刺儿菜性别连锁的同工酶标记分析

[目的]利用刺儿菜进行同工酶分析,确定适合作为遗传标记的同工酶类型。[方法]采用聚丙烯酰胺不连续垂直平板电泳(PAGE)技术,对刺儿菜雌雄株花和叶片中过氧化物酶(POD),苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH),苹果酸酶(ME)及酯酶同工酶(EST)的差异进行比较分析。[结果]POD、MDH及EST同工酶在刺儿菜雌雄株的花和叶中存在明显的性别差异。在花和叶片中,POD同工酶均发现了性别特异的酶带,MDH同工酶仅发现在花中具有1条雄性特异带,苹果酸酶同工酶(ME)没有明显的性别差异。除花中的酯酶酶谱外,两种同工酶在同一性别的不同个体间,酶谱无明显差异。[结论]同一种酶在刺儿菜叶片和花中的雌雄株酶谱有明显差异。     

乌克兰鳞鲤同工酶及mtDNA D-loop区段的RFLP分析

[目的]分析乌克兰鳞鲤的遗传结构,以期为乌克兰鳞鲤的遗传育种研究提供依据。[方法]利用水平式淀粉凝胶电泳法对乌克兰鳞鲤（46尾）进行了AAT、α-GPD、GPI、IDH、MDH和PGM共6种同工酶以及肌浆蛋白（PROT）的电泳分析。应用PCR技术扩增了其mtDNA的D-loop区段,利用12种限制性内切酶对其扩增片段进行了RFLP分析;并对2种单倍型的PCR扩增片段进行了序列分析。[结果]同工酶检测出的12个基因座位中,α-GPD＊、GPI＊和PGM＊存在变异,多态基因座位比例及平均杂合度预期值分别为25%和0.092 0。RFLP检测结果表明PCR扩增到约1.6 kb的DNA片段,8种限制性内切酶（AluⅠ、DraⅠ、EcoRⅠ、HaeⅢ、HapⅡ、HinfⅠ、TaqⅠ和XspⅠ）有酶切位点,DraⅠ和TaqⅠ个体间存在变异。将不同酶切类型结果组合后,得到2种单倍型。[结论]根据同工酶检测结果,可以认为乌克兰鳞鲤含有中国鲤与欧洲鲤2种血统;与RFLP分析结果相比,序列分析表明2种单倍型在DraⅠ和TaqⅠ酶切位点以外也存在碱基差异。     

西南区多花黑麦草品种同工酶指纹图谱的构建及遗传背景分析

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳的方法,对西南区主栽6个多花黑麦草品种进行了酯酶(EST)和过氧化物酶(POD)同工酶检测。通过酯酶检测到5种EST酶谱谱型,可以把4个品种区分开。过氧化物酶检测到4种POD酶谱谱型,可以把3个品种区分开。综合以上2种酶谱谱型可以鉴定供试的6个品种。6个多花黑麦草之间的相似系数0.615~0.941,品种间平均相似系数为0.738 8。     

Hg2+胁迫对小麦幼苗POD、CAT和SOD同工酶的影响

[Objective] This work was aimed to explore the mechanism of Hg2+ toxicity on plants. [Method]Activities of peroxidase(POD), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase(SOD) were investigated in wheat (Triticum aestivum L. )seedlings under Hg2+ stress at different concentrations. [Re-pared to POD and SOD. [Conclusion] The toxic effect was related to the concentration of Hg2+ (0.10 mmol/L). The higher concentration of Hg2+ could affect the expression of POD, CAT, and SOD isozymes in the leaves, roots of wheat seedlings and germinated seeds, which further affect the normal metab-olism of membrane lipid and inhibit the growth of wheat seedlings at last.     

雷氏七鳃鳗LDH与SOD同工酶的电泳分析

[目的]为对圆口纲动物雷氏七鳃鳗的深入研究及开发利用提供基础的生理生化指标依据。[方法]采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直板电泳方法对雷氏七鳃鳗肌肉、肠、生殖腺、肝4种组织中乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）同工酶位点及其酶谱表型进行了研究。[结果]雷氏七鳃鳗不同组织中LDH同工酶呈二带型分布,肌肉和生殖腺中有2条带,而肠和肝中只呈现1条带;不同组织中SOD同工酶的谱带分布特点是：肌肉10条,肠10条,生殖腺9条,肝12条。[结论]SOD和LDH同工酶在雷氏七鳃鳗4种组织中表达存在明显的组织特异性。     

木薯分支酶活性测定及同工酶电泳技术应用初探

淀粉分支酶(Starch branching enzyme,SBE)是唯一引入α-1,6糖苷键分支点,催化支链淀粉形成的酶,影响淀粉分支程度及淀粉粒的精细结构。本文以3个亲缘关系较远的高产木薯品种(SC124、SC8、Arg7)为材料,利用SBE同工酶电泳及酶活性检测观察木薯块根支链淀粉增长较快时期SBE活性变化动态,结合支链淀粉含量检测分析木薯淀粉同工酶表达特点与支链淀粉积累的关系。结果表明:种植后140d至180d为木薯单株支链淀粉含量快速增加时期;SC124和SC8支链淀粉积累量早于Arg7达到高峰;Arg7各个时期的支链淀粉含量及SBE活性均表现最高。同工酶分析表明,木薯分支酶有SBE-I和SBE-II两个基因位点:SBE-Ι至少有3个等位基因位点(SBE-Ιa、SBE-Ιb、SBE-Ιc),品种间具有多态性;SBE-II为单一条带,但活性大小在品种间和发育不同阶段有差异。初步判定等位基因位点SBE-Ιc和SBE-II可能对SBE酶活性和支链淀粉含量贡献较大。     

Genetic Variation of zoysia in Taiwan as Analyzed by Isozyme Patterns and Salinity Tolerance

Abstract

One hundred and eighty-two zoysia spp. individuals (z. matrella and z sinica) collected from the coast around Taiwan and Island Penghu were used as materials. They were transplanted to Taichung, and three to four months after transplanting, the zymograms of esterase and acid phosphatase were determined. There were 26 bands and 108 patterns in the esterase zymogram, and 9 bands and 12 patterns in the acid phosphatase zymogram. In the dendrogram based on the Euclidean distance analysis, the clones collected from the northern part of the east coast (EN, mainly consisting of limestone) had a longer distance to those from the other five regions. The distances between the clones from these five regions were shorter, in spite of the fact that the geographical distribution of Z- matrella and Z- sinica is different in these regions, probably due to the high ability of zoysia spp. to hybridize interspecifically. Moreover, the clones from the EN region showed a lower diversity in both isozyme patterns and showed a lower adaptation to salinity due to the protection by calcium. It is concluded that the genetic variation of Zoysia m Taiwan as examined by isozyme analysis is more related to the specific adaptation to environmental factors in the habitats than to the taxonomic status.     

Study on The Isozyme of Wild Yak

We have adopted PAGE method to isolate lactic dehydrogenase(LDH)and α-amylase(α-Am)from wild yak's serum and measure the physical-chemical properties of the two components respectively. The results showed that the yak LDH isozyme distributed into five bands. The sequence according to their activity reads as LDH1 ＞ LDH2＞ LDH3 ＞ LDH4 ＞ LDH5. The subunit B is relatively occupied a dominant position. It got a wide operating pH range, high thermal stability,well denature resistance and a fairly large adaptability threshold on the physical-chemical change of surrounding environment. α-Am isozyme distributed into seven bands and also got a wide operating pH range. α-Am isozyme is high sensitivity to environmental temperature.     

刺五加的同工酶与遗传分化的研究(Ⅱ)--花丝长度不同的刺五加类群的遗传多样性

该文采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术检测了花丝长度不同的三个刺五加类群的异柠檬酸脱氢酶(IDH)、苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH)、过氧化物酶(POD)、细胞色素氧化酶(CCO)和酸性磷酸酶(ACP)五种同工酶型.结果显示,在多态位点0.99标准下,刺五加多态位点比例(P)为0.37,平均每个位点的预期杂合度(He)为0.320 0～0.387 7,平均每个位点的实际杂合度(Ho)为0.270 3～0.359 9,刺五加类群内基因多样度(Hs)为0.338 7,类群间基因多样度(Dst)为0.035 6,类群间基因分化系数(Gst)为0.095 1,刺五加三个类群的遗传相似性(I)为0.909～0.941,遗传距离(D)为0.059～0.091.初步推测刺五加是由雌雄同株的两性花逐步向雌雄异株的单性花分化,L-刺五加将进化成单雄性,S-刺五加将进化成单雌性.其遗传分化的时间约为29.5～45.5万年.     

低锌和缺锌胁迫对不同基因型玉米的影响及机理

以两种不同基因型玉米(唐玉10号、博丰12号)为材料,用溶液培养的方法研究了低锌、缺锌和正常供锌对玉米生长发育的影响,并对两品种的SOD同工酶谱和蛋白质表达进行了分析。结果表明:一定浓度的低锌比缺锌对玉米危害更大,但不同基因型玉米对此敏感性不同,博丰12号表现出这种现象相对迟缓,而唐玉10号表现得迅速。与正常供锌相比,低锌处理时唐玉10号和博丰12号的一些SOD同工酶的活性降低,但博丰12号的一个SOD同工酶的活性明显提高,而缺锌对两品种的SOD同工酶谱影响不大。SDS-PAGE分析表明,低锌或缺锌处理时两种不同基因型玉米都有一些蛋白质组分增加或缺失。