杧果‘汤米·阿京斯’香气特征分析

以杧果品种‘汤米·阿京斯’的叶片和果肉为材料，通过固相微萃取结合气相色谱/质谱法，分析和鉴定挥发性物质的组成。分别检测出叶片和果肉中挥发性物质64和51种。果肉中的主要挥发性成分为萜烯类化合物和苯甲醛；果肉中所特有的且含量较高的香料物质为3-蒈烯和苯甲醛，二者含量占56.68%。对果肉中挥发性物质的香味进行分析，结果发现其包含14种香型，其中果香、松香和木香是最主要的香韵类型，对松香味有贡献的化合物包括α-蒎烯、β-蒎烯、3-蒈烯、月桂烯和α-水芹烯，其中3-蒈烯贡献最大。     

气相色谱-串联质谱法测定柑橘中5种杀螨剂残留

建立了气相色谱-串联质谱法(GC-MS/MS)检测柑橘中5种杀螨剂残留分析方法。样品经乙腈提取、氯化钠盐析后,取有机相用Qu EChERS方法净化,利用GC-MS/MS在多反应监测(MRM)模式下进行测定,外标法定量。5种杀螨剂在0.005~0.5mg/L浓度范围内呈现良好的线性关系,相关系数r^2均>0.996,方法定量限为0.005 mg/kg。在0.005、0.01和0.1mg/kg 3种添加水平下,加标回收率为70.6%~111.3%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.07%~14.64%。本方法简便、重现性良好,可用于柑橘类水果样品中杀螨剂的日常检测。     

水肥耦合对小麦/玉米带田产量及构成因素的影响

采用"3414"最优回归设计方案,于2007-2008年在甘肃省农业科学院张掖节水试验站,开展不同水肥耦合处理小麦/玉米带田产量效应研究。结果表明,不同水肥耦合模式对小麦/玉米带田产量的影响较大,其差异达极显著水平。其中,氮肥对产量的贡献最大,水分次之,磷肥最小,氮肥对带田混合产量的绝对贡献率达79.4%,而水分对带田混合产量的绝对贡献率达为52.9%;水肥耦合效应为:水氮耦合水磷耦合氮磷耦合;获得高产量12 952.5~13 880.0kg/hm2的施氮量为420~630kg/hm2、灌水量为5 550~6 750m3/hm2、施磷量为120kg/hm2。相关分析表明,施氮量和灌水量与间作玉米的穗粒数、千粒质量、穗粒质量、株高均呈极显著正相关,施氮量与间作小麦的穗粒质量、穗粒数呈极显著正相关。     

福州市周边蛋鸡场禽白血病亚群的血清流行病学检测

应用ELISA方法对分别采集自福州市周边30个蛋鸡场的597羽海兰蛋鸡、512羽罗曼蛋鸡、486羽伊莎蛋鸡和553羽特佳蛋鸡共2148羽的血样进行禽白血病病毒(ALV)亚群ALV-A/B和ALV-J抗体检测.结果表明:样品ALV-A/B抗体阳性率由高至低依次为:特佳蛋鸡群11.39%(63/553)、罗曼蛋鸡群11.32%(58/512)、海兰蛋鸡群8.54%(51/597)和伊莎蛋鸡群7.61%(37/486);样品ALV-J抗体阳性率由高至低依次为:特佳蛋鸡群5.24%(29/553)、罗曼蛋鸡群4.10%(21/512)、伊莎蛋鸡群3.51%(13/486)和海兰蛋鸡群3.18%(19/597);而样品ALV-A/B抗体总阳性率为9.73%(209/2148),高于ALV-J抗体总阳性率3.82%(82/2148),其中有0.70%(15/2148)的ALV-A/B和ALV-J抗体双阳性样品;蛋鸡场ALV-A/B抗体阳性率为70.00%(21/30),高于ALV-J抗体阳性率36.7%(11/30),其中有16.7%(5/30)的ALVA/B和ALV-J抗体双阳性样品.结论:福州市周边蛋鸡场不同品系和不同鸡群间存在不同程度的ALV流行,相比ALV-J,ALV-A/B流行更普遍,且存在ALV-A/B和ALV-J抗体双阳性样品,应予重视.     

Molecular cloning and sequence analysis of an LFY homologous gene from Juglans regia L.

The existence of a long juvenile phase is found seriously to affect the early-stage economic benefits of later mature walnuts (Juglans regia L.). Studies on LFY, a key gene controlling floral transition and flower differentiation, may be helpful in solving the problem. This study reports the identification and characterization of a JrLFY gene from Juglans regia L., a homolog of FLORICAULA/LFY. The gene was isolated from flower buds of precocious walnut cultivar Zhonglin No. 5 by RT-PCR and RACE. The cDNA sequence of JrLFY (GenBank accession no. GU194836) was 1496 bp and contained an ORF of 1158 bp. Its corresponding genomic sequence (GenBank accession no. HQ019159) showed that the JrLFY contained three exons and two introns. The predicted amino acid sequence of the gene consisted of 385 amino acids and had a conserved region in the C-terminal when being aligned with sequences of other LFY homologs. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the LFY protein of walnut was close to those of hickory and chestnut. These studies will lay a foundation for understanding the mechanism of early fruiting and preparation for transfer of the JrLFY as a transgene to later mature walnuts.     

C语言在线评价与测试系统的开发与探讨

随着网络教育的发展,接受网络教育和考试认证的人越来越多,在线考试正在得以迅速发展.本文简要介绍在线系统工作原理和系统配置.     

基于UPLC-QTOF/MS的小麦发芽代谢组学分析方法

为探究不同提取方法对发芽小麦代谢物提取效果的影响,本研究建立了基于超高效液相色谱-四级杆飞行时间质谱(UPLC-QTOF/MS)的发芽小麦非靶向代谢组学样品前处理方法和分析方法,以发芽2 d周麦26籽粒为材料,设计提取溶剂、提取方式、提取时间3个因素在3个水平上L9(34)正交试验,并通过主成分分析和聚类分析确定提取效果最佳的组合。以80%乙腈(0.1%甲酸)震摇提取30 min可检测出1609个代谢峰,说明提取溶剂对代谢物提取效果起主要作用。共鉴定出92种小麦代谢物。     

利用CRISPR/Cas9系统编辑日本结缕草ZjSGR基因技术研究

日本结缕草(Zoysia japonica)是一种常见的具有众多优良性状的暖季型草种,秋冬季节在我国北方地区会较早出现叶片脱绿现象,在一定程度上限制了日本结缕草在北方的大面积使用。ZjSGR是从结缕草中分离出来的一种衰老诱导基因,负调控叶片滞绿性状。本研究利用CRISPR/Cas9系统,通过基因枪介导的遗传转化方法实现对日本结缕草ZjSGR基因的编辑,经测序验证获得1株单碱基缺失突变植株。突变植株叶片深绿,在正常生长温度(28~30℃)条件下,和对照相比,叶绿素含量更高(P<0.05)。本研究为进一步阐述ZjSGR基因在日本结缕草滞绿性状调控中的作用机理提供了基础研究材料,也为培育日本结缕草滞绿品种育种工作奠定了基础。     

β-carotene attenuates weaning-induced apoptosis via inhibition of PERK-CHOP and IRE1-JNK/p38 MAPK signalling pathways in piglet jejunum

Weaning may cause oxidative injury, immune response impairment, apoptosis and other injuries in piglets. Oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) can elicit inflammatory responses, and persistent oxidative and ERS also may lead to apoptotic cascades, which is associated with the pathogenesis of multiple diseases. β-carotene, a natural carotenoid, has potential anti-inflammatory and antioxidant functions. However, the effect of β-carotene on apoptosis in weaned piglets and the detailed molecular mechanism remain unclear. In this study, we found that β-carotene decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in piglet serum. β-carotene could inhibit the mRNA levels of caspase-3 significantly, but had no significant inhibitory effect of the mRNA levels of caspase-9 and caspase-12 in the piglet jejunum. In addition, β-carotene decreased the activation of GRP78, CHOP, and JNK/p38 MAPK and the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2. Furthermore, β-carotene had a significant influence on the activation of ERS and apoptosis-related signals in TG-induced IPEC-J2. In the present study, β-carotene pre-treatment attenuated the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 and prevented TG-induced increases in the level of PERK-CHOP and IRE1-JNK/p38 MAPK pathway activation in a dose-dependent manner. Overall, these findings indicate that β-carotene may protect weaning-induced apoptosis through inhibiting ERS.