蕨类植物同工酶的遗传多样性分析

[目的]分析26种蕨类植物同工酶的遗传多样性。[方法]分析26种蕨类植物的POD同工酶、SOD同工酶、CAT同工酶和EST同工酶的酶谱,并对其中有条带的17种材料进行聚类分析。[结果]在26种蕨类植物中,有17种在同工酶谱带上表现出丰富的遗传多样性,但其聚类分析结果与形态学分类结果不完全吻合。[结论]同工酶谱为研究蕨类植物的遗传多样性提供了好的研究方法,但不支持形态学分类。     

Cu2+胁迫对家山黧豆幼苗POD活性及其同工酶的影响

[目的]研究Cu^2＋胁迫对家山黧豆幼苗过氧化物酶（POD）活性及其同工酶的影响,为提高家山黧豆的抗逆性和抗病性提供科学依据。[方法]通过不同浓度的Cu^2＋（50、100、150、200、250 mg/L）处理家山黧豆幼苗,考察不同浓度Cu^2＋胁迫对其POD活性及同工酶数量和种类的影响。[结果]在Cu^2＋胁迫下,各处理中家山黧豆幼苗根的POD活性均高于茎和叶,且各处理下的家山黧豆幼苗根、茎、叶中POD活性均高于对照（除250 mg/L）。不同浓度Cu^2＋胁迫下,家山黧豆幼苗根系同工酶的酶带数和活性变化较大,茎和叶片比较稳定。[结论]该研究为提高家山黧豆的抗逆、抗病性提供了科学依据。     

一氧化氮供体SNP对花生萌发的影响

[目的]阐明一氧化氮供体SNP（sodium nitroprusside）对花生种子萌发的作用与活性氧以及淀粉酶同工酶、酯酶同工酶活性的关系。[方法]采用组织化学原位染色和电泳的方法。[结果]经100μmol/L SNP处理的花生的萌发过程受到明显的抑制,组织内H2O2、O2-.的含量及α-淀粉酶的活性均有明显降低,而β-淀粉酶、酯酶同工酶的活性无明显变化。[结论]SNP对花生种子萌发的抑制作用与组织中活性氧浓度的降低有关。     

罗汉果茎尖超低温保存后再生植株的遗传稳定性研究

[目的]检测罗汉果茎尖玻璃化法超低温保存后再生植株的遗传稳定性。[方法]对罗汉果玻璃化法超低温保存前后的植株进行过氧化物酶（POD）和酯酶（EST）同工酶酶谱分析、染色体计数和随机扩增多态性DNA（RAPD）分子标记。[结果]超低温保存前后,POD同工酶图谱上均显示9条酶带,且迁移率一致;EST同工酶图谱上均显示8条酶带,迁移率也一致;POD和EST同工酶谱、染色体数目和RAPD谱带均未发现差异。[结论]玻璃化法超低温保存罗汉果种质资源安全、稳定。     

黄河鲇鱼的同工酶研究

[目的]为我国黄河鲇鱼的研究提供依据。[方法]以30-60日龄的黄河鲇鱼和鲤鱼为试验材料,分别取鱼体肌肉、脑、肝、消化道、眼、肾、性腺、心各0.4g,用双蒸水冲洗干净,冰浴研磨,离心后取上清液用于电泳分析,根据酶的结构组成和同工酶在各组织中所表现的酶谱,确定每种同工酶的编码座位数和座位的等位基因数。[结果]黄河鲇的同工酶在不同组织中表现出不同程度的差异,即同工酶在同一个体不同组织中表达的类型和程度不同;不同组织的同工酶酶谱染色深浅不同,酶的活性大小存在差异。[结论]黄河鲇种群具有广泛的遗传变异和遗传多样性。     

镉胁迫对石竹种子萌发·叶片叶绿素及同工酶的影响

[目的]研究重金属镉胁迫对石竹种子萌发、叶绿素及同工酶的影响。[方法]镉胁迫设5个处理（0、0．5、5．0、10．0、50．0mg／L）,对石竹种子浸泡后测定其发芽率;对新鲜石竹浸泡后测定其叶绿素含量和同工酶。[结果]低浓度的镉对石竹的生长有促进作用,其中镉为5．0mg／L时的发芽势比对照高15．83％;高浓度的镉抑制其生长,对根的抑制作用大于芽。随着处理时间的推移和镉浓度的增加,石竹叶绿素含量在减小,镉为5．0mg／L处理20d时,镉浓度与时间相关系数为-0．789;在同一处理时间内,镉浓度与叶绿素均呈显著负相关。镉胁迫下对石竹叶POD的影响主要表现为个别酶带Rf值的改变、酶带数的下降和活性的增加。[结论]重金属镉对石竹的酶活性产生影响,使其对镉胁迫产生了相对适应性。     

江浙地区披针叶八角植物过氧化物酶同工酶的研究

[目的]研究披针叶八角植物遗传多样性的分子机理。[方法]从江浙地区披针叶八角中选择12种不同表型的植株为材料,比较分析其过氧化物酶同工酶的酶谱差异。[结果]从供试植物的过氧化物酶同工酶谱中检测到了10条酶带,其中有2条特征酶带可鉴别其中的2个材料。聚类分析表明,在相似系数0.70处可将供试植物分为3类,聚类分组与供试植物的来源地、结实性及蓇葖果数的分类具有较高的相关性。[结论]利用过氧化物酶同工酶对披针叶八角植物结实性进行鉴定是一种可行的方法。     

Decrease of rice plant resistance and induction of hormesis and carboxylesterase titre in brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) by xenobiotics

The brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) is a serious threat to the rice production throughout Asia. The indiscriminate application of various xenobiotics in rice ecosystem is perceived as one of the factors for the frequent outbreak of BPH. The present study has critically analysed the secondary effects of some xenobiotics used in rice field on certain plant and insect parameters that subsequently favour BPH outbreak. Application of 2,4-D, carbendazim, deltamethrin and urea reduced the innate BPH resistance of PTB 33 rice variety due to favourable alterations in rice free amino acid and sucrose content. Similarly, these chemicals also induced hormesis and enhanced feeding in BPH. Alternatively, soil amendment with neem seed powder and Calotropis gigantea leaves improved plant innate resistance and showed no sign of hormesis or enhanced feeding in BPH. In addition, deltamethrin has the ability to stimulate BPH carboxylesterase titre. Native PAGE analysis of esterases from whole body homogenate of BPH revealed at least five esterase isozyme bands, prominent being E1 and E2. However, no difference in BPH esterase banding pattern was observed between different xenobiotic treatments. All these esterase bands are classified under carboxylesterase based on their inhibition by class specific esterase inhibitors.     

香菇酯酶同工酶不同凝胶浓度比较

对香菇品种酯酶同工酶21个凝胶浓度处理组合进行了分析比较,结果表明浓缩胶浓度对酶谱没有影响,但根据试验操作的难易,4%的凝胶浓度是最佳选择;分离胶浓度不同,酶谱有差异,7.5%和8.0%的凝胶浓度是最佳选择。     

Genetic Diversity and Phylogenic Relations Among Sahelian Sorghum Accessions

To establish the genetic relationship among Sahelian sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench S.L.] landraces from Burkina Faso were submitted to electrophoretic analysis for 10 enzymatic systems and 18 loci. Four enzymatic systems (ADH, LAP, MDH, PGD) and five loci revealed polymorphism both within and among landraces. Thirty-eight per cent of the landraces were monomorphic in all the 18 loci. The genotypic frequencies in most of the landraces deviated markedly from Hardy–Weinberg proportions due to a major heterozygote deficit, the landrace being homozygous or a mixture of homozygotes. Multivariate analysis yielded three main groups, containing native landraces and five minors, containing introduced cultivars, randomly distributed over the territory. The pattern of allelic occurrence was random and unrelated to external selection pressures. The major diversity among landraces appears to be from genetic shift caused by farmers’ selection of their seeds. It could also be due to the low rates of outcrossing (19%) and migration (0.06) prevailing in the set.