芸豆和玉米总DNA导入大豆及后代同工酶酶谱分析

本文报道了利用花粉管能道技术,将芸豆、玉米的总ＤＮＡ导入大豆的实验结果及采用不连续双垂直板聚丙烯凝胶电泳法,对其导入后代进行过氧化物酶及多酚氧化酶的酶谱分析。结果表明：远缘材料的外源总ＤＮＡ导入大豆,其后代发生明显变异,过氧化物酶和多酚氧化酶酶谱发生了变化,说明了外源遗传物质已转移到大豆基因组中,并且得到表达。     

高梁11A与3种苏丹草杂种F2代的生育细胞遗传学及同工酶分析

研究了高粱雄性不育系11A与苏丹草3个杂交组合F2代的生长、育性、细胞遗传学特性及同工酶酶谱表型。结果表明：3种杂交组合F2代的生长势和平均株高均明显超过其各自父本苏丹草，生育期约140d，平均单株分蘖数5．3个，每组合分离出4类穗型，中间类型可作为后代优良单株选择的重要形态学依据；F2代花粉可育率在75．26％～86．05％之间，花粉不存在严重不育问题；F2代PMCMI的平均染色体构型均为2n=2x=20=1011，与亲本相比，F2棒状二价体频率较高，约为50％，原亲本间的遗传组成存在着差异；F2代抽穗期4类穗型POD同工酶的酶带数、位点（Rf）及强弱均存在一定差异，体现了基因在蛋白质表达水平上的差异，可作后代优良单株选择的遗传标记。     

抗白粉病普通小麦-簇毛麦新种质的遗传学及生化鉴定

普通小麦-簇毛麦抗白粉病新种质94G22-1和94-G33-1都对白粉病免疫。其体细胞染色体数为42,花粉母细胞减数分裂中期Ⅰ染色体构型为21个二价体。用感病小麦品种对其测交,F_1代全部对白粉病表现免疫,F_1代花粉母细胞减数分裂中期Ⅰ染色体构型为20个二价体加2个单价体。测交F_2抗感比符合3:1的预期分离比例。体细胞快速荧光原位杂交表明94G22-1、94G33-1都带有两条簇毛麦染色体;染色体C-分带证明这两条簇毛麦染色体是一对6V;重双端体分析确认6V代换的普通小麦染色体是6D。在谷草转氨酶(GOT)同工酶电泳图潜的GOT-2活性区,94G22-1、94G33-1显示了3条酶带,其中1条来自簇毛麦,由6V上的基因编码,亚基组成分析亦确证94G22-1、94G33-1是6D(6V)异代换系。     

同工酶电泳技术在品种纯度检验中的应用研究

本文将同工酶电泳技术,从样品制备到图谱分析的设备和技术进行全面改进,并以北京市正在推广和将要推广的玉米杂交种子及其亲本,为品种纯度检验的主要对象,进行酯酶同工酶酶谱纯度检验,达到了准确、简便、快速和经济的实用目的。     

同工酶基因数量化方法对亚洲栽培稻的分类研究

采用将同工酶基因数量化方法对水稻籼、粳分类进行研究，其过程与结果如下：（１）通过对５３９份亚洲栽培稻材料的多位点同工酶分析，发现其中６个同工酶位点即ＡＭＰ－２，Ｃａｔ－１，Ｍａｌ－１，Ａｃｐ－２，Ｅｓｔ－１０具有更好的籼、粳判别效果。用６个位点上的ＤＪ值计算出每份材料的ＰＪ值（即材料属于粳和籼的可能性），发现５３９份材料的ＰＪ值分类结果与程氏形态指数分类法的结果符合性很好，仅有少数例外；（２）对６     

长江口中华绒螯蟹与其它几种同科蟹的同工酶比较

对长江口中华绒螯蟹、天津厚蟹、无齿相手蟹、红螯相手蟹和字纹弓蟹等五种蟹的肌肉、肝进行了６种同工酶的聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳。结果表明，五种蟹的同工酶酶谱存在明显的物种特异性和组织特异性，种间同工酶差异与它们的分类地位一致。     

锰对大豆POD和EST同工酶谱的影响

采用垂直平板聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳,研究了2个大豆品种(华春18和浙春3号)在不同时期、不同锰浓度处理下的过氧化物(POD)同工酶和酯酶(EST)同工酶的变化情况。结果表明,随锰浓度的增加,华春18的POD同工酶的酶带数下降,EST同工酶的酶带数变化不大,浙春3号的2种同工酶的酶带数变化不大;2个大豆品种在不同时期的POD和EST同工酶的酶带数也变化不一,这与各品种对锰胁迫的抗性有关。     

针叶树种遗传研究中同功酶选择的探讨

自70年代以来,同功酶广泛应用于林木遗传研究,如对树种的地理变异、群体遗传结构、家系或无性系鉴别、交配体系的研究等,提供了用其他方法尚难提供的数据,对林木遗传理论或育种实践的研究作出了重要贡献。近十多年来,由于实验技术的改进,可供林木遗传研究分析用的同功酶种类已增加到     

Genetic Diversity in Tunisian Ceratonia siliqua L. (Caesalpinioideae) Natural Populations

The last two centuries witnessed the human-caused fragmentation of Tunisian Ceratonia siliqua L. (Caesalpinoideae) populations which were often represented by scattered individuals. Seventeen populations growing in four bioclimatic zones: sub-humid, upper semi-arid, mean semi-arid and lower semi-arid zones, were sampled for allozyme diversity to assess their genetic diversity and structuration using eight isozymes revealed by starch gel electrophoresis. The species showed high diversity within populations. The average number of alleles per polymorphic locus was 1.98, the percentage of polymorphic loci was 83.4% and the mean observed heterozygosity (Ho) and expected heterozygosity (He) under Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium were respectively 0.247 and 0.316. A substantial level of inbreeding within populations induced by Wahlund effect, was observed (F_IS = 0.231). High diversity resulted from the great number of genotypes in the ancestral population before fragmentation, favoured by the outbreeding of the species. High differentiation and low gene flow were detected among populations (F_ST = 0.200) and among pairs of ecological zones (0.113< F_ST <0.198). However, the differentiation coefficient of the four zones was low (F_ST = 0.085) and similar to the average F_ST for forest trees. Population structuration depends on geographic distance between sites rather than bioclimate, indicating that structuration has occurred slowly and that climatic conditions have had little effect. Nei's genetic distances (D) between populations were low and ranged from 0.004 to 0.201. Mean D value for all population was 0.087. The UPGMA clustering established for all populations through Nei's genetic distances did not clearly show that, for the majority of populations, grouping had resulted from ecological factors or geographic location. The substantial differentiation and the high genetic similarities between populations indicate that populations have been recently isolated as a result of anthropic pressure. In-situ conservation strategies must first focus on populations with a high level of genetic diversity and rare alleles. Appropriate conservation action should take account of bioclimatic zones. Ex-situ preservation should be based on a maximum number of individuals collected within populations in each ecological group and their propagation in different bioclimates by means of cuttings.     

Estimation of Variability of Five Enzyme Systems Among Wild and Cultivated Species of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Trifolium</Emphasis>

The genus Trifolium comprises of 290 annual and perennial species of which the species such as T. repens, T. hybridum, T. pratense, T. ambiguum, T. resupinatum, T. alexandrinum are economically important. Boundaries between species in many cases have been difficult to define because of wide range of diversity caused by primary polymorphism. Hence, inter- and intraspecies variation in Trifolium, for zymogram pattern of five enzyme system was made to work out estimate of variability for isozymic banding pattern and get an insight into the species relationship. A total of 25 species represented by 134 accessions were compared for 5 enzymes viz. peroxidase, esterase, superoxide dismutase, acid phosphatase, and glutamate oxalo acetate transaminase using starch gel electrophoresis. Forty-six types of zymograms for Est isozyme pattern were observed amounting to 4.38 estimate of variability. The estimates of variability revealed maximum variation in T. resupinatum (4.24) followed with 3.02 in T. nigrescens. Estimate of variability for superoxide dismutase ranged from 0.46 to 2.67 among species amounting to 1.08 total variability across species. A total of 28 types of glutamate oxalo acetate transaminase zymograms were observed accounting for 2.48 estimate of variability. All but one band attributed to an estimate of variability of 1.43 in the genus for ACP and 16 different types of ACP zymograms were noticed. Highest variation for ACP was observed in T. resupinatum (4.53). Estimate of variation for peroxidase was 4.83 and 51 types of zymogram were observed. The species differed markedly for zymograms. The species distributed both in temperate and tropical parts like T. resupinatum had more variability as compared to cultivated species like T. alexandrinum and T. pratense. The rich variability present among these species can provide good source of gene transfer from wild to cultivated species which otherwise have no specific zymogram and exhibit low variability. The species sharing zymogram pattern for one or more enzymes with cultivated species were considered to have affinity and can further be utilized in attempting interspecific hybridization.