甜菜属(Genus Beta L.)种间亲缘关系的同工酶研究

应用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法,对甜菜属3个不同组的5个野生种和两个栽培种进行酯酶、过氧化物酶和多酚氧化酶分析,并计算了野生种与栽培种的同工酶相似值,初步确定了其进化上的亲缘关系。给果表明:1.碗状花甜菜组与普通甜菜组的亲缘关系较远,白花甜菜组介于上述两组之间;2.普通甜菜组中B.patu.与B.mari.相比,前者与栽培甜菜的亲缘关系较远;3.组间物种差别大于组内物种差别。     

Assessing the Genetic Diversity in the International Cocoa Genebank,Trinidad (ICG,T) using Isozyme Electrophoresis and RAPD

Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and isozyme electrophoresis (IE) techniques were used to estimate the level of genetic diversity in a sample of cacao germplasm existing at the International Cocoa Genebank, Trinidad. Twenty-six cocoa populations represented by 459 cocoa genotypes were analysed using IE and 22 populations represented by 353 cocoa genotypes were analysed using RAPD. Despite few differences in the classification of the populations, both techniques revealed three major groups: the indigenous trees, the cultivated Trinitario and the cultivated trees from Ecuador. Two-thirds of the partitioned diversity were found within populations and one-third between the populations, with both techniques.     

Genetic Diversity in a Worldwide Collection of Cherimoya Cultivars

Genetic diversity of 206 cherimoya (Annona cherimola Mill.) cultivars representing the major regions of production was determined from an analysis of 23 isozyme loci. Gene diversity in cherimoya was high, although not equally distributed among countries. Peru and Ecuador, the countries of origin of this species, showed the greatest diversity, and Spain and Madeira (Portugal) showed the least, probably due to genetics bottlenecks resulting from limited introduction. Cultivars from California showed high values for several genetic diversity measures, likely due to their diverse origins. The expansion of cherimoya cultivation out the area of origin has produced a change in the apportionment of genetic diversity, with an increase in the inter-populational components, but likely without a general erosion overall.     

果树资源遗传多样性研究进展

遗传多样性研究对于维护物种稳定、有效保护和开发利用物种资源具有重要意义。本文从表型水平、染色体水平、等位酶水平、DNA水平介绍了果树资源多样性的研究现状,分析了不同研究方法的优缺点,指出只有将各种方法综合运用,才能更为全面科学地了解和掌握果树资源的遗传多样性。     

发状念珠藻POD和EST同工酶研究

[目的]通过分析野生的和液体培养的发状念珠藻的过氧化物酶（POD）和酯酶（EST）同工酶,了解其在遗传物质表达和生理代谢方面存在的差异。[方法]采用聚丙烯酰胺垂直电泳法对野生的和液体培养的发状念珠藻细胞的POD和EST同工酶进行分析与比较。[结果]POD同工酶谱分析表明,野生发状念珠藻细胞有4条带,其Rf值分别为0.400、0.709、0.764和0.929;液体培养的发状念珠藻细胞只有2条带,其Rf值分别为0.736和0.929。EST同工酶谱分析表明,野生发状念珠藻细胞有2条带,其Rf值为0.397和0.559;液体培养的发状念珠藻细胞有3条带,其Rf值分别为0.296、0.397和0.458。[结论]野生的与液体培养的发状念珠藻细胞在POD和EST电泳图谱上存在一定差异,以野生发状念珠藻的POD同工酶酶谱带数多,酶活性强。     

高温胁迫对草地早熟禾抗氧化酶活性及其同工酶图谱的影响

为阐明冷季型草坪草抗氧化酶对高温的胁迫响应,以草地早熟禾(Poa pratensis)耐热品种‘热力’(Thermal Blue)、中耐热品种‘大师’(Utmost)和热敏感品种‘长征’ (Excursion)为试验材料,动态研究45℃/40℃(昼/夜)高温胁迫下叶片中5种抗氧化酶活性的变化.结果表明:45℃/40℃高温胁迫使得3个草地早熟禾品种的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性升高;耐热品种‘热力’ 过氧化物酶(POD)活性呈先升高后降低的趋势,‘大师’和‘长征’ POD活性变化不显著;3个草地早熟禾品种随高温胁迫时间的延长过氧化氢酶(CAT)和谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)活性明显降低;‘热力’抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性在胁迫第1 d和第1.5 d出现显著降低,‘大师’ APX活性胁迫第0.5 d显著降低,而第1 d显著增加,‘长征’胁迫1.5 d出现显著升高,且3个草地早熟禾品种在胁迫第2 d时APX活性均恢复到胁迫前的水平,与胁迫前相比差异不显著.同工酶表达上,3个草地早熟禾品种的SOD, POD和CAT同工酶表达量变化不显著,GR同工酶表达量减弱,APX同工酶表达量在耐热品种‘热力’中增加,在不耐热品种‘长征’中变化不大.     

低叶绿素b水稻突变体的抗氧化酶系统研究

[目的]研究低叶绿素b水稻突变体抗氧化酶系统在缓解光氧化伤害中的作用。[方法]以低叶绿素b水稻突变体和野生型为材料,对其叶绿体中过氧化氢(H2O2)含量以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)的活性和同工酶谱进行了比较。[结果]与野生型相比,突变体叶片细胞及叶绿体中抗氧化酶SOD、POD和CAT的同工酶种类相对较多,酶活性相对较高;强光条件下,突变体叶绿体H2O2的含量低于野生型叶绿体。[结论]较强的内源活性氧清除系统减轻了强光下过剩光能对光合膜的光氧化伤害,是该突变体PSII具有较高稳定性的重要原因。     

低温胁迫对黑皮油松与华山松的几种保护酶的影响

[目的]为园林植物的抗寒性研究提供参考。[方法]以不同低温处理黑皮油松和华山松的叶片为材料,采用聚丙烯酰胺不连续系统垂直板电泳法对其保护酶活性进行了分析。[结果]在-40℃低温胁迫下,华山松POD同功酶出现2条酶带（含1条新的2号酶带）,其余处理均出现1条酶带;-30℃低温胁迫下,黑皮油松POD同功酶出现4条酶带（含1条新的4号酶带）,其余处理均出现3条酶带;2种植物叶片CAT、PPO酶活性随温度降低而增强表达;随着处理温度的下降,2种植物叶片POD、SOD与CAT酶活性逐渐升高,而APX和PPO酶活性则呈先上升后下降趋势。[结论]低温下,2种植物的电解质渗透均增加,黑皮油松的酶谱明显比华山松丰富。     

谷氨酰胺、氯化镧对石斛兰生根及POD表达的影响

采用组织培养方法,探讨了谷氨酰胺及氯化镧对石斛兰生根及POD表达的影响。结果表明：谷氨酰胺、氯化镧对石斛兰生根数及生长状况的影响与处理的浓度有关。随着谷氨酰胺浓度的增加,石斛兰总生根数、平均生根数呈下降趋势,当处理30d后,添加2mg/L谷氨酰胺会产生最大的平均生根数,为5.78根。氯化镧的浓度为0.05～50mg/L时对石斛兰生根及生长起促进作用,且组培苗生长状况要优于谷氨酰胺处理。在同工酶表达上,相对谷氨酰胺处理,氯化镧处理后的石斛兰POD同工酶在活性上要更强,在表达类型类型上要更丰富。     

低叶绿素b水稻突变体的抗氧化酶系统研究(英文)

[Objective] The mitigative effect of antioxidase system of a rice mutant with low chlorophyll b on photooxidative damage was studied.[Method] A rice mutant with low chlorophyll b and its wild type were taken as experimental materials to comparatively research their peroxide (H2O2) contents, the activity and isozymes of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) in chloroplast.[Result] Compared with the wild type, there were many kinds of SOD, POD and CAT isozymes in leaf cells and chloroplast cell of mutant, and the activity of SOD, POD and CAT isozymes in leaf cells and chloroplast cell of mutant was also correspondingly higher. Under intense light condition, the H2O2 content of chloroplast in mutant was less than that in the wild type. [Conclusion] The higher activity of scavenging active oxygen can relieve the photooxidative damage made by excessive light energy of intense light on photosynthetic membrane, which is an important reason for higher photosystem Ⅱ (PS II) stability of this mutant.