香橼优良单株半同胞家系子代抗寒性研究

在南京六合地区对3年生24个香橼优良单株半同胞家系子代进行抗寒性测定研究,结果表明家系子代间抗寒性存在着显著的差异。田间观测-11℃自然低温下春江4#和香橼4#的抗寒性最强,受冻株率分别为86.67%和100%,平均受冻级别均为Ⅰ级,耐寒指数均为2.00;新世纪8#、春江7#和新世纪2#的抗寒性最差,受冻株率均为100%,平均受冻级别均达Ⅲ级,耐寒指数均大于3.00。室内抗寒力测定供试家系子代的半致死温度在-14.84℃～-7.05℃之间。春江4#和香橼4#的抗寒力最强,半致死温度分别为-14.84℃和-13.94℃;春江7#和新世纪2#的抗寒力最差,半致死温度分别为-7.91℃和-7.05℃。抗寒性评估结果一致。根据半致死温度,结合田间抗寒性观测,供试香橼家系子代抗寒性评估排序为春江4#>香橼4#>春江6#>春江5#>新世纪9#>新世纪10#>新世纪3#>香橼1#>新世纪7#>香橼7#>新世纪8#>香橼6#>香橼5#>春江3#>新世纪4#>新世纪6#>香橼2#>春江8#>新世纪5#>春江1#>新世纪1#>春江2#>春江7#>新世纪2#。     

Autumn growth and cold hardening of winter wheat under simulated climate change

Abstract

Plant responses to elevated CO₂ are governed by temperature, and at low temperatures the beneficial effects of CO₂ may be lost. To document the responses of winter cereals grown under cold conditions at northern latitudes, autumn growth of winter wheat exposed to ambient and elevated levels of temperature (+2.5°C), CO₂ (+150 µmol mol^?1), and shade (?30%) was studied in open-top chambers under low light and at low temperatures. Throughout the experiment, temperature dominated plant responses, while the effects of CO₂ were marginal, except for a positive effect on root biomass. Increased temperature resulted in increased leaf area, total biomass, total root biomass, total stem biomass, and number of tillers, but also a lower content of total sugars and a weaker tolerance to frost. The loss of frost tolerance was related to the larger size of plants grown at elevated temperature. The 30% light reduction under shading did not affect the growth, sugar content, or frost tolerance of winter wheat. At the low temperatures found at high latitudes during autumn, the atmospheric CO₂ increase is unlikely to enhance autumn growth of winter wheat to any significant extent, while a temperature increase may have important and major effects on its development and growth.     

茶黄素提取物及茶黄素片的急性毒性

以茶黄素提取物及终端产品茶黄素片为原料,采用急性毒性试验方法,研究试验小鼠对茶黄素提取物和茶黄素片的急性毒理特性。结果表明,茶黄素提取物对雌性小鼠的急性经口LD50为2710.0 mg/kg体重,是成人日用量的(10~20 mg/kg)的136~271倍;对雄性小鼠LD50为3160.0 mg/kg体重,是成人日用量的(10~20 mg/kg)的158~316倍。茶黄素片对雌性小鼠的急性经口LD50为20000.0 mg/kg体重,是成人日用量的(40~50 mg/kg)的400~500倍;对雄性小鼠的急性经口LD50为14700.0 mg/kg体重,是成人日用量的(40~50 mg/kg)的294~368倍。茶黄素提取物和茶黄素片对雄性小鼠和雌性小鼠的急性经口LD50,均大于成人日用量的100倍,说明茶黄素提取物和茶黄素片的毒性较小,符合保健食品的急性毒性评价标准。     

饲料中主要霉菌毒素液相色谱串联质谱同时测定技术研究进展

饲料中霉菌毒素是我国畜禽养殖业中存在的主要危害因素之一。在饲料中常见、且对动物健康造成严重损害的霉菌毒素有6种,即黄曲霉毒素B1、呕吐毒素、T-2毒素、赭曲霉毒素A、玉米赤霉烯酮、伏马毒素B1。本文全面深入分析了国内外对这6种主要霉菌毒素检测技术的最新研究,对其方法过程和性能特点(提取剂、净化方法、定量方法、回收率等)进行了系统比较,为我国建立饲料中这6种霉菌毒素高效、经济、环境友好的同时检测技术标准提供经验。     

茶树油粕中茶皂素的提取及其对果蔬采后致病菌的抑制作用

以从茶树油粕中提取茶皂素的得率为评价指标,研究提取溶剂、方法、时间、温度和料液比等因素对茶皂素得率的影响,并通过正交试验确定茶皂素最佳提取工艺条件,同时考察了所得茶皂素对几种果蔬采后致病菌的抑制作用。结果表明,茶树油粕中提取茶皂素的最佳工艺条件为:以75%乙醇作为提取溶剂,料液比1∶14(g/mL),85℃热回流提取2.5 h,茶皂素的得率达13.3%,经AB-8大孔吸附树脂纯化后,纯度达95.64%。所获茶皂素对胶胞炭疽菌(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides)、灰葡萄孢霉(Botrytis cinerea)和链格孢菌(Alternaria alternata)菌丝的生长均有显著的抑制作用,半最大效应浓度(EC50)值分别为203.62、165.87和550.61mg·L^-1,其中以对B. cinerea的抑制作用最强。     

Harmonic Analysis and Suppression of High-frequency Welding Devices

This paper analyzes the structure and line current waveform of 3-phase AC voltage regulation circuit. As an application of 3-phase AC voltage regulation circuit, a high-frequency welding device's simulation model and harmonic analysis of line current are presented. Results of simulation are compared to field measurements. The two are in a good agreement, so this simulation model is correct. Two single-tuning filters and one second-order HPF are designed according to the device's harmonic condition. Simulation results of the circuit with filters indicate decrease of the harmonics in current of power supply, and the waveform is close to sinusoidal wave, which prove correctness of the solution to harmonics pollution.     

Development of liquid chromatography mass spectrometry method for analysis of organic N monomers in soil

The aim of this study was to develop an analytical procedure based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC–MS) for analysis of monomeric organic N compounds in soil extracts. To benchmark the developed LC–MS method it was compared with a capillary electrophoresis–mass spectrometry (CE–MS) method recently used for analysis of small organic N monomers in soil. The separation was optimized and analytical performance assessed with 69 purified standards, then the LC–MS method was used to analyse soil extracts. Sixty-two out of 69 standards were analysable by LC–MS with separation on a hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography column. The seven compounds that could not be analysed were strongly cationic polyamines. Limits of detection for a 5 μL injection ranged between 0.002 and 0.38 μmol L⁻¹, with the majority (49 out of 62) having limits of detection better than 0.05 μmol L⁻¹. The overall profile and concentration of small organic N monomers in soil extracts was broadly similar between LC–MS and CE–MS, with the notable exception of four ureides that were detected by LC–MS only. In soil extracts that had been concentrated ten-fold the detection and quantification of (some) organic N compounds was compromised by the presence of large amounts of inorganic salts. The developed LC–MS method offered advantages and disadvantages relative to CE–MS, and a combination of the two methods would achieve the broadest possible coverage of organic N in soil extracts.     

重金属镉对三种潮虫的毒性效应及其回避行为研究

选择潮虫亚目三种常见种:普通卷甲虫Armadillidium vulgare(Latreille,1804),多霜腊鼠妇Porcellionides pruinosus(Brandt,1833)和中华蒙潮虫Mongoloniscus sinensis(Dollfus,1901)为研究对象,以农田自然土壤为实验土壤,人工添加重金属镉(Cd)进行毒理研究。结果表明:(1)急性毒性试验采取滤纸接触法和自然土壤法开展Cd对三种潮虫的急性毒性试验,三者的半致死浓度(LC50)大小关系为:A.vulgareP.pruinosusM.sinensis,说明不同潮虫对Cd的忍耐限度和敏感程度不同。(2)三种潮虫对Cd的富集强弱关系为:M.sinensisP.pruinosusA.vulgare。说明陆生等足类能存活于一定浓度的污染土壤中,但不同潮虫对Cd的富集能力不同。(3)三种潮虫对土壤中Cd均表现出明显的回避行为反应,回避能力大小关系为:A.vulgareP.pruinosusM.sinensis。与急性毒性试验的测试终点LC50相比,潮虫行为测试终点对土壤中重金属镉的反应更为敏感。根据实验结果,中华蒙潮虫体内Cd的富集量随着Cd浓度的增加呈上升趋势,所以其富集能力和耐受性强于普通卷甲虫和多霜腊鼠妇,在将来有望成为土壤重金属污染生物修复的首选动物类群。     

基于RAdam卷积神经网络的水稻生育期图像识别

为了解决现阶段水稻发育期信息的获取主要依靠人工观测的效率低、主观性强等问题,该研究提出一种基于Rectified Adam(RAdam)优化器的ResNet50卷积神经网络图像识别方法,开展水稻关键生育期的自动识别.连续2 a对12块试验田的水稻物候特征进行持续自动拍摄,对采集的水稻图像进行预处理,得到水稻各发育期分类...     

Pesticide toxicity using protozoans as test organisms

Summary A toxicity test using protozoa as test organisms was devised for pesticides. Two different methods were used, the most probable number method and the absorbance method (based on measurement of protozoa growth through absorbance). The ciliates Colpoda cucullus and Blepharisma undulans and the flagellate Oikomonas termo were isolated from different biological starter cultures and tested with the herbicides Chlorex, MCPA, dichlorprop and Matrigon, the fungicide Benlate, and the insecticide Sumicidin. The protozoans showed quite different sensitivities to the pesticides, using 9-h lethal concentrations (LC₅₀ and LC₁₀) as criteria. The 9-h LC₅₀ (concentration at which 50% of the protozeon population has died after 9 h of incubation) ranged from 0.7 ppm for Benlate to 40000 ppm for Chlorex. The usual soil application rates of Chlorex, MCPA, and Benlate were toxic to some of the organisms.