白灵菇分类技术研究进展

综述了生物学性状、同工酶技术和DNA指纹技术等白灵菇分类技术的研究进展,并对几种分类方法的准确性进行了简单比较。     

青海双峰驼血液LDH和SOD同工酶酶谱

采用聚丙烯烯酰胺凝胶电泳法对５８峰青海双峰驼的红细胞和血清乳酸脱氢酶（ＬＤＨ）以及红细胞超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）同工酶酶谱进行了分析和研究，结果：（１）ＳＬＤＨ同工酶酶谱存在年龄差异，成年驼只有ＬＤＨ１同工酶，幼年驼酶谱由ＬＤＨ１，ＬＤＨ２，ＬＤＨ３和ＬＤＨ４组成；（２）ＲＢＣ－ＬＤＨ同工酶由ＬＤＨ１，ＬＤＨ２和ＬＤＨ４组成；（２）ＲＢＣ－ＬＤＨ同工酶由ＬＤＨ１，ＬＤＨ２和ＬＤＨ３组成，其活性强于     

10个苜蓿品种过氧化物同工酶（POD）分析

采用垂直板聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术，对10个苜蓿品种的根和叶作过氧化物酶（POD）同工酶分析。研究表明，不同器官酶谱带数目、迁移率（R）、酶活性及分布特征均有不同程度的差异。不同品种间酶谱带有较大差异，初步探讨了10个品种间亲缘关系。     

Superior bio-efficacy of a combined formulation of carbendazim and mancozeb in inducing defense responses in chilli seedlings against Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. in comparison with methyl jasmonate

The objective of this work was to investigate the efficacy of a prepackaged combined formulation, Companion (carbendazim 12% + mancozeb 63% WP), sole application of carbendazim 50% WP, manozeb 75% WP and methyl jasmonate (MeJA), an inducer of systemic acquired resistance on disease severity and their role in post-infectional defense responses in chilli seedlings against Sclerotium rolfsii. Seeds were treated for 8 h with MeJA (2.5 mM and 5.0 mM) and each of fungicides (500 ppm), and were sown in pots containing soil and fungal inocula (95:5 w/w). At 15 days after sowing maximum defense against fungal infection was exhibited by Companion comparably followed by the sole application of carbendazim and mancozeb. MeJA reduced percent mortality of S. rolfsii-infected chilli seedlings significantly as compared to the inoculated control. Assessment of peroxidase (POX) and esterase (EST) at 15 days after sowing revealed the increased activity under inoculated condition. Highest POX activity in MeJA treatments (5 mM > 2.5 mM) was followed by the Companion treatment. Highest EST activity was registered in Companion treatment. The zymogram of POX isozymes showed over-expression of POX 2 and POX 4 isoforms, and induction of POX 1 isoform in inoculated treatments. On the other hand, that of EST isozymes showed induction of EST 1 isoform in Companion, carbendazim and MeJA treatments. All EST isoforms were over-expressed in Companion-treated seedlings. Both fungicides and MeJA showed significant effects on disease severity, induction of defense enzymes and isozyme pattern in S. rolfsii-infected chilli seedlings. Contact and systemic fungicides under the experiment demonstrated differential responses. The combination formulation was superior in disease control to application of the fungicide components individually. They compared favourably with MeJA in induction of defense-related enzyme activities. All these findings are new with respect to the chilli-S. rolfsii host–pathogen interaction system, S. rolfsii representing the sclerotial basidiomycetes in particular.     

同工酶技术在大麦中的应用

同工酶几乎存在于所有生物的所有组织中,同工酶技术广泛应用到生命科学的各个领域。本文综述了同工酶技术在大麦中的应用研究,主要表现在大麦种质资源、杂交育种、生理、病理等方面。     

Hg~(2+)胁迫对小麦幼苗生长及其淀粉酶等同工酶活性的影响

以小麦品种郑麦9023为材料,采用水培方法,研究了不同浓度的Hg2+溶液对浸种后小麦幼苗株高、根长及其淀粉酶和蛋白水解酶同工酶活性的影响。结果表明,低浓度的Hg2+(<0.10 mmol/L)对小麦幼苗株高、根长的影响不大,对小麦幼苗叶片、根中的淀粉酶和蛋白水解酶同工酶的活性有一定程度的诱导作用。而高浓度的Hg2+(>0.10 mmol/L)对小麦幼苗株高、根长及幼苗中的淀粉酶和蛋白水解酶同工酶的活性等有明显的抑制作用,呈现出明显的负相关,导致小麦生长发育受到严重抑制。0.10 mmol/L的Hg2+可能是影响小麦幼苗早期正常生长的阈值。     

小麦专用复方抗旱型浸种剂和包衣剂对小麦幼苗SOD、POD和CAT同工酶表达的影响

为从抗氧化酶同工酶表达方面了解小麦专用复方抗旱型浸种剂和包衣剂对小麦抗旱性的调节作用,以小麦品种临麦2号为材料,采用盆栽试验法,研究了小麦专用复方抗旱型浸种剂和包衣剂处理种子对干旱胁迫下小麦幼苗超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)同工酶表达的影响。结果表明,干旱胁迫下,小麦幼苗Mn-SOD和Fe-SOD表达量(活性)高于对照,而Cu/Zn-SOD同功酶表达量(活性)降低。与对照相比,干旱胁迫下,POD同工酶中的Rf 0.05、Rf 0.13、Rf 0.22和Rf 0.61条带表达量降低,抗旱型包衣剂和浸种剂处理种子均提高干旱胁迫下Rf 0.05、Rf 0.13和Rf 0.61条带的表达量,而普通包衣剂处理增加了Rf 0.18、Rf 0.22条带的表达量。干旱胁迫降低了CAT同功酶Rf 0.04、Rf 0.76条带的表达量,其中Rf 0.04表达量降幅较大,而抗旱型包衣剂和浸种剂处理种子均提高干旱胁迫下这两个条带的表达量,尤其是Rf 0.04的表达量显著超过对照。说明抗旱型包衣剂和浸种剂能够调控小麦幼苗抗氧化酶同工酶的表达,进而增强植株的抗氧化能力,提高小麦的抗旱性。     

濒危植物香果树愈伤组织经长期继代后的6种同工酶研究

[目的]研究濒危植物香果树愈伤组织经长期继代后的6种同工酶酶谱的变化.[方法]采用非变性聚丙烯凝胶电泳技术对长期继代后的香果树愈伤组织的酯酶(EST)、酸性磷酸酯酶(ACP)、ATP酶(ATPase)、淀粉酶(AMY)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)6种同工酶进行分析.[结果]香果树的胚性愈伤组织和非胚性愈伤组织在6种同工酶水平上均有差异,均可作为鉴别2者的依据.非胚性愈伤组织中的EST、ACP和POD的表达量明显高于胚性愈伤组织.褐化的非胚性愈伤组织与正常非胚性愈伤组织相比,在AMY、SOD和POD同工酶水平上无差别,而EST、ACP和ATP同工酶含量减少;褐化的胚性愈伤组织与正常胚性愈伤组织相比,EST同工酶含量升高,其他5种同工酶含量降低.[结论]为研究香果树的长期组织培养过程中愈伤组织形态差异及褐化现象提供理论基础. Abstract： [Objective] The aim was to study the changes of zymography in 6 kinds of isozymes after long-term subculture of Emmenopterys henryi Oliv..[Method]Non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to analyze isozyme patterns such as esterase (EST),acid phosphatase (ACP),ATP enzyme (ATPase),amylase (AMY),superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) in long-term subculture callus of Emmenopterys henryi Oliv. [Result] The research showed that there were differences among the 6 kinds of isozymes in embryogenic callus and non-embryogenic callus of Emmenopterys henryi Oliv.,and both levels could be taken as the basis for identification,the EST,ACP,and POD of non-embryogenic callus were significantly higher than embryogenic callus.The browning of non-embryogenic callus was non-level in the AMY,SOD and POD isozymes when was compared with normal non-embryogenic callus,while the EST,ACP and ATPase isozymes decreased;When the browning of embryogenic callus was contrasted with normal embryegenic callus,EST isozyme increased and the other 5 kinds of enzymes decreased. [Conclusion] The study provided theoretical basis for research morphological difference and browning of long-term tissue culture of Emmenopterys henryi Oliv..     

濒危植物香果树愈伤组织经长期继代后的6种同工酶研究

[目的]研究濒危植物香果树愈伤组织经长期继代后的6种同工酶酶谱的变化。[方法]采用用非变性聚丙烯凝胶电泳技术对长期继代后的香果树愈伤组织的酯酶（EST）、酸性磷酸酯酶（ACP）、ATP酶（ATPase）、淀粉酶（AMY）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化物酶（POD）6种同工酶进行分析。[结果]香果树的胚性愈伤组织和非胚性愈伤组织在6种同工酶水平上均有差异,均可作为鉴别2者的依据。非胚性愈伤组织中的EST、ACP和POD的表达量明显高于胚性愈伤组织。褐化的非胚性愈伤组织与正常非胚性愈伤组织相比,在AMY、SOD和POD同工酶水平上无差别,而EST、ACP和ATPase同工酶含量减少;褐化的胚性愈伤组织与正常胚性愈伤组织相比,EST同工酶含量升高,其他5种同工酶含量降低。[结论]为研究香果树的长期组织培养过程中愈伤组织形态差异及褐化现象提供理论基础。     

贵州乌蒙鸡血浆同工酶的多态性分析

采用水平板聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术,检测分析了31份贵州乌蒙鸡血浆中的淀粉酶(Amy-1、Amy-2)、碱性磷酸酶(Akp-1、Akp-2)、酯酶-1(Es-1)同工酶的多态性。结果发现,除Amy-2和Akp-2位点呈单态外,其余位点均具有多态性,且akp-1、Akp-20、Amy-2i、Es-1C频率较高,Es-1A频率较低,Amy-1A和Amy-1B频率均在0.5000左右,Amy-1AB型频率很高。其多态位点百分比(P)和平均杂合度(H)均较高。这表明贵州乌蒙鸡血浆蛋白(酶)的多态程度较高,遗传多样性较为丰富,选择潜力较大,保种和开发利用价值较高。