Influence of felling season,drying method and within-tree location on the brinell hardness and equilibrium moisture content of wood from 27–35-year-old Betula pendula

The Brinell hardness and equilibrium moisture content (EMC) were measured from thinning-aged silver birch wood. Wood material both from the trees harvested in the first commercial thinning and from trees remaining on site after the thinning was included. The average Brinell hardness was 19.40 MPa. It correlated significantly with the basic density of wood. With respect to the distance from the pith, the Brinell hardness of air-dried wood was higher than that of artificially dried wood. The average EMC of the conditioned (20°C, 65% relative humidity) wood was 12.0%. The EMC of the wood also varied, with the EMC being higher for air-dried wood than for kiln-dried wood. EMC was the highest at a distance of 30–40 mm from the pith, decreasing towards both pith and log surface. Seasonal variation in both the Brinell hardness and the EMC of the wood was found. It was presumed to be a consequence of season-dependent physiological changes in trees.     

我国南方食用菌原料林培育研究进展

香菇等食用菌在我国具有近千年的栽培历史，是山区经济发展的重要产业，食用菌原料林的培育对于以阔叶权赤原食用菌产业持续发展意义重大。本文重点对食用菌原料林树种的优选、人促更新定向培育、主要原料林树种的丰产栽培以及其采种基地建设等进行述评。根据食用菌原料林培育研究现状和存在问题，提出进一步发展的技术对策和今后的研究重点，包括主要原料树树的种的良种选育和扩繁技术、育苗技术、松杉林冠下造林技术和多种食用菌原料林树种混植技术、二代食用菌原料林的萌芽更新技术等。     

刨花干燥方法的研究

通过对刨花干燥方法的研究，为人们选择合理的干燥方法、提高刨花的干燥质量及节约能源提供依据。     

木醋液对桃蚜生长繁殖的急慢性效应

为了明确木醋液对桃蚜短、长期影响,以桃蚜为试虫,用100倍稀释木醋液处理小白菜饲养蚜虫,测得桃蚜繁殖发育数据.结果 显示,木醋液处理显著缩短桃蚜繁殖期,而F1代繁殖期比F0代繁殖期延长37％;F0代和F1代产蚜总量与对照组相比分别降低62％和66％;处理组F1代和F2代的存活率比对照组降低23％和24％,但F1代和F2...     

白皮松组织培养研究

为建立高效的再生体系,以白皮松成熟胚,子叶为外植体,经过初代培养和继代增殖培养,研究了不同植物生长调节剂种类及浓度、活性炭、GA3在组培各阶段的作用。结果表明：适合子叶诱导芽的培养基为MS+6-BA 3 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L+TDZ 0.01 mg/L,适合胚诱导芽的培养基为MS+6-BA 2 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L;适宜的继代培养基为MS+NAA 0.05 mg/L;以预处理胚（切除下胚轴）为外植体适宜生根培养基为1/2MS+IBA 0.3 mg/L;活性炭对芽增殖无显著作用,随活性炭浓度提高增殖系数有下降趋势;适量的活性炭和GA3可有效促进芽伸长。     

无卡轴式木材产品在线旋切系统的设计

为改变木材加工企业圆木旋切工艺现状、提高旋切设备自动化水平、拓宽加工范围、提高企业竞争力。运用集成制造系统的设计理论,提出了一种木材产品在线旋切系统的总体设计方案。在分析了在线旋切系统软、硬件组成和工作方式的基础上,剖析了无卡轴旋切机的结构特点,提出了新的旋切公式,建立了驱动辊变速进给的数学模型,设计了以PLC为控制核心的变频调速控制系统,为在线旋切系统的设计生产提供了指导方向与理论基础。进行了系统的在线生产测试,测试结果表明:可加工范围为厚度0.3～3.7mm的单板,圆木利用率达95%以上,出板线速度达27m/min,单板误差厚度小于0.03mm。在满足加工精度前提下,能够提高旋切速度,与上下游设备协调良好,满足木材加工企业现场的生产需要。     

天然木粉在包裹控释尿素上的应用

为探究木质纤维素类有机物在缓/控释肥上的应用效果,采用静水浸泡法,研究了3种天然木粉包裹控释尿素(CRU20、CRU25、CRU30)在常温条件下的养分释放规律,以及不同温度、pH值和水肥比对控释尿素养分释放规律的影响。结果表明:1)包裹控释尿素的缓释期随着包裹量的增大而变长,CRU20、CRU25、CRU30的理论缓释期分别为36、54,121d,不同的包裹量表现出不同的释放曲线模式。2)氮素释放速率受温度和pH值的影响较大,不同水肥比的差异不明显。3)包裹控释尿素释放机理为"崩溃"机制。天然木粉包裹控释尿素具有很好的推广应用价值。     

Effect of temperature on the mineralization of C and N of fresh and mature compost in sandy material

Information about the mineralization rate of compost at various temperatures is a precondition to optimize mineral N fertilization and to minimize N losses in compost‐amended soils. Objectives were to quantify the influence of the temperature on the mineralization rate and leaching of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and nitrogen (DON), NO₃^—, and NH₄⁺ from a fresh (C : N = 15.4) and a mature (C : N = 9.2) organic household waste compost. Compost samples were mixed with quartz sand to ensure aerobic conditions, incubated at 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25°C and irrigated weekly for 112 days. For the fresh compost, cumulative CO₂ evolution after 112 days ranged from 36% of the initial C content at 5°C to 54% at 25°C. The CO₂ evolution was only small in the experiments with mature compost (1 to 6% of the initial C content). The data were described satisfactorily by a combined first‐order (fresh compost) or a first‐order kinetic model (mature compost). For the fresh compost, cumulative DOC production was negatively related to the temperature, probably due to leaching of some of the partly metabolized easily degradable fractions at lower temperatures. The production ratios of DOC : CO₂‐C decreased with increasing temperature from 0.094 at 5°C to 0.038 at 25°C for the fresh and from 1.55 at 5°C to 0.26 at 25°C for the mature compost. In the experiments with fresh compost, net release of NO₃^— occurred after a time lag which depended on the temperature. Cumulative net release of NO₃^— after 112 days ranged from 1.8% of the initial N content at 5°C to 14.3% at 25°C. Approximately 10% of the initial N content of the mature compost was released as NO₃^— after 14 days at all temperatures. The DOC : DON ratios in the experiments using fresh compost ranged from 11.5 to 15.7 and no temperature dependency was observed. For the mature compost, DOC : DON ratios were slightly smaller (7.4 to 8.9). The DON : (NH₄⁺ + NO₃^—) ratio decreased with increasing temperature from 0.91 at 5°C to 0.19 at 25°C for the fresh compost and from 0.21 at 5°C to 0.12 at 25°C for the mature compost. The results of the dynamics of C and N mineralization of fresh and mature compost can be used to assess the appropriate application (timing and amount) of compost to soils.     

胡桃科各属的木材解剖

胡桃科８属约５０种。我国有７属２７种。半环孔或环孔材,晚材管孔多作＂之＂字形排列;木材重量中等为主,心边材区别多不明显,纹理直,结构略细或粗。导管分子穿孔板单穿孔,个别属梯形穿孔偶见,管间纹孔式互列;轴向薄壁组织离管带状（简称离带）、环管;纤维管胞;射线组织多数异形,少数同形,射线与导管间纹孔式类似管间纹孔式。胡桃科木材经济价值颇大。     

玉米早熟性的相关和遗传研究

以包含11个早熟自交系的共24个自交系及由它们配成的含有正、反交组合的116个单交组合(1991年)和122个单交组合(1992年)为材料,研究了玉米早熟性及产量与有关性状的相关性、早熟性的遗传特点。结果为单交组合生育期与其小区产量呈正相关,但也有个别组合表现既早熟又较高产的,单交组合生育期与其株高、单株叶数均呈正相关,单交组合单株籽粒产量与株高、行粒数、百粒重呈正相关,与穗行数基本无相关;杂交组合生育期多数介于双亲生育期之间,并稍偏晚熟亲本,早熟的显性度为0.22(1991年)和0.37(1992年),杂交组合F_1生育期与双亲生育期平均敷(x)之间存在显著正相关关系,回归方程为y=-10.9 1.17x;早熟性的正、反交组合之间不存显著差异。