不同方法处理对4种野生草种发芽率的影响

试验采用了酸、碱、有机试剂、植物激素、热水浸泡、超声波以及擦破种皮等11种方法对4种野生草种进行处理。结果表明:所有方法处理对马唐的种子萌发均没有显著影响(P0.05);野豌豆种子在擦破种皮处理下,发芽率从1.11%提高到96.67%,达到极显著水平(P0.01),其他处理对野豌豆种子发芽率均无明显影响(P0.05);香附子和稗草种子在20%NaOH的方法处理下,发芽率分别从10%和2.22%提高到86.67%和58.33%,均达到极显著水平(P0.01);此外,1 000mg/L赤霉素浸种处理也可极显著提高香附子种子的发芽率(P0.01)。其他方法处理对香附子和稗草种子发芽率均无明显影响(P0.05)。不同野生草种的休眠特性不同,试验选用的马唐种子无休眠性;野豌豆种子需物理破皮;20%的NaOH和1 000mg/L赤霉素处理可打破香附子种子休眠;20%的NaOH处理能打破稗草种子休眠。     

Syphacia (Syphacia) maxomyos sp. n. (Nematoda: Oxyuridae) from Maxomys spp. (Rodentia: Muridae) from Sulawesi and Sumatra,Indonesia

The present report describes Syphacia (Syphacia) maxomyos sp. n. (Nematoda: Oxyuridae) from two species of spiny rats, Maxomys musschenbroekii from Sulawesi and M. whiteheadi from Sumatra. It is characterized by a cephalic plate extending laterally with dorsoventral constriction and stumpy eggs with an operculum rim reaching pole. It is readily distinguishable by the former feature from all of hitherto known representatives of this genus in Indonesia, but it resembles parasites in Murini and Hydromyni rodents in continental Asia and Sahul. This is the first Syphacia species distributed in both the Sunda Shelf and Sulawesi with the exception of Syphacia muris, a cosmopolitan pinworm found in rodents of the of genus Rattus. It is surmised that S. maxomyos is specific to Maxomys and that it was introduced to Sulawesi by dispersal of some Maxomys from the Sunda Shelf.     

高原鼠兔干扰对达乌里秦艽繁殖特征的影响

高原鼠兔(Ochotona curzoniae)通过掘土和采食等行为对高寒草甸产生广泛的影响,从而影响高寒草甸植物的繁殖特征。本研究以高山嵩草(Kobresia pygmaea)草甸达乌里秦艽(Gentiana dahurica)为对象,采用野外调查法研究了高原鼠兔干扰对其繁殖特征的影响。结果表明,随着高原鼠兔干扰水平的增大,达乌里秦艽的地上生物量、株高、茎叶比、生殖枝数、营养枝数、花序数、花序生物量和单株种子产量均呈增加态势。干扰水平为Ⅰ(112±32)个·hm-2和Ⅱ(192±48)个·hm-2时,达乌里秦艽所同化的物质主要分配于同化器官叶中,以保证种群的生存;当干扰水平增大到Ⅲ(352±64)个·hm-2和Ⅳ(608±48)个·hm-2时,达乌里秦艽将其所同化的物质更多地分配于生殖生长,形成更多的生殖枝数、花序数和单株种子产量,从而提高了达乌里秦艽的繁殖能力,一定程度上解析了高原鼠兔过度干扰劣化高山嵩草草甸放牧品质的途径。     

The potential drivers in forming avian biodiversity hotspots in the East Himalaya Mountains of Southwest China

Little has been published to describe or interpret Asian biodiversity hotspots, including those in the East Himalayan Mountains of Southwest China (HMSC), thus making necessary a review of the current knowledge. The Pliocene and Pleistocene geological and glacial histories of the Asian continent differ from those of Europe and North America, suggesting different mechanisms of speciation and extinction, and, thus, different responses to climate changes during the Quaternary glaciations. This short review summarizes potential drivers in shaping and maintaining high species richness and endemism of birds in the HMSC. The geographical location at the junction of different biogeographical realms, the wide range of habitats and climates along the extensive elevational range, the complex topography and the distinct geological history of this region have probably contributed to the evolution of an exceptionally species‐rich and endemic‐rich, specialized montane avian fauna. The Mountain systems in the HMSC may have provided refugia where species survived during the glacial periods and barriers for preventing species dispersal after the glacial periods. More studies are required to further test this refugia hypothesis by comparing more cold‐tolerent and warm‐tolerent species.     

云南省极小种群野生植物保护的优先度分析

我国于1997～2003年完成第1次全国重点保护野生植物资源调查后,为加强珍稀濒危和重点保护野生植物的保护,提出了“极小种群野生植物”的概念。随着极小种群野生植物概念和保护方法的完善,保护行动取得了显著进展,并陆续提出了各种不同的极小种群野生植物名录。本文在总结2005～2013年间云南省和国家林业局提出的所有极小种群野生植物名录基础上,分析了各极小种群野生植物名录的起源和关系,并对保护名录中的物种进行逐个比较。最后,结合国家和省的保护需求,将云南省77种极小种群野生植物分成5级,按优先度实施保护行动：第一批优先保护10个物种,第二批优先保护13个物种,第三批保护15个物种,第四批保护10个物种,第五批保护29个物种,为云南省极小种群野生植物保护提供了指导和参考。     

区域物流中外来物种入侵问题研究

从区域物流发展差异视角探究物流经济发展差异导致生态环境变化,其与外来生物入侵的耦合性,揭示人类活动与外来物种入侵的一般演化规律。基于实际调查和统计资料数据,探讨中国外来物种入侵的时空变化,并进行地区之间的比较分析。利用多元回归法分析影响外来物种入侵的主要物流经济因素,并定量分析各因素的影响程度。最后,基于区域物流可持续发展的理念与战略,提出外来入侵物种的控制策略及公共管理政策,保障国家生态安全、农业生产安全、人民群众身体健康、减少农民经济损失。     

蹄耕法改良山地退化草地技术应用研究

采用人工撒播、羊喂播,牛、羊背播等方法结合家畜放牧蹄耕技术,在新疆坡度较大无法进行机械作业的山地退化草地进行补播改良,试验结果表明:放牧蹄耕法技术改良最适宜的草地类型为山地草甸草原。最佳补播时期为早春播种,最适合牧草品种为红豆草;最好的补播方法为人工撒播,最适宜坡度为20°为好。通过蹄耕法改良后,草地植被覆盖度在原有的基础上最高提高了35%,优质牧草比重增加了25%,鲜草产量提高了3~4倍。