磷酸盐缓冲液的浓度和pH对革胡子鲶肠道抗菌蛋白/肽分级盐析的影响

[目的]探讨磷酸盐缓冲液的pH和浓度在分级盐析时,对革胡子鲶肠道各组分蛋白/肽的影响。[方法]以不同浓度和pH的磷酸盐缓冲液作为组织匀浆缓冲液,在硫酸铵饱和度为20%、40%、60%、80%和100%的条件下,对革胡子鲶肠道抗菌蛋白/肽进行分级盐析,并对盐析产物进行称重、电泳检测和抑菌活性分析。[结果]磷酸盐缓冲液的pH为6.0或7.4时,其浓度对盐析产物产量、蛋白沉淀和抑菌效果无显著影响。而pH为8.0、浓度为0.05 mol/L时,硫酸铵饱和度为60%和100%的粗蛋白/肽的产量显著高于浓度为0.02 mol/L的磷酸盐缓冲液粗蛋白含量;大分子蛋白能更好地在硫酸铵饱和度为20%和40%时沉淀下来,而在饱和度为60%、80%和100%能获得分子量相对较小的抗菌蛋白/肽。磷酸盐缓冲液的pH和浓度对抑菌效果无显著影响。[结论]pH8.0,浓度为0.05 mol/L的磷酸盐缓冲液更适于革胡子鲶肠道抗菌蛋白/肽的提取。     

特异性敲除肠道miR-146a对小鼠肠道菌群的影响

【目的】miR-146a作为抑炎因子,仍然不清楚其是否参与宿主与微生物间的互作,进而影响肠道稳态,因此本文旨在研究miR-146a对小鼠肠道菌群的影响。【方法】以肠道miR-146a特异性敲除小鼠(CKO鼠)及对照小鼠(Flox鼠)为研究对象,利用16S rRNA高通量测序法检测2组空肠段的微生物菌群分布。【结果】测序共获得1 134个用于物种分类的OTUs,包括37门、80纲、161目、198科、261属、117种的细菌;Flox组和CKO组小鼠的空肠微生物中共有46个相同的OTUs;各组肠道微生物中厚壁菌门Firmicutes、拟杆菌门Bacteroidota、疣微菌门Verrucomicrobiota、变形菌门Proteobacteria和脱硫杆菌门Desulfobacterota是优势菌门;2组肠道微生物群落组成整体相似,但CKO组梭状芽孢杆菌纲Clostridia的平均相对丰度高于Flox组(P=0.067),毛螺菌目Lachnospirales平均相对丰度显著高于Flox组(P<0.05),其他层级组成无显著差异。【结论】miR-146a敲除可改变宿主肠道梭状芽孢杆菌...     

Regulatory role of l-proline in fetal pig growth and intestinal epithelial cell proliferation

l-proline (Pro) is a precursor of ornithine, which is converted into polyamines via ornithine decarboxylase (ODC). Polyamines plays a key role in the proliferation of intestinal epithelial cells. The study investigated the effect of Pro on polyamine metabolism and cell proliferation on porcine enterocytes in vivo and in vitro. Twenty-four Huanjiang mini-pigs were randomly assigned into 1 of 3 groups and fed a basal diet that contained 0.77% alanine (Ala, iso-nitrogenous control), 1% Pro or 1% Pro + 0.0167% α-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) from d 15 to 70 of gestation. The fetal body weight and number of fetuses per litter were determined, and the small and large intestines were obtained on d 70 ± 1.78 of gestation. The in vitro study was performed in intestinal porcine epithelial (IPEC-J2) cells cultured in Dulbecco''s modified Eagle medium-high glucose (DMEM-H) containing 0 μmol/L Pro, 400 μmol/L Pro, or 400 μmol/L Pro + 10 mmol/L DFMO for 4 d. The results showed that maternal dietary supplementation with 1% Pro increased fetal weight; the protein and DNA concentrations of the fetal small intestine; and mRNA levels for potassium voltage-gated channel, shaker-related subfamily, member 1 (Kv1.1) in the fetal small and large intestines (P < 0.05). Supplementing Pro to either gilts or IPEC-J2 cells increased ODC protein abundances and polyamine concentrations in the fetal intestines and IPEC-J2 cells (P < 0.05). In comparison with the Pro group, the combined administration of Pro and DFMO reduced the expression of ODC protein and spermine concentration in the fetal intestine, as well as the concentrations of putrescine, spermidine and spermine in IPEC-J2 cells (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the percentage of cells in the S-phase and the mRNA levels of proto-oncogenes c-fos and c-myc were increased in response to Pro supplementation, whereas depletion of cellular polyamines with DFMO increased tumor protein p53 (p53) mRNA levels (P < 0.05). Taken together, dietary supplementation with Pro improved fetal pig growth and intestinal epithelial cell proliferation via enhancing polyamine synthesis.     

黄羊胃肠组织形态学研究

采用石蜡切片方法对健康成年黄羊胃,肠进行了组织形态学观察。结果表明,瘤胃,网胃和瓣胃的胃壁构造基本相同。粘膜上皮都是复层扁平上皮,浅层细胞角化,瘤胃粘膜上形成许多大小不等的舌状乳头。无粘膜肌层;网胃粘膜形成许多皱襞。在皱襞上和网孔底上有许多圆锥状乳头。     

牙鲆仔鱼肠道白浊病病原菌的分离鉴定

对工厂化育苗中患肠道白浊病的牙鲆仔鱼进行了病原菌的分离与特性鉴定,从众多患病仔鱼的肠 道中均分离到几乎纯一的细菌,并对仔鱼的分离培养物进行形态特征检查及理化特性鉴定,结果初步表明所 分离鉴定的病原菌为鳗弧菌(Vibrio anguillarum),为牙鲆仔鱼肠道白浊病的致病菌,测定了对常用抗菌类药 物的敏感性,结果表明分离菌株对环丙沙星等11种药物高度敏感,对林可霉素等4种药物中度敏感,对利福 平等3种药物耐药。     

不同养殖密度下革胡子鲶胃肠道的定量组织学研究

[目的]为革胡子鲶科学的高密度养殖和可持续发展提供参考依据。[方法]研究4种养殖密度(35、65、95、125 kg/m3)下革胡子鲶胃和肠道纹状缘厚度、柱状细胞高、壁厚、肌肉层厚以及肠道杯状细胞大小,分析不同养殖密度对革胡子鲶消化道的组织结构变化的影响。[结果]养殖30 d时,养殖密度仅影响胃和肠道中段的纹状缘厚度。35 kg/m3密度组的胃纹状缘厚度显著低于65、95和125kg/m3密度组。肠中段的纹状缘高在35、65和95 kg/m3密度组间无显著差异,但显著低于125 kg/m3密度组。养殖60 d时,35 kg/m3密度组的肠中段纹状缘显著厚于65、95和125 kg/m3密度组,但粘液细胞则显著小于65、95和125 kg/m3密度组,而65、95和125 kg/m3密度组间纹状缘高度和粘液细胞大小差异不显著。35 kg/m3密度组与65 kg/m3密度组、95 kg/m3密度组与125 kg/m3密度组肠中段和肠后段的肠壁厚和肌肉层厚无显著差异,但35和65 kg/m3密度组显著高于95和125 kg/m3密度组。[结论]养殖密度仅对革胡子鲶胃、肠道组织结构的少量测量指标有影响,与革胡子鲶的高耐受性和适宜高密度养殖的特点相一致。     

原麝胃肠形态特征的初步研究

本项研究结果表明:原麝的胃肠形态位置与羊的相似。麝胃属复胃,分瘤胃、网胃、瓣胃和皱胃。原麝瘤胃的后腹盲囊明显大于后背盲囊,瘤胃柱仅前柱较发达;网胃小房的皱褶低如线状,房底缺次级皱褶;瓣胃页有24片,不分级;皱胃含有腺体。皱胃旋褶有17片。原麝肠的特点是在回肠乳头的腹侧有一憩室,内有由集合淋巴小结形成的Peyer氏斑(板);结肠近袢卷曲成圆盘状。     

投饵与不投饵池塘刺参肠道异养菌区系比较

从2007年6月到2008年5月,对威海市荣成不投饵刺参养殖池塘和青岛市胶南投饵刺参养殖池塘内的刺参肠道内的异养细菌总活菌数的周年变化进行了调查,并分析了刺参肠道内异养细菌的区系组成。结果表明,投饵与不投饵池塘中刺参肠道内活菌的数量随季节总体变化趋势相似,均为春夏季较低,秋冬季较高,但不投饵池塘刺参肠道内活菌数量在0．01水平显著高于投饵池塘。通过对分离得到的菌株鉴定,发现308株细菌分别属于20个属。在投饵和不投饵池塘中,刺参肠道内的优势菌均为弧菌、假单胞菌和芽孢杆菌,但在投饵池塘中,刺参肠道内的弧菌和芽孢杆菌的比例明显高于不投饵池塘,假单胞菌和其他细菌的比例则明显低于不投饵池塘。不投饵池塘刺参肠道细菌Shannon-Wiener多样性指数在夏季明显高于投饵池塘,其他季节差异不明显。从异养细菌的种类组成看,色杆菌属、Endozoicimonas、瑰杆菌属、副球菌属、短杆菌属、Jeotgalicoccus、Glaciecola仅出现在不投饵池塘刺参肠道内,而屈扰杆菌属、希瓦氏菌、八叠球菌属则仅出现在投饵池塘刺参肠道内。     

The immune modifying effects of amino acids on gut-associated lymphoid tissue

The intestine and the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) are essential components of whole body immune defense, protecting the body from foreign antigens and pathogens, while allowing tolerance to commensal bacteria and dietary antigens. The requirement for protein to support the immune system is well established. Less is known regarding the immune modifying properties of individual amino acids, particularly on the GALT. Both oral and parenteral feeding studies have established convincing evidence that not only the total protein intake, but the availability of specific dietary amino acids (in particular glutamine, glutamate, and arginine, and perhaps methionine, cysteine and threonine) are essential to optimizing the immune functions of the intestine and the proximal resident immune cells. These amino acids each have unique properties that include, maintaining the integrity, growth and function of the intestine, as well as normalizing inflammatory cytokine secretion and improving T-lymphocyte numbers, specific T cell functions, and the secretion of IgA by lamina propria cells. Our understanding of this area has come from studies that have supplemented single amino acids to a mixed protein diet and measuring the effect on specific immune parameters. Future studies should be designed using amino acid mixtures that target a number of specific functions of GALT in order to optimize immune function in domestic animals and humans during critical periods of development and various disease states.