野鸢尾染色体的核型分析及其分类地位探讨

通过对两种不同花色的野鸢尾进行核型分析,确定其染色体数目为2n=32,其中白色花的核型类型为2A型,紫色花为2B型,并明确了两者间不存在倍性的关系,推测白色花野鸢尾可能是紫色花野鸢尾的一个种内变异。通过分析野鸢尾与射干属植物射干以及与其同亚属植物中甸鸢尾的核型差异,从细胞学角度探讨了野鸢尾的分类地位。     

鸢尾黄斑病毒几种PCR检测方法的建立和比较研究

 以带有鸢尾黄斑病毒的烟草叶片为材料,研究建立了IYSV的普通RT PCR、免疫捕获RT PCR和SYBR Green Ⅰ实时荧光RT PCR方法,并比较了几种检测方法的灵敏度。结果表明,DAS ELISA检测灵敏度较低,为1 mg带毒叶片。而各种PCR方法的灵敏度均高于DAS ELISA 100倍以上,其中SYBR Green Ⅰ实时荧光RT PCR检测灵敏度最高,可从0.4 μg的带毒叶片中检出IYSV,而RT PCR的灵敏度为40 μg带毒叶片,IC RT PCR的检测灵敏度是RT PCR的4倍。鉴于DAS ELISA灵敏度较低,建议在用ELISA初筛时,如样品OD405值与阴性对照OD405值之比在2.0左右时需要再用分子方法加以确证,以防漏检。     

Antibacterial and allelopathic activity of methanolic extract from Iris pseudopumila rhizomes

The methanolic extract of rhizomes of Iris pseudopumila was tested for its antibacterial and allelopathic activity. The extract was shown to have antibacterial effects. The allelopathic effect was tested against Raphanus sativus seed germination. The extract caused a decrease in the percentage of seed germination and root and epicotyl growth.     

浅谈金樱子开发应用前景

结合贵州省中药材资源优势,围绕贴农惠农、服务新农村建设,对药食两用金樱子的先期研究应用状况作了针对性的归纳总结,以此对其开发应用前景做进一步探讨,为合理开发利用金樱子药用资源,带动地方经济产业发展提供理论依据。     

野鸢尾和射干属间杂交亲和性及杂种鉴定

 以鸢尾科鸢尾属的野鸢尾（Iris dichotoma）和射干属的射干（Belamcanda chinensis）为试材,对其常规授粉后的结实性、花粉管行为及胚胎发育过程进行了观察,并对其杂种进行了形态学和根尖细胞染色体鉴定。结果表明：野鸢尾和射干属间杂交存在一定程度障碍,但仍具有良好的亲和性,且正、反交存在差异。以野鸢尾为母本与射干杂交时,部分花粉不萌发,或者花粉管在柱头或花粉粒上缠绕;不亲和障碍主要发生在受精前,结实率和有胚率分别为48.1%和69.3%。以射干为母本与野鸢尾杂交时,在珠孔端出现胚的解体现象,不亲和障碍主要发生在受精后,结实率和有胚率分别为87.9%和54.3%。所得杂种F₁的株高、花冠幅、分蘖能力都介于野鸢尾和射干之间;杂种的花期和果期较亲本有所延长,叶宽大于亲本;根状茎、花形与野鸢尾相似;花色、雄蕊、花柱、果实和种子与亲本迥异。杂种根尖细胞染色体数与亲本相同,2n = 2x = 32,均为1B型,杂交后代的染色体数相对保守,变异较小,且核型具有较高的对称性。     

Plant regeneration from protoplasts of Iris germanica L.

Summary Protoplasts were isolated enzymatically from suspension cultures derived from embryogenic calli induced by leaf base culture of Iris germanica. In protoplast culture, the effects of glucose concentration, different sugars and combinations of 2,4-D and KIN on protoplast division and colony formation were examined. N6 medium supplemented with 0.1–1 mg/l 2,4-D, 1 mg/l KIN, 200mg/l casein hydrolysate, 250 mg/l proline, 0.2 M glucose and 20 g/l agarose was suitable for protoplast division and colony formation. When colonies formed were transferred onto hormone-free MS medium, many plantlets were regenerated through somatic embryogenesis. Thus, we could establish a plant regeneration system from protoplasts of I. germanica.Contribution from the Laboratory of Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Miyazaki University, Japan, No. 95.     

德国鸢尾的分株繁殖试验

为研究德国鸢尾的分株繁殖技术,以德国鸢尾品种‘黑骑士’为材料,研究2种植物激素(6-BA、GA3)与不同喷施浓度(250、500、1000、1500、2000、3000 mg/L)及不同分株季节(春季、秋季)喷施对德国鸢尾分株成活成活率、萌芽率和开花的影响。结果表明,喷施2种激素均能提高分株后萌芽率,其中,1000 mg/L的6-BA、1500 mg/L的GA3使分株后的萌芽率最高;喷施2种激素还能促进德国鸢尾提前开花,3000 mg/L GA3使‘黑骑士’花期提前16天。     

Chromosome association and fertility in hybrids of Iris laevigata Fisch. x I. ensata Thunb.

Summary Chromosome association at MI of PMCs in hybrids of I. laevigata x I. ensata was examined and compared with that of parental species. The mean chromosome association per cell in the parental species was 0.02_I+11.99_II for I. ensata (Kachô, 2n=24), 0.11_I+15.94_II and 0.15_I+15.92_II for I. laevigata (Yukidôrô and wild type, 2n=32), respectively. On the other hand, the mean chromosome association per cell in the hybrids (2n=28) was 20.22_I+3.88_II+0.0046_IV for Yukidôrô × Kachô and 20.92_I+3.54_II for wild type × Kachô. Thus, the hybrids indicated a low homology between I. ensata and I. laevigata, and did not exhibit pollen and seed fertility. The utility of the hybrids was discussed.     

Anthocyanin-flavone copigmentation in bluish purple flowers of Japanese garden iris (Iris ensata Thunb.)

The in vitro identification of copigmentation was carried out using anthocyanins, such as malvidin 3RGac5G, petunidin 3RGac5G and delphinidin 3RGac5G and the flavone isovitexin. These are major pigments of Iris ensata. These anthocyanins brought about copigmentation, i.e., the bathochromic shift (bluing effect) of visible λ max due to increased concentrations of isovitexin, and 32 to 35 nm were estimated as the magnitude (Δλ max) of each shift. In addition, the absorption spectrum of 0.1 mM malvidin 3RGac5G, 0.07 mM petunidin 3RGac5G and 0.7 mM isovitexin mixture closely matched those of the fresh outer perianths of the bluish purple cultivars, ‘Suiten-isshoku’, ‘Hekikai’ and ‘Yakonotama’ which belong to the malvidin 3RGac5G - petunidin 3RGac5G type of I. ensata. Therefore, these results indicated that the bluing effect on the flower color of the bluish purple cultivars of this species was caused at least in part by the copigmentation between these anthocyanins and the flavone isovitexin. For the copigment effects of isovitexin among malvidin 3RGac5G, petunidin 3RGac5G and delphinidin 3RGac5G, λ max and Δλ max of delphinidin 3RGac5G was slightly higher than those of malvidin 3RGac5G or petunidin 3RGac5G, and the copigmentation of delphinidin 3RGac5G was characterized by a higher concentration of isovitexin. Finally, the breeding for blue flowers due to copigmentation of delphinidin 3RGac5G with isovitexin in I. ensata was discussed. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

低温和植物生长调节剂对荷兰鸢尾开花的效应

研究了低温和植物生长调节剂处理种球对荷兰鸢尾开花的效应.结果表明:用1000mg·L-1乙烯利解除种球休眠后,再用低温和赤霉素处理,可使荷兰鸢尾提前112d开花;9月中旬休眠自然解除后,进行低温处理或低温加赤霉素处理,花期分别提前42d和52d;各处理组植株的开花率为82.2%～89.5%,花枝长度为40.3～45.6cm,平均每株繁殖新球6.0～6.7个;通过分批处理、分批种植、设施栽培等措施,能使荷兰鸢尾在12～4月间开花.提出了荷兰鸢尾12～4月连续供花的生产技术流程.