子。     

Experimental reports on using "Penzhangjing" for Larix loptolepis

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