南京牛首山森林公园植被恢复与景观改造策略

南京牛首山森林公园地处亚热带中部,植被以常绿阔叶和落叶阔叶混交林为主。因人类活动频繁和过度开发造成该地区植被的次生性很强。对其植被的生态恢复应采取人工促进天然更新的方法,促使其顺行演替。应突出“春牛首”的主题,采取有效措施对该森林公园进行景观改造。     

江河源区植被分区

按照植物群落学—生态学原则,将江河源区的天然植被划分为森林植被区、灌木与灌丛植被区、草原植被区、草甸植被区、荒漠植被区和湿地植被区6个区,并分析了各植被区的分布范围及其优势种。     

滇池水生植被调查

对滇池水生植被的调查结果表明：现有水生植物15种，分布面积约为滇池总面积的6．8％；与20世纪60年代至80年代的分布情况相比较，可从水生植物的变化滥测滇池水体的污染程度。     

小兴安岭东北部植被组成的生活型及生活型谱分析

以小兴安岭东北地区的植被为对象，采用无样地抽样中的点四分法和样方法对群落的乔木、灌木和草本进行调查研究，从而得出各类植物生活型在不同气候条件下的变化规律：（１）随着群落类型由热带→温带→寒温带的变化，表现出高位芽植物呈递减趋势，而地面芽植物呈递增趋势的地带性变化规律；（２）在本区随着植被型由森林→灌木→草甸→沼泽的过渡变化，高位芽植物和地上芽植物的生活型百分率呈递减趋势，而地面芽植物和地下芽植物是与该地区气候特点相适应的优势生活型种类     

南疆植被总初级生产力对区域降水的响应规律

为研究总初级生产力(Gross primary productivity,GPP)对区域降水的响应规律,本研究通过对南疆地区喀什、阿克苏、和田3个市2000—2014年的GPP进行分析,得出GPP的时空分布规律,进而与2000—2011年同期的降水进行耦合分析,以探寻植被GPP与降水之间的响应关系,从而为南疆地区植被生态保持和可持续发展提供依据。结果表明:1)从时间尺度来看,GPP呈现出与季节相关的波动性,年均GPP的极值点基本出现在每年的7月;2)在空间分布上,和田地区的GPP在空间上呈现北低南高的空间格局,阿克苏地区的GPP呈现北高南低的空间格局,并且在数值上存在较大的差异性,喀什地区的GPP呈现北高南低的空间格局,西北部GPP分布比较集中并有较高的值;3)变化趋势上,和田地区呈现上升趋势、阿克苏地区整体比较稳定、喀什地区呈现上升的趋势;4)研究区域内GPP与降水之间均为正相关关系。当降水滞后1个月时,和田及喀什GPP与降水之间的相关系数显著提高,但是阿克苏地区没有表现出时滞性,说明响应关系更加明显。     

中国东北地区白桦林植被生态学的研究──桦属植物与中国白桦林的地理分布

阐明了桦属植物在中国的地理分布特点,白桦（ＢｅｔｕｌａｐｌａｔｙｐｈｙｌａＳｕｋ．）的分类学位置及分布,以白桦及其变种为优势种的森林植被的水平与垂直分布;分析了桦属植物在全球范围内组成植被的特征：①桦属狭域种是北方林线的重要组分．②桦属植物是植被动态中比较活跃的组分,表现为桦属植物多是次生植被的先锋组分,多为超地带性植被的组分,桦属广域分布种多是植被交错区的组分．     

基于AutoCAD的数字化植被图制作方法

以1／10000的车八岭地形图底图为基础，基于AutoCAD制作了车八岭国家级自然保护区的植被景观生态旅游图．在此基础上归纳出基于AutoCAD制作数字化植被图的一般方法，并探讨了关键的技术问题.     

朝阳地区植被演替及封育类型

朝阳地区在200年前林草茂盛，后经乱砍滥伐，使森林受到严重摧残，生态环境发生急剧变化，在闪生演替过程中，决定次生演替性质，方向和速度仍然是人为活动，由于环境的破坏程度不同，不同立地反应了次生演替的不同阶段，如果消除破坏因素，命名适生区生境的群落得以复生，依据更新 树种与立地相关关系，通过数量化理论分析，影响更新主导因子有坡向，土厚，坡位，母岩和海拔，按立地与更新树种双因子法划分出7种封育类型。     

Two-year development of southern pine seedlings and associated vegetation following spray-and-burn site preparation with imazapyr alone or in mixture with other herbicides

Eight herbicide combinations containing imazapyr alone or in mixture with glyphosate, triclopyr, or picloram+2,4-D were applied July–August 1991 at each of three upland sites in the southeastern U.S., with or without a subsequent broadcast burn in September. Seedlings of loblolly (Pinus taeda L.) or slash (P. elliottii Engelm. var. elliottii) pine were planted that winter. Second-year (August 1993) vegetation responses indicate that broadcast burning, in combination with herbicides, was associated with increased abundances of grasses, forbs, and shrubs and decreased abundances of vines and hardwood trees. In the presence of burning, imazapyr-in-mixture treatments were associated with a high abundance of grass (53% cover) and a mean size of pines less than that of seedlings growing in imazapyr-alone treatments. In the absence of burning, imazapyr-alone treatments were associated with a high abundance of blackberry (21% cover), an average height of hardwoods (131 cm) exceeding that of pines (71 cm), and a mean size of pines less than that of trees growing in imazapyr-in-mixture treatments. Hardwood height in the absence of burning was less when imazapyr was combined with glyphosate (75 cm) than with triclopyr (102 cm). Regardless of the presence or absence of burning, size of pines and abundance of shrubs and hardwoods did not differ between imazapyr rates of 0.56 and 0.84 kg acid equivalent/ha or among herbicides applied in mixture with imazapyr.     

Microbial biomass and activity along a natural pH gradient in forest soils in a karst region of the upper Yangtze River,China

Mountain closure, considered an effective and economic measure for natural restoration of degraded forest ecosystems, has been widely carried out in the karst region of southwest China. The aim of this study was to evaluate microbial aspects of soil quality after mountain closure by analyzing soil microbial biomass, basal respiration, metabolic quotient, and relationships with basic chemical properties in Guizhou Province, a karst region of the upper Yangtze River. Soil quality was considered poor from the low levels of microbial biomass carbon (MBC), nitrogen (MBN), and microbial quotient (MBC/total C and MBN/total N), but high metabolic quotient (qCO₂). Soil pH, showing marked variation from 4.1 to 7.9 in this karst region, was proved to significantly affect soil microbial biomass and activity. Soil microbial biomass, microbial quotient, and soil basal respiration declined significantly with decreasing soil pH, while qCO₂ showed an apparently increasing, but not statistically significant, trend. The changes in microbial biomass and activity following the change in soil pH could possibly be because of a change in soil microbial composition, and more detailed research is necessary. Compared with soil pH, soil organic matter content was another, more important, factor that directly restricted microbial growth because of the serious loss as a result of disturbance. As a practical application based on microbial aspects, introduction of some N-fixing tree species may be an active and effective measure to improve soil fertility and thus to accelerate restoration of the forest ecosystem in the karst region.