魔芋葡甘聚糖在板栗保鲜中的应用

2002年10月—2003年4月,在西北农林科技大学林学院进行了魔芋葡甘聚糖保鲜板栗试验,通过四种处理对比,结果为,0.3%的魔芋葡甘聚糖水溶液和0.3%的魔芋葡甘聚糖水溶液 0.2%的丙酸钙两个处理分别比对照降低呼吸强度53.7%、54.1%,减少水分损耗34.1%、41.3%,处理后的板栗在0~2℃条件下贮藏6个月后无霉坏发生,保鲜效果较好。     

饲料中添加两种寡糖和一种芽孢杆菌对牙鲆肠道菌群的影响

在饲料中单独或联合添加果寡糖（FOS）、甘露寡糖（MOS）和克劳氏芽孢杆菌Bacillus clausii,共配制8种试验饲料,分别为对照组（不添加寡糖和芽孢杆菌）、5 g/kg FOS（F组）、5 g/kg MOS（M组）、2.5 g/kg FOS＋2.5 g/kg MOS（FM组）、107CFU/gB.clausii（B组）、5 g/kg FOS＋107CFU/gB.clausii（FB组）、5 g/kg MOS＋107CFU/gB.clausii（MB组）和2.5 g/kg FOS＋2.5 g/kg MOS＋107CFU/gB.clausii（FMB组）。用8种饲料饲喂牙鲆Paralichthys olivaceus56 d后,取牙鲆肠道用2216E琼脂培养基培养肠道细菌,并进行16S rRNA基因测序鉴定。结果表明：从各组牙鲆肠道中共检出细菌11种,其中共有细菌为表皮葡萄球菌Staphylococcus epidermidis、弗尼斯弧菌Vibrio furnissii、鲍氏不动杆菌Acinetobacter bau-mannii、溶酪大球菌Macrococcus caseolyticus、铅黄肠球菌Macrococcus caseolyticus和施氏假单胞菌Pseudo-monas stutzeri;各试验组（除B组外）肠道可培养细菌总数低于对照组,且FMB组最低;各试验组（B组除外）的表皮葡萄球菌、弗尼斯弧菌数、鲍氏不动杆菌和溶酪大球菌数明显低于对照组;F组、M组和FM组肠道优势菌与对照组基本相似,B组、FB组和FMB组的优势菌与对照组差异较大;各试验组的铅黄肠球菌和施氏假单胞菌比例均大幅度高于对照组。在试验饲料中添加FOS、MOS和B.clausii可不同程度地抑制牙鲆肠道病原菌,有利于改善牙鲆肠道健康,且寡糖与B.clausii联合使用表现出一定的协同作用。     

魔芋干制工艺参数的优化研究

应用多目标非线性优化理论与方法,对魔芋片单层热风干燥实验所得魔芋甘露聚糖、干燥速率、能耗回归模型进行了多目标综合优化研究与分析,得到魔芋优质、高效、节能干燥工艺参数为:风温81℃,风速1.4m/s,片厚5mm。     

甘露寡糖对围产期奶牛瘤胃微生物区系的影响

试验旨在研究饲粮中添加不同水平的甘露寡糖(MOS)对荷斯坦奶牛围产后期瘤胃微生物区系的影响.选取60头荷斯坦奶牛,随机分4组,每组15头.对照组饲喂基础饲粮,低、中、高剂量组分别在基础饲粮基础上添加5、10、15 g/(头·d)MOS.结果 显示,随着MOS添加量的增加,奶牛产后21 d瘤胃液中微生物蛋白含量、总挥发性...     

红法夫酵母甘露聚糖的提取与鉴定

酸性条件下高温高压水解红法夫酵母,然后经冷甲醇、十六烷基三甲基溴代铵(CTAB)、乙醇多级沉淀及Sephadex G-150纯化、干燥后,得到白色提取物粉末,采用红外光谱、紫外扫描、气相色谱进行分析,确定粉末为甘露聚糖,其得率为8.3%,甘露聚糖中甘露糖与葡萄糖含量之比为4:1,并含有一定量的结合蛋白.     

Combined effects of dietary mannan oligosaccharides and total fish oil substitution by soybean oil on European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juvenile diets

This study evaluates the effects of dietary mannan oligosaccharides (MOS) on growth, tissue composition, fatty acid profiles and liver morphology of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) fed diets containing either soybean oil (SBO; SBOMOS) or fish oil (FO; FOMOS) as unique oil source for 8 weeks. Results showed that MOS supplementation enhanced specific growth rate, regardless of the oil source used, and that dietary oil source reduced fish length, regardless of dietary MOS supplementation. Dietary MOS favoured lipid accumulation in muscle and anterior intestine when supplemented in FO‐based diets compared to fish fed SBO diet and reduces it in liver in relation to lower hepatocyte area, particularly in fish fed SBOMOS diet. Dietary MOS favoured liver and not muscular ∑n‐3 PUFA, DHA, EPA and ARA deposition, when combined with FO but not when included in SBO‐based diets. Thus, MOS dietary supplementation favours fish performance and helps to minimize the side effects derived from high dietary SBO supplementation on liver lipid accumulation and hepatocyte vacuolization, which could be of especial interest on long‐term feeding trials; however, the effects on favoured deposition ∑n‐3 PUFA are limited to FO‐based diets.     

Effects on mortality and stress response in European sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax (L.), fed mannan oligosaccharides (MOS) after Vibrio anguillarum exposure

The effects of dietary mannan oligosaccharides (MOS; 4 g kg^?1; Bio‐Mos, Alltech Inc, USA) in diets for European sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax (L.), juveniles in relation to disease and stress resistance, combining intestinal infection with Vibrio anguillarum and stress challenge by confinement, were assessed in this study. After 8 weeks of MOS supplementation, fish were exposed to a pathogen challenge test against V. anguillarum by direct gut inoculation combined with a confinement stressor panel. Cumulative mortality of fish fed MOS caused by anally inoculated V. anguillarum decreased from 66% to 12.5% and from 54.1% to 25% in infected and infected + stressed fish, respectively, compared to fish fed control diet. Results for European sea bass revealed a positive effect of MOS dietary inclusion on disease resistance, in terms of cumulative mortality, against gut inoculated V. anguillarum, as well as reduced effects of stress on microbiota diversity. Both of these findings, together with the enhanced innate immune response and the higher gut mucus production and density of eosinophil granulocytes in gut mucosa obtained in previous studies after MOS supplementation ( Torrecillas et al. 2007, 2011a,b ) suggest that general reinforcement of the innate immune system, and particularly of the intestinal barrier efficiency, is the main defence mechanism of European sea bass fed MOS against pathogenic microorganisms.     

魔芋软腐病拮抗菌BJ-1的鉴定

[目的]为魔芋软腐病的生物防治提供理论基础。[方法]采用平板对峙培养法从健、病魔芋植株及其根际土壤中进行拮抗菌的初筛和复筛,对筛选出的魔芋软腐病拮抗菌BJ-1进行形态学观察和生理生化鉴定。[结果]从发病植株中分离获得的BJ-1对魔芋软腐病有较强的拮抗作用,拮抗带宽度达10 mm。复筛试验表明,内生拮抗菌BJ-1具有广谱抗菌活性,对软腐病原菌的拮抗作用最强,拮抗带宽度达12 mm。形态学观察、生理生化试验发现BJ-1与芽孢杆菌属细菌的形态学特征和生理生化性状相似,初步认为魔芋软腐病拮抗菌BJ-1为芽孢杆菌属细菌。[结论]魔芋软腐病拮抗菌BJ-1为芽孢杆菌属细菌,对软腐病原菌有强拮抗作用。