基于清洁生产的工业原料林采伐利用

在工业原料林采伐利用中,为达到既有利于企业提高经济效益又有利于森林生态环境的保护,实现森林资源和林业的可持续发展的目的。以清洁生产的理念为指导,介绍了清洁生产的内涵和目标,提出了工业原料林采伐利用中实现清洁生产的建议和对策。     

原料基地的战略价值研究--期权定价模型的应用

在市场风险下 ,加工企业控制一定比例的原料供应 ,相当于购买了一种期权 ,这种期权对林工联合体有着不可忽视的战略价值 ,它可大大减少加工企业的市场风险暴露。本文应用期权定价模型对这种战略价值进行定量研究 ,敏感分析表明 :当木材市场价格水平、长期资本利率水平越高 ,木材价格波动率越大 ,加工企业拥有原料基地的战略价值越大。期权定价模型的应用为正确认识原料基地的战略价值 ,分析木材限额采伐政策等提供了良好的基础。     

观光木人工林驯化栽培试验和系统生产力研究

本文对观光木驯化栽培环节中的采种、育苗、造林、管抚等摸索了一定的经验,并用分层切割法测定10年生样本地上部分各器官的生物量,用壕沟法测定地下部分根系的生物量。结果表明:10年生林分生物量为55.03t/hm~2,其中乔木层为53.035t/hm~2(占96.37%),乔木层中树干、枝、叶和根系分别为37.91t/hm~2、6.17t/hm~2、2.21t/hm~2和6.75t/hm~2。18年生解析木数据表明:胸径、树高和材积速生期分别出现在4—12年、5—7年和第14年。     

马尾松-木荷混交造林效果的调查研究

我国南方立地条件差的低丘岗地,营造马尾松纯林易遭病虫危害,水土流失严重,林地肥力降低,难于成材,为此,对江西高安县9年生马尾松-木荷混交林及其纯林进行了综合调查研究,设立标准地,进行林分生长量、生物量、叶面积、根系、土壤、植被、病虫害、枯落物、水土流失、小气候等观测研究。结果表明,混交林的树高、胸径、每公顷立木蓄积量分别比纯松林大30 9%、31 7%、10 7%,生物量是纯松林的2 24倍,枯落物是纯松、荷林的3 37、1 96倍,病虫害的株发生率、水土流失、小气候等的改善均优于纯松林。松 荷混交林是我国亚热带地区,尤其是低丘岗地上值得推广的优良针阔混交类型。在生产上,建议进行株间、行间或小块状混交,或星散状混交,马尾松、木荷混交比例为5～3∶1,初植株行距为1 2m×1 2m、1 5m×1 5m或2m×2m,密度为4440～6944株·hm-2。     

红松高生长模型的研究(英文)

高生长模型是定量研究树木生长过程的有效途径,本文应用双曲线方程、Logistic方程、三个参数的Richards方程及四个参数的Richards方程对红松的高生长进行了研究。结果表明四个参数的Richards方程在模拟红松高生长时最为合适,且当其参数取不同的数值时,该方程可转化为其它理论方程。在使用四个参数的Richards方程时,可根据立地条件事先给定树高最大值,这样可使模型更符合实际情况。此外,文中还对一种以固定年龄时实际树高为参数值的模型进行了讨论,该模型对于计算给定树木的高生长将更为有效。     

Ultrasonographic evaluation of renal dimension and resistive index in clinically healthy Korean domestic short-hair cats

Renal length, height, width, resistive index (RI), size of cortex, and medulla were determined by renal ultrasonography in 50 healthy Korean domestic short-hair cats. In the sagittal plane, the renal length was 3.83 ± 0.51 cm (mean ± SD) in the left kidney and 3.96 ± 0.48 cm in the right kidney, whereas the renal height was 2.42 ± 0.27 cm in the left kidney and 2.36 ± 0.28 cm in the right kidney. In the transverse plane, the renal height was 2.42 ± 0.28 cm in the left kidney and 2.38 ± 0.27 cm in the right kidney, whereas the renal width was: 2.65 ± 0.35 cm in the left kidney and 2.63 ± 0.31 cm in the right kidney. In the dorsal plane, the renal length was 3.84 ± 0.53 cm in the left kidney and 3.97 ± 0.54 cm in the right kidney, whereas the renal width was 2.65 ± 0.34 cm in the left kidney and 2.66 ± 0.33 cm in the right kidney. There were no significant differences (p > 0.05) among the same structure sizes measured in different planes. In the sagittal plane, the size of the renal cortex was 0.47 ± 0.08 cm in the left kidney and 0.47 ± 0.08 cm in the right kidney, whereas of the size of the renal medulla was 0.55 ± 0.30 cm in the left kidney and 0.50 ± 0.07 cm in the right kidney. RI evaluated by pulsed wave Doppler sonography was 0.52 ± 0.05 in the left kidney and 0.55 ± 0.05 in the right kidney. The actual renal dimensions determined by gross examination were not statistically different from those determined by ultrasonography. Furthermore the renal dimensions and RI were statistically correlated to the body weight of cats.     

Selection, propagation and cultivation of Pinus massoniana clones for pulp use

Based on the growth, wood property of the ortets, and rooting abilities of cuttings, 32 Pinus massoniana clones for pulp use were selected from forests of superior provenance, mixed families, and progeny test of seed orchard by two-step selection. The average height and DBH growth of three-year-old clones were 28.6% and 16.7%, respectively, higher than those from seedlings, and average gain of wood density reached 8.7%. Rooting rate of all these clones was over 80%, 28% higher than the clones selected by a single step. A cutting orchard of 0.33 hm² on the hillside was constructed to intensively produce cuttings according to the tests on construction methods, pruning, and fertilization. A total of 50,000 grade I, 37,500 grade II, and 62,500 grade III cuttings were collected per hectare of this cutting orchard each time, and were cut three times each year. With all the above techniques, 48 hm² of clonal forests for pulp use of those clones had been planted in five places in Fujian Province. Container stecklings are more likely to increase the planting survival rate. __________ Translated from Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2004, 40(1): 64–69 [译自: 林业科学]     

杉木人工林不同发育阶段土壤微生物数量及其生物量的变化

土壤微生物参与土壤中多种生物化学反应,如矿化-同化、氧化-还原等,是植物营养转化、有机碳代谢及污染物降解的驱动力,在土壤肥力演变,尤其是养分循环中具有重要意义。土壤微生物生物量是指除了植物根系和体积大于5×103μm3的土壤动物以外的土壤中所有活的有机体的量(Paulet a     

四种不同种植模式茶园节肢动物的群落组成

为了解浙江省不同种植模式茶园节肢动物的群落组成,于2013—2014年对松阳县4种茶园的节肢动物群落数量、时空格局和茶丛上层益害生物比及其动态进行了调查。结果表明:林间茶园害虫、天敌物种数和总物种数显著大于其它3种茶园;林间茶园天敌个体数最多,丰产茶园害虫个体数和总个体数最多。在垂直分布上,天敌个体数在母穗园、林间茶园中以上层最多,在丰产茶园和两行密植茶园中以中层最多;害虫个体数在丰产茶园、母穗园和林间茶园以中层最多,在两行密植茶园以下层最多,分别占其全株的60%、56%、42%和51%;4种茶园益害个体数比皆以上层最多。在水平分布上,害虫个体数在丰产茶园、两行密植茶园、林间茶园皆以朝北方向最多,分别占其全株的35.0%、26.0%和26.3%;害虫个体数以茶丛内层较多,天敌个体数以外层较多;地上部分林间茶园益害个体数比约是丰产茶园的2倍。表明种植模式可改变群落空间格局和益害比。