Temporal Changes in the State of a Pine Stand in a Bog Affected by Air Pollution in Northeast Estonia

We used the needle trace method to investigate changes in the state of a Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) stand in a bog (Voorepera) in the north-eastern part of Estonia, the most polluted area of the country. Additionally, we chose six sampling sites in other parts of Northeast Estonia (polluted area) and eight sites in southern Estonia (unpolluted area) to compare the state of pine stands in different bogs. During the period of 1964–1997, the radial growth had increased from 0.27 to 2.16 mm yr^–1 and the annual shoot length from 0.10 to 0.28 m in Voorepera. Mean values of the period (1.13 mm yr^–1 and 0.26 m, respectively) were two and four times higher in Voorepera than the average of the other bogs (0.5 mm yr^–1 and 0.06 m, respectively). Maximum needle age fluctuated between three and five growing seasons in Voorepera, the mean (four growing seasons) was similar to that of other bogs (four growing seasons). Except radial growth, which was 0.6 mm yr^–1 in the polluted area and 0.4 mm yr^–1 in the unpolluted area, other indices of trees' health (shoot growth, needle age, nitrogen concentration in needles) and substrate conditions (water pH and N concentration) did not show clear differences between polluted and unpolluted areas. We conclude that air pollution from oil shale industry (thermal power plant and chemical factories) enhances the growth of pines in bogs, which can induce drastic changes in these ecosystems. However, the effect is currently obvious only in the vicinity of pollution sources.     

小麦品种‘武农148’和‘西农928’的抗叶锈病基因分析

本研究选用9个小麦叶锈菌菌系接种36个已知基因载体品种(系)、‘武农148’和‘西农928’进行抗叶锈基因苗期推导分析,在2014—2015和2015—2016连续两年两点对其进行成株抗叶锈性鉴定并结合苗期抗叶锈基因推导与系谱分析;利用9个与已知抗病基因紧密连锁的特异性标记进行标记检测,从而得出供试材料的抗性和携带的抗病基因。结果表明,‘西农928’中可能携带抗病基因Lr30、Lr42和携带有未知微效抗病基因,所检测的2个品种均不含抗病基因Lr1、Lr9、Lr10、Lr19、Lr20、Lr24、Lr26、Lr34和Lr46。针对西农928中含有的抗叶锈病基因,可作为小麦抗锈病育种中的抗源材料。     

五种药剂防治油葵白锈病试验初报

试验结果表明:64%杀毒矾WP对油葵白锈病防效较好,其次是72%杜邦克露WP、53%金雷多米尔锰锌WG、72%霜疫必克WP。25%甲霜灵WP对油葵白锈病防效不理想。推荐64%杀毒矾WP600倍、72%杜邦克露WP1000倍等防治油葵白锈病在伊犁河谷区域推广应用。     

施用有机肥对小麦吸钾量及生物量的影响

以耕地棕壤和草甸土为材料,通过盆栽试验研究了施用有机肥及有机肥与钾肥配合施用对小麦生物量和吸钾量的影响。结果表明:施用有机肥后可以提高小麦的生物量和吸钾量。在棕壤上施用有机肥20,40,80g·kg-1处理的小麦生物量分别比对照增加了14.85%、24.94%和42.46%,在草甸土上施用有机肥20,40,80g·kg-1处理的小麦吸钾量分别比对照提高了38.41%、83.37%和143.55%,差异均达到了极显著水平。在施用钾肥的基础上再施用有机肥,能进一步提高小麦的吸钾量。     

樟子松松针锈病病原菌——春孢子形态及酯酶同工酶变异

樟子松松针锈病病原菌——鞘锈菌（Ｃｏｌｅｏｓｐｏｒｉｕｍ）的分类历来很乱。传统的分类方法都是依冬孢子形态和冬孢子寄主来进行的。但近年的研究表明１种鞘锈菌的春孢子可以侵染２种或２种以上的冬孢子寄主，所以按冬孢子寄主来划分鞘锈菌的种是不合理的。文中在病害症状观察和春孢子表面形态观察的基础上，首次对樟子松３种不同形态的春孢子的酯酶同工酶进行了分析，从而为鞘锈菌的分子分类学研究奠定了基础。     

成株抗条锈性小麦品种的筛选及应用前景

通过三年大田及室内试验,筛选出了我国成株抗条锈性的小麦品种47个.这些品种的抗性可分为三种类群:(1)高抗至免疫类型;(2)中抗类型;(3)介于高抗至中抗之间的类型,该类型的抗性表现取决于环境条件.并对成株抗条锈性品种的应用前景进行了评价.     

Genetic Analysis and Molecular Tagging a Novel Yellow Rust Resistance Gene Derived from Synthetic Hexaploid Wheat Germplasm M08

Yellow rust of wheat （caused by Puccinia striiformis Westend. f. sp. tritici Eriks.） has been periodically epidemic and severely damaged wheat production in China. The development of resistant cultivars could be an effective way to reduce yield losses of wheat caused by yellow rust. Rust reaction tests and genetic analysis indicated that M08, the synthetic hexaploid wheat derived from hybridization between Triticum durum （2n = 6X = 28; genome AABB） and Aegilops tauschii （2n = 2X = 14; genome DD）, showed resistance to current prevailing yellow rust races at seedling stage, which was controlled by a single dominant gene, designated as YrAm. Bulked segregant analysis was used to identify microsatellite markers linked to gene YrAm in an F2 population derived from cross M08 （resistant） × Jinan 17 （susceptible）. Three microsatellite marker loci Xgwm77, Xgwm285, and Xgwml31 located on chromosome 3B were mapped to the YrAm locus. Xgwml31 was the closest marker locus and showed a linkage distance of 7.8 cM to the resistance locus. Thus, it is assumed that YrAm for resistance to yellow rust may be derived from Triticum durum and is located on the long arm of chromosome 3B.     

小麦条锈病气象预测方法及遥感监测研究进展

从影响小麦条锈病发生发展的大尺度气候背景、局地气象因子两方面,对小麦条锈病发生发展的气象预测研究进行了综述,指出了常规预测方法存在的问题和难点。概述了高光谱遥感在小麦条锈病监测中的应用,并对遥感与作物模型的结合进行了探讨,在此基础上展望了基于大气环流的小麦条锈病中、长期预测及G IS辅助的遥感技术在小麦条锈病监测方面的应用前景。     

气象条件对甘肃冬小麦条锈病流行的影响研究

应用积分回归的方法分析了甘肃省东部地区气候条件对条锈病发生、发展的影响。结果表明：气温的影响在中部和北部以负效应为主，南部以正效应为主；降水、相对湿度的正效应十分明显，且影响效应大于温度。总体而言，甘肃东部的气候环境有利于小麦病虫害的发生发展。     

稻瘟菌诱导的广谱抗性

 以稻瘟弱致病菌对关东51、爱知旭、新2号作诱导接种,又用稻瘟强致病菌、稻胡麻叶斑菌、稻白叶枯病菌进行挑战接种,水稻均获得对这3种病害的诱导抗性。又以稻胡麻叶斑菌为诱导因子,也同样使水稻表现了不同程度的抗瘟性。