噪声环境下木材纹理分类的研究

为了实现木材分类识别的自动化,应用灰度共生矩阵建立了木材纹理的参数体系,并进行了分类研究。首先在无噪声的环境下提取了木材的共生矩阵纹理原始特征参数,并对其进行特征选择,进而建立了木材纹理参数体系。对该参数体系进行噪声适应性测试的实验结果表明,无噪声情况下样本识别率为87.50%;0.2%￣1.0%椒盐噪声环境下样本识别率范围为87.00%￣88.00%。表明该参数体系具有良好的抗击噪声能力和一定的工程实用价值。     

云南红豆杉无性快繁试验

在大理州林业科学研究所科研基地用90%的多菌灵可湿性粉剂1 000倍液消毒和1 000×10-6的2号ABT生根粉处理的2 a生云南红豆杉插条,春、秋两季扦插于温室中以山基土作基质的苗床上作试验.结果表明:云南红豆杉1个月形成愈伤组织,2个月开始生根,5个月达到生根稳定,比在简易棚内扦插快3个多月,成活率达96.2%,扦插后1 a即可出圃,可实现无性快繁目的.     

Modelling the development of an uneven‐aged stand of Picea abies

A transition matrix model of an uneven‐aged Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) stand is presented. The transition probabilities are based on material from 48 study plots in eastern Finland. The ingrowth of the transition matrix is based on material from 8 study plots and on previous studies. In the model runs the sustainable harvest proportion for 5 years varied between 7 and 20% of the stocking depending on the stand basal area. The shape of the stand diameter distribution had no notable effect on the sustainable harvest proportion. The extension of the thinning interval from 5 to 10 years slightly reduced the total removal during the simulation time.     

沙地彰武松容器育苗基质配比研究

在彰武松容器育苗过程中进行了育苗基质不同配比和不同施肥对比试验,结果表明,最适合彰武松容器苗高生长的基质配比草炭∶沙壤土∶三元素复合肥为1∶1∶0.05,其平均苗高为28.4 cm,方差分析表明各处理间差异极显著。     

不同基质处理、不同肥料配方的高山松育苗试验

于2000年在迪庆州小中甸国有林场中心苗圃进行了不同基质和不同肥料配方对高山松苗木高生长影响的育苗试验,结果为:该地区高山松年生长过程可划分为出苗期、幼苗期、速生期和苗木硬化期;基质处理方式和肥料配方对出苗期并无太大影响,温度是决定出苗期长短的主要因素;基质的营养成分和物理结构对苗木根系生长的影响是决定速生期苗高生长的关键因素;就当地泥炭而言,保持其原始结构对苗木前期生长更为有利;T肥和T K肥配方是最适合高山松生长发育的肥料配方;脱盐处理与否对苗木生长的影响不显著.     

Effects of preferential flow on soil-water and surface runoff in a forested watershed in China

Preferential flow is a runoff mechanism intermediate between matrix flow and surface flow, transmitting water at high velocity through the subsurface zone. To assess the effect of preferential flow on soil-water flow and surface runoff in a forested watershed, precipitation and volumes of preferential flow, matrix flow and surface runoff were measured over a period of four years in a forested watershed in the Three Gorges area of southern China. Results show that preferential-flow hydrographs have gentler rises and steeper recessions than those for matrix flow and surface runoff. Preferential flow as a percentage of soil-water flow ranged from 2.40% to 8.72% and the maximum preferential-flow velocity exceeded as much as 5600 times that of matrix flow. This shows that preferential flow plays an important role in the movement of soil water. Preferential flow has a significant effect on peak surface runoff by increasing the surface runoff rate and accelerating the appearance of peak surface runoff. Preferential flow can also prolong the duration of surface runoff. Surface runoff was observed to be positively correlated with preferential flow. The greater the sum of rainfall amount and antecedent precipitation is, the greater the effect of preferential flow on surface runoff is.     

呼和浩特市土地利用变化分析

利用栅格数据以及Arcgis10.3软件,对呼和浩特市2000—2015年间的土地利用状况通过转移矩阵进行分析。结果表明2000—2015年间各个地类面积由大到小分别是草地、未利用土地、林地、农地、湿地、灌木林地、城乡居民地和水域。草地、城乡居民地、林地为面积增加地类,增加的面积为1000 km^2、2900 km^2、2000 km^2;减少的地类为灌木林地、农地、未利用土地、湿地、水域,减少的面积为200 km^2、1400 km^2、2600 km^2、1400 km^2、300 km^2。     

Bats in a fragmented landscape: Species composition, diversity and habitat interactions in savannas of Santarém, Central Amazonia, Brazil

Species response to forest fragmentation may strongly vary according to ecological requirements, shape, spatial configuration and connectivity of fragments, and the structure of the surrounding matrix. Bats are natural candidates for studies on forest fragmentation. However, the conclusions of such studies are often contradictory. We present the results of a study on the effects of forest fragmentation on bat communities in Alter do Chão, Santarém area, in Central Amazonia, Brazil, an area composed by forests and fragments surrounded by savanna-like vegetation. We compared the species composition between habitats, tested the effect of size, shape and density of trees of forested areas on the presence species and their relative frequency of captures, and investigated the savannas as an ecological barrier for the dispersion of bats. With an effort of 5678 mistnet-hours, we captured 3740 bats (64 species). Multidimensional Scaling indicated no strong separation between the habitats sampled, however, savanna sites were grouped distinctly of fragments and forest sites. Multiple linear regressions indicated no significant correlation between the number of bat species recorded and the size, shape or tree density in forest sites and fragments. There was a significant correlation between the number of captures and the variables tested, explained by the shape of the sites, but not by size or tree density. In general, sites with bigger shape indices had fewer captures. Ten of the 20 most captured species showed no significant difference between the three habitats. The bat communities in Alter do Chão were not strongly affected by forest fragmentation, and the savannas did not appear to act as an ecological barrier to bats.     

Biological,Physicochemical, and Spectral Properties of Aerated Compost Extracts: Influence of Aeration Quantity

The goal of this experiment was to investigate the effect of aeration quantity (0, 11, 33, 55, and 77 L·min^?1) on the growth of aerated compost extracts from a pig manure–straw compost. When the aeration quantity was 11 L·min^?1, lettuce root growth enhancement of normalized compost extracts was at a maximum. As the aeration quantity increased, the total water-soluble organic carbon (TWSOC), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), humic carbon (humic C) content, and humification degree of compost extracts improved gradually. No differences in functional group structure were found among the aerated compost extracts. The positive root growth could be attributed to physicochemical and spectral characteristics, such as TN content, humic substances content, humification, aromaticity, and the low content of carboxyl groups. In conclusion, the aeration quantity of 11 L·min^?1 was suitable for the production of aerated compost extracts, which obtained much greater promotion growth.