Genomewide association for a dominant pigmentation gene in sheep

Most published genomewide association studies (GWAS) in sheep have investigated recessively inherited monogenic traits. The objective here was to assess the feasibility of performing GWAS for a dominant trait for which the genetic basis was already known. A total of 42 Manchega and Rasa Aragonesa sheep that segregate solid black or white coat pigmentation were genotyped using the SNP50 BeadChip. Previous analysis in Manchegas demonstrated a complete association between the pigmentation trait and alleles of the MC1R gene, setting an a priori expectation for GWAS. Multiple methods were used to identify and quantify the strength of population substructure between black and white animals, before allelic association testing was performed for 49 034 SNPs. Following correction for substructure, GWAS identified the most strongly associated SNP (s26449) was also the closest to the MC1R gene. The finding was strongly supported by the permutation tree‐based random forest (RF) analysis. Importantly, GWAS identified unlinked SNP with only slightly lower p‐values than for s26449. Random forest analysis indicated these were false positives, suggesting interpretation based on both approaches was beneficial. The results indicate that a combined analytical approach can be successful in studies where a modest number of animals are available and substantial population stratification exists.     

陕西黄瓜靶斑病菌鉴定及药剂毒力测定

由Corynespora cassiicola (Berk.＆ Curtis) Wei引起的黄瓜靶斑病是陕西省目前设施栽培中的重要病害之一,需筛选有效防治该病害的药剂。采用形态学和分子生物学方法鉴定黄瓜靶斑病菌,并根据菌丝生长速率法测定10种杀菌剂对黄瓜靶斑病菌的室内毒力效果。毒力测定结果表明,96%咪鲜胺TC、20%苯醚甲环唑ME、30%苯甲·吡唑酯SC、200 g/L氟酰羟·苯甲唑SC、40%氟硅唑EC、26%苯甲·嘧菌酯SC和430 g/L戊唑醇SC对黄瓜靶斑病菌的生长抑制显著,EC₅₀值介于0.124 6 mg/L和25.960 1 mg/L,其中96%咪鲜胺TC对黄瓜靶斑病菌菌丝生长抑制效果最佳,EC₅₀值为0.124 6 mg/L,可用于进一步的田间防效试验。而43%氟菌·肟菌酯SC对黄瓜靶斑病菌菌丝生长抑制效果较差,EC₅₀值为5 974.384 2 mg/L,试验结果表明黄瓜靶斑病菌对氟菌·肟菌酯已有很强的抗药性。     

几种农药对桑椹小粒性菌核病的防治效果试验

桑椹菌核病是果用桑树的重要病害,为高效、安全控制该病对桑果生产的危害,进行了大田农药防治筛选试验。结果表明,70%甲基托布津可湿性粉剂500倍液、50%多菌灵-硫磺粉剂500倍液和1 000倍液对桑椹小粒性菌核病具有较好的防治效果,且对桑叶和桑椹无明显药害;70%甲基托布津粉剂1 000倍液、25%吡唑醚菌酯乳油1 500倍和3 000倍液以及40%嘧霉胺粉剂1 000倍液也有一定的防治效果。     

十种禾草耐寒性的比较研究

通过对十种禾草半致死温度与越冬率的测定,利用最长距离聚类分析方法对其耐寒性进行了综合分析.结果表明,在北京地区耐寒性较强的禾草是草地雀麦、无芒雀麦、苇状羊茅、沙生冰草、长穗偃麦草和猫尾草,耐寒性中等的是紫羊茅、蓝茎冰草和鸭茅,耐寒性最弱的禾草为草芦.     

Chemically and genetically immunocompromised mice are not more susceptible than immunocompetent mice to infection with Cryptosporidium muris

The prevailing paradigm is that immunosuppressed individuals are more susceptible to infection and are at higher risk of infection from Cryptosporidium oocysts if present in drinking water. To test this hypothesis, three immune conditions were examined: genetically immunocompromised T cell deficient CD-1 nude mice, B and T cell deficient Fox Chase CB-17/IcrClB SCID mice, and chemically immunosuppressed C57Bl/6 mice. Chemical immunosuppression was induced with a single subcutaneous injection of methylprednisolone acetate (MPA) at 600 mg/kg. The MPA immunosuppressed C57Bl/6 mice were characterized by a sustained decrease in circulating CD3, CD4 and CD8 T-lymphocytes of greater than 80% and a similar decrease in B-lymphocytes. A sharp rise in circulating mature segmented neutrophils followed MPA injection, dropping sharply after 10-14 days, mirroring the decrease in lymphocytes. The cessation of oocyst production after MPA was not accompanied by a radical rise in circulating CD3 or CD4 T-lymphocytes, but rather a rise in CD8 T-lymphocytes. The ID50 for the MPA immunosuppressed C57Bl/6 mice was 122 oocysts, whereas the ID50 for the C57Bl/6 immunocompetent group was 44. The genetically immunocompromised mice showed similar differences. The ID50 for CD-1 nude mice was 166 oocysts compared to 64 in CD-1 immunocompetent mice. For Fox Chase CB-17/IcrClB SCID and the immunocompetent CB-17 mice, the ID50's were 83 and 60 oocysts, respectively. These results suggest that the lack of an immune response does not increase the ability of C. muris to establish a productive infection and produce oocysts.     

食物颗粒和非食物颗粒对苏云金杆菌以色列亚种生物活性的影响

以埃及伊蚊幼虫为材料,比较了食物和非食物颗粒对苏云金杆菌以色列亚种致病能力的影响,结果表明：食物和非食物性颗粒皆能显著提高伊蚊幼虫对苏云金芽胞杆菌以及色列亚种商品制剂的抵抗力,颗粒物的这种作用与其营养功能无关。     

虎纹捕鸟蛛毒素的提取及毒力的测定

报道了提取广西产虎纹捕鸟蛛 (Selenocosm ia huw ena) 毒素的方法。用冻干蛛毒对小鼠进行腹腔注射, 测定出虎纹捕鸟蛛毒素的LD50 为0.77 m g/kg, LD50的95% 可信限为0.72～0.82 m g/kg, 表明该毒素有很强的毒力。并观察到当用0.30 m g/kg 冻干蛛毒注射小鼠颅内时, 小鼠迅速抽搐5 s后即死亡     

海南岛繁殖加代在大豆辐射育种中的应用研究

用五种剂量＾６０Ｃｏγ射线辐射４个大豆稳定品系的风干种子,研究海南繁殖岛加代在大豆辐射育种中的可行性,结果表明,海南岛种植Ｍ１比北方各上可获得更高的存活率放出现较多的不孕、半不孕植株。北方种植Ｍ１的半致死剂量为１６ＫＲ左右,海南岛种植Ｍ１时可加大剂量至２０ＫＲ。经南方加代后的Ｍ２在成熟期、百粒重及蛋白质含量方面比北方Ｍ１产生的Ｍ２变异幅度更大,出现早熟、大粒、高蛋白质含量植株机率高。     

急性硫化物胁迫对日本沼虾免疫和抗氧化系统的影响

日本沼虾（Macrobrachium nipponense）在硫化物浓度为0.4、1.2和4.0mg/L的水体中暴露48h,研究硫化物胁迫对其血液免疫指标和机体抗氧化能力的影响。结果表明,硫化物对日本沼虾的24、48、72、96hLC50分别为22.5、15.2、12.5、11.35mg/L。血细胞密度（THC）和吞噬活力（吞噬百分比和吞噬指数）随硫化物质量浓度升高而降低,至48h,0.4、1.2和4.0mg/L组的THC显著降低,分别为对照组的85.71%、70.75%和57.48%。各试验组沼虾的凝血时间与对照组相比延长,1.2mg/L和4.0mg/L组分别从12h和6h开始显著长于对照组（P〈0.05）。沼虾肌肉中的总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）随硫化物浓度的升高而降低,至48h,1.2mg/L和4.0mg/L组显著低于对照组（P〈0.05）。超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活力随硫化物浓度的升高而增强,至48h,1.2mg/L和4.0mg/L组的SOD活力显著高于对照组（P〈0.05）,表明日本沼虾免疫系统对低浓度硫化物有一定的耐受力;当硫化物浓度过高时,沼虾的免疫能力降低,对机体抗氧化系统产生显著影响。