Therapeutic antibodies: their mechanisms of action and the pathological findings they induce in toxicity studies

Antibodies can swiftly provide therapeutics to target disease-related molecules discovered in genomic research. Antibody engineering techniques have been actively developed and these technological innovations have intensified the development of therapeutic antibodies. From the mid-1990’s, a series of therapeutic antibodies were launched that are now being used in clinic. The disease areas that therapeutic antibodies can target have subsequently expanded, and antibodies are currently utilized as pharmaceuticals for cancer, inflammatory disease, organ transplantation, cardiovascular disease, infection, respiratory disease, ophthalmologic disease, and so on. This paper briefly describes the modes of action of therapeutic antibodies. Several non-clinical study results of the pathological changes induced by therapeutic antibodies are also presented to aid the future assessment of the toxic potential of an antibody developed as a therapeutic.     

中日两国地区旅游形象设计比较研究及其对我国的启示

指出了地区旅游形象设计不仅仅有助于宣传当地旅游形象,而且有助于扩大本地的知名度,增进人们对本地的好感。为此,很多国家和地区都非常重视旅游形象的设计。从中国和日本的情况来看,由于传统文化思想、审美能力、设计人员的阅历和艺术创造观等诸多方面的差异,使得两国在旅游形象主题词、形象Logo和宣传口号的设计方面出现了不同的特色。针对两国已经公布的地区旅游形象设计进行了深入地剖析与阐述。通过比较研究,有助于两方取长补短,提高旅游形象设计水平,从而更好地开展宣传和扩大相关地区的知名度。     

Induction of resistance against downy mildew pathogen in pearl millet by a synthetic jasmonate analogon

The synthetic 1-oxo-indanoyl-l-isoleucine methyl ester (Ind-Ile-Me) represents a highly active mimic of octadecanoic phytohormones, which are involved in plant defenses against pathogens and pests. Seed treatments and foliar spray with Ind-Ile-Me were tested for induced resistance against downy mildew disease caused by the phytopathogenic oomycete Sclerospora graminicola in pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) under greenhouse and field conditions. Under greenhouse conditions, a 50% protection level was achieved after seed treatment. Seed treatment in combination with foliar spray resulted in 60% protection. The induction of resistance was correlated with the enhanced activities of defense-related proteins such as phenylalanine-ammonia-lyase, peroxidase, and enhanced level of hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins. Under field conditions, a maximum protection of 62% was recorded upon seed treatment along with foliar spray. Hence, it infers that Ind-Ile-Me can be used as a valuable protection compound at least in downy mildew disease management.     

谷子抽穗时间基因SiTOC1的表达与单倍型变异分析

【目的】谷子抽穗时间的适应性表现是广适性新品种选育的基础,分析抽穗时间关键基因的遗传变异和单倍型效应,为品种适应性改良提供基础信息。【方法】通过全基因组关联分析（genome-wide association study,GWAS）,定位谷子抽穗时间关键基因SiTOC1,利用多组学数据库（multi-omics database for Setaria italica,MDSi）提供的SiTOC1数字表达量,分析SiTOC1的组织时空表达特性,并利用原生质体对SiTOC1蛋白进行亚细胞定位。采用qRT-PCR在短日（10 h光照/14 h黑暗）条件下进行SiTOC1 24 h节律表达模式分析。利用有代表性的99份谷子品种,分析SiTOC1编码区和启动子区的遗传多态性、单倍型以及转录水平,并对单倍型与抽穗时间的关系进行鉴定。【结果】在第1染色体物理位置31 456 761 bp处鉴定到了一个显著的关联信号,与抽穗时间紧密相关,该位点附近存在一个拟南芥抽穗期TOC1的同源基因SiTOC1。SiTOC1在光周期响应组织（根、茎、叶等）中高表达,亚细胞定位于细胞核,在傍晚表达量上调,呈现出24 h节律性表达模式。SiTOC1在不同谷子品种中存在丰富的多态性,但REC和CCT结构域高度保守。SiTOC1编码区2种主要单倍型H-2和H-6分别与启动子单倍型Hp-591C和Hp-591A共分离,其中,启动子单倍型Hp-591C较Hp-591A的相对表达量显著上调了约2.5倍（P=0.014）,并且该单倍型在三亚市、长治市和乌鲁木齐市3个环境下的抽穗时间分别平均延迟9、11和12 d。【结论】SiTOC1启动子区第591 bp处的SNP是引起抽穗时间差异的主效位点,单倍型Hp-591A较Hp-591C早熟,可作为主效单倍型用于分子育种选择。     

抽排厕所废物原位发酵回用可行性研究：杭桥村案例

为适应农村居民对现代化生活的追求、顺应可持续发展的趋势,本研究结合我国农村实情提出以“抽吸式-源分离-就地就近资源化”为技术路线的现代资源化模式作为农村家庭粪尿处置与利用的解决方案,选取一自然聚落,建设服务于20户居民的示范工程开展可行性研究。方案采用组合式多级厌氧发酵制肥工艺对单独收集的抽排厕所废物进行无害化处理,就地就近回用于附近农田,考察抽排厕所废物性质,对制肥设施进行定期监测,并于运行32个月后破拆清扫、取样分析。结果显示：设施未出现堵塞、满溢及渗漏现象,污泥积累不超过设施总有效高度的20%且充分稳定,具有维护简单、清扫周期长的特点;设施出液及底泥均未检出活寄生虫卵,粪大肠菌值>10^-4,符合《粪便无害化卫生要求》（GB 7959—2012）中的卫生标准;设施出液及底泥的总养分含量分别为0.18%和0.43%,有机质含量分别为0.05%和2.65%,每年产生的出液及污泥共计可取代氮肥（N）161.19 kg、磷肥（P₂O₅）9.67 kg、钾肥（K₂O）42.11 kg。现代资源化模式的成功运用不仅可以提高居民生活水平,还能满足可持续发展要求,降低家庭废物处理成本的同时,实现资源就地回用,具有较高的工程应用和推广价值。     

Effect of simulated transport stress on the rat small intestine: A morphological and gene expression study

The present study investigated the effects of simulated transport stress on morphology and gene expression in the small intestine of laboratory rats. Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to 35 °C and 0.1×g on a constant temperature shaker for physiological, biochemical, morphological and microarray analysis before and after treatment. The treatment induced obvious stress responses with significant decreases in body weight (P < 0.01), increases in rectal temperature, serum corticosterone (CORT), serum glucose (GLU), creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels (P < 0.01), as well as expression of Hsp27/70/90 mRNA (P < 0.05; P < 0.01). The rat jejunum was severely damaged and apoptotic after mimicking transport stress, which may mainly be related to cell death, oxidation reduction and hormone imbalance determined by microarray analysis. The bioinformatics analysis from the present study would provide insight into the potential mechanisms underlying transport stress-induced injury in the rat small intestine.     

Orexin and orexin receptor like peptides in the gastroenteric tract of Gallus domesticus: An immunohistochemical survey on presence and distribution

This study reports the immunohistochemical localization and distribution of orexin A and B-like and their receptors-like peptides in the gastroenteric tract of chicken. The immunoreactivity is distributed in endocrine cells, nerve fibers and neurons, both in the stomach and intestine, and shows a discrete conformity with the data till now reported for Mammals. Our study suggests a possible participation of orexin-like peptides in the modulation of chicken gastroenteric activities and the preservation of their main distribution compared to Mammals. Western blot analysis has confirmed the presence of prepro-orexin and both receptors in the examined tissues.     

Risk factors for occupational brucellosis among veterinary personnel in Turkey

Veterinarians and veterinary technicians are at risk for occupational brucellosis. We described the risk factors of occupational brucellosis among veterinary personnel in Turkey. A multicenter retrospective survey was performed among veterinary personnel who were actively working in the field. Of 712 veterinary personnel, 84 (11.8%) had occupational brucellosis. The median number of years since graduation was 7 (interquartile ranges [IQR], 4–11) years in the occupational brucellosis group, whereas this number was 9 (IQR, 4–16) years in the non-brucellosis group (p < 0.001). In multivariable analysis, working in the private sector (odds ratio [OR], 2.8; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.55–5.28, p = 0.001), being male (OR, 4.5; 95% CI, 1.05–18.84, p = 0.041), number of performed deliveries (OR, 1.01; 95% CI, 1.002–1.02, p = 0.014), and injury during Brucella vaccine administration (OR, 5.4; 95% CI, 3.16–9.3, p < 0.001) were found to be risk factors for occupational brucellosis. We suggest that all veterinary personnel should be trained on brucellosis and the importance of using personal protective equipment in order to avoid this infection.     

北京密云县发展农业文化创意产业的研究

通过研究北京密云县发展农业文化创意产业的实践,提出密云县"‘科技-生态-文化-服务’四轮驱动"的农业文化创意产业模式。提高科技水平、加强生态文明建设和文化建设、促进资源聚集、开发可持续产业是发展农业文化创意产业的重要内容。     

贵州省三次产业结构变动效应分析

依据2001—2011年贵州省产业结构及经济增长统计数据,从产业结构以及就业角度,运用产业结构偏离度和经济计量模型分析方法,对贵州省产业结构的变动对经济增长的贡献进行了实证研究。结果表明:第三产业对经济增长的贡献最大。应着力提高第三产业的比重,优化三次产业结构,促进经济增长。