四种重金属对罗氏沼虾仔虾的毒性作用

探讨了Cu、Zn、Cr、Cd四种重金属离子对罗氏沼虾仔虾的急性毒性及联合毒性作用。Cu2 + 、Zn2 + 、Cr(Ⅵ )、Cd2 + 对仔虾的 96hLC50 分别为 0 .46 2mg/L、0 .5 80mg/L、0 .114mg/L、0 .0 15mg/L ;急性毒性由强至弱依次为 :Cd2 + >Cr(Ⅵ ) >Cu2 + >Zn2 + ;Cu2 + 和Zn2 + 、Zn2 + 和Cd2 + 对罗氏沼虾仔虾的联合作用表现为拮抗 ,Cu2 + 和Cd2 + 、Cu2 + 和Cr6+ 、Zn2 + 和Cr(Ⅵ )则为协同作用。     

基于韧皮部纤维形态、树皮抗拉伸性能的橡胶树耐寒性研究

为探索不同品种橡胶树幼龄树耐寒性与成龄树枝条韧皮部纤维形态、树皮抗拉伸性能之间的关系,分析不同品种橡胶树耐寒性与其相应生理、生物力学指标的相关性,从而比较不同品种橡胶树耐寒性的差异,以期建立不同品种橡胶树幼龄树茎段与成龄树枝条树皮相应指标之间的联系,并从细胞结构及树皮生物力学角度研究橡胶树耐寒性机理。以热研7-33-97、PB86、IAN873、大丰95、云研77-2等5个橡胶树品种1年生芽接苗茎段及相应品种成龄树2年生枝条树皮为材料,测定低温梯度下茎段韧皮部电导率及枝条韧皮部纤维形态、树皮抗拉伸性能指标,利用Logistic方程确定其低温半致死温度(L_T50)的大小,得出不同品种耐寒性,并采用Spearman相关性分析法,得出LT₅₀与韧皮部纤维形态指标、树皮抗拉伸性能之间的相关性。结果表明,5个橡胶树品种韧皮部相对电导率呈“S”形曲线变化,相对电导率与胁迫温度之间呈极显著负相关,5个品种L_T50分别为-2.075℃、-2.240℃、-1.923℃、-1.900℃、-2.186℃;5个品种纤维长度在2 921.013～...     

优质早籼三系不育系贺50A选育

贺50A是以金23A为母本，中9B／161—5B／金23B的F4代单株为父本，经多代择优回交与选择育成的早籼型三系不育系。该不育系具有不育性稳定，株叶形态好，生育期适中，开花习性好，柱头外露率和异交结实率高，米质较优，配合力强等特点。介绍了贺50A的繁殖制种技术要点。     

Evaluation of cross-protection against three topotypes of serotype O foot-and-mouth disease virus in pigs vaccinated with multi-epitope protein vaccine incorporated with poly(I:C)

Epitope-based vaccines are always questioned for their cross-protection against the antigenically variable foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV). In this study, we proved the cross-protection effect of a multi-epitope vaccine incorporated with poly(I:C) against three topotypes of O type FMDV. A total of 45 naïve pigs were vaccinated with different doses of multi-epitope protein vaccine incorporated with poly(I:C). At 28 days post-vaccination, 45 vaccinated and 6 unvaccinated control pigs (two pigs for each group) were challenged with three topotypes of virulent O type FMDV, namely, O/Mya/98 (Southeast Asia topotype), O/HN/CHA/93 (Cathay topotype) and O/Tibet/CHA/99 (PanAsia topotype) strains. All unvaccinated pigs developed generalised FMD clinical signs. Results showed that all pigs (n = 15) conferred complete protection against the O/Mya/98 and O/HN/CHA/93 FMDV strains, 11 of which were protected against the O/Tibet/CHA/99 FMDV strain. The 50% protective dose values of the vaccine against the O/Mya/98, O/HN/CHA/93 and O/Tibet/CHA/99 FMDV strains were 15.59, 15.59 and 7.05, respectively. Contact challenge experiment showed that transmission occurred from the donors to the unvaccinated but not to vaccinated pigs. These results showed that vaccination with multi-epitope protein vaccine incorporated with poly(I:C) can efficiently prevent FMD in pigs.     

Lack of acute toxicity of an anthraquinone bird repellent to non-target crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) associated with rice-crayfish crop rotations

Aeroz™ (9,10-anthraquinone (AQ)), a chemical rice seed treatment that effectively deters birds from depredating newly planted fields, could be an important management tool that enables rice producers to plant earlier in the season and increase yields. This bird repellent, while non-lethal to birds, has unknown toxicity to crayfish that often are closely integrated with rice production in southern regions of the USA. This study was conducted to assess if AQ, the active ingredient in Aeroz™, could be acutely toxic to the red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii (Girard), the crayfish species most often associated with rice cultivation, via seed ingestion and/or through their contact with chemical in pond water. Mortality data from a 96 h feeding study indicate that AQ-treated (1.76% by wt) rice seed was not acutely toxic to juvenile (∼3 mo.) crayfish through the ingestion exposure route. In addition, a 96 h aquatic acute toxicity test showed that the LC₅₀ of AQ in juvenile crayfish is >85 μg L⁻¹ and above the water solubility limit of AQ. These results indicate that very minimal, if any, acute toxicity would be observed in juvenile crayfish if exposed to AQ via ingestion or dissolved or suspended in the water column.     

H1N1亚型猪流感病毒的生物学特性测定及其HA基因序列分析

测定了A/Swine/Guangdong/1/01(H1N1)猪流感病毒的部分生物学特性;运用RT-PCR方法扩增其HA基因,并对其进行了克隆和序列分析。结果表明,该株病毒的EID50/0.2 mL及TCID50/0.1 mL分别为10-2.3和10-2.1,小鼠感染试验亦说明该病毒具有致病性。序列分析表明,HA基因全长为1 701 bp,与国内外流行株同源性达90.8%~99.0%。     

藁城8901与豫麦50籽粒淀粉粒的粒度分布特征

为研究小麦籽粒发育过程中胚乳淀粉粒形成与粒度分布特征,以小麦品种藁城8901与豫麦50为材料,研究了籽粒胚乳淀粉粒形成、生长与分布特征。结果表明,花后4d,小麦胚乳出现不同范围大小的淀粉粒,最大粒径8μm。花后7d,籽粒中淀粉粒增多增大,最大粒径20μm左右。花后10~14d,淀粉粒体积继续增大,并产生了一个新的小淀粉粒群体。花后17d,淀粉粒以体积增大为主。花后21d,淀粉粒最大粒径较成熟期变化较小。花后24d,小于0.6μm的淀粉粒数目急剧增加,大于0.6μm的淀粉粒数目占比则明显减少,表明这一时期又产生了一个新淀粉粒群体(后期形成的B型淀粉粒)。花后24~28d,小于0.6μm的淀粉粒数目仍不断增加,而直径较大的淀粉粒数目增加减少,表明籽粒中新淀粉粒的产生仍在继续,但以小粒径淀粉粒为主。花后28d至成熟期,最小粒径淀粉粒进一步生长,其他淀粉粒粒径变化相对较小。     

Insights into the Toxicological Properties of a Low Molecular Weight Fraction from Zoanthus sociatus (Cnidaria)

The phylum Cnidaria is an ancient group of venomous animals, specialized in the production and delivery of toxins. Many species belonging to the class Anthozoa have been studied and their venoms often contain a group of peptides, less than 10 kDa, that act upon ion channels. These peptides and their targets interact with high affinity producing neurotoxic and cardiotoxic effects, and even death, depending on the dose and the administration pathway. Zoanthiniaria is an order of the Subclass Hexacorallia, class Anthozoa, and unlike sea anemone (order Actiniaria), neither its diversity of toxins nor the in vivo effects of the venoms has been exhaustively explored. In this study we assessed some toxicological tests on mice with a low molecular weight fraction obtained by gel filtration in Sephadex G-50 from Zoanthus sociatus crude extract. The gel filtration chromatogram at 280 nm revealed two major peaks, the highest absorbance corresponding to the low molecular weight fraction. The toxicological effects seem to be mostly autonomic and cardiotoxic, causing death in a dose dependent manner with a LD₅₀ of 792 μg/kg. Moreover, at a dose of 600 μg/kg the active fraction accelerated the KCl-induced lethality in mice.     

茶多酚解酒作用的实验研究

本研究以乙醇致醉的酒醉小鼠为研究对象，观察了小鼠酒醉时的兴奋性、共济失调能力以及其乙醇半数致死量(LD50)；并以食用茶多酚后30min再以酒精灌胃的各项指标进行比较。结果显示：茶多酚能够有效抑制小鼠的兴奋性，降低其共济失调能力，提高其乙醇半数致死量。这表明茶多酚对实验性小鼠有显的解酒作用。     

Disulphide structure of high-molecular-weight (HMW-) gliadins as affected by terminators

This study aimed at elucidating SS-bonds of HMW-gliadins (HGL) from wheat with the focus on terminators of glutenin polymerisation. HGL from wheat flour extracts non-treated or treated with the S-alkylation reagent N-ethylmaleinimide (NEMI) were compared. HGL from wheat flour Akteur were isolated, hydrolysed with thermolysin and the resulting peptides pre-separated by gel permeation chromatography and analysed by liquid chromatography/mass-spectrometry using alternating electron transfer dissociation/collision-induced dissociation. Altogether, 22 and 28 SS-peptides from samples without and with NEMI treatment, respectively, were identified. Twenty-six peptides included standard SS-bonds of α- and γ-gliadins, high-molecular-weight and low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits. Eleven SS-bonds were identified for the first time. Fifteen peptides unique to HGL contained cysteine residues from gliadins with an odd number of cysteines (ω5-, α- and γ-gliadins). Thus, gliadins with an odd number of cysteines, glutathione and cysteine had acted as terminators of glutenin polymerisation. Decisive differences between samples without and with NEMI treatment were not obvious showing that the termination of polymerisation was already completed in the flour. The two HGL samples, however, were different in the majority of ten peptides that included disulphide-linked low-molecular-weight (LMW) thiols such as glutathione and cysteine with the former being enriched in the non-treated HGL-sample.