高寒地区番茄棉铃虫的防治

广灵是京、津、唐、保定等地的远郊蔬菜生产基地。近几年,棉铃虫对番茄的为害日益严重,为此采用综合措施防治,效果显著。     

Reflectance-based assessment of spider mite “bio-response” to maize leaves and plant potassium content in different irrigation regimes

It is widely accepted that pest infestations elicit a change in plant physiology, which cause detectable changes in crop leaf reflectance. In this study, we test the hypothesis that crop leaf reflectance may also be used to forecast the risk of pest infestation before they actually occur. We collected reflectance data in 160 spectral bands from 405 to 907 nm from excised leaf pieces from field grown maize plants under 3 irrigation regimes. Leaf material was collected at weekly intervals in two growing seasons. The same leaf pieces were used in choice bioassays with carmine spider mites to assess attractiveness to mites (spider mite “bio-response”) across irrigation regimes. In one growing season, we also obtained nutritional element data (lipid, protein, soluble sugar, starch, lignin, Ca, P, Mg, K, S, and Cl) from whole maize plants. Principal component analysis showed that potassium content (K) was highly negatively correlated with spider mite bio-response. Relative reflectance at 740 nm showed a highly significant and positive trend across spider mite bio-response classes, and that potassium content showed a highly significant and negative trend across the same classes. Thus, we argue that relative reflectance at 740 nm may be used to predict both potassium content and risk of spider mite infestation. Based on extensive reviews, potassium leaf content is known to reduce susceptibility of crops to pests. The results presented provide encouraging support for remotely sensed risk assessment of pest infestations through reflectance-based monitoring of maize leaf attractiveness and highlight that reflectance based monitoring of crop susceptibility may be possible through careful management of macro element crop properties, such as potassium content.     

人造板表面装饰环保工艺技术探讨

营造绿色健康的生活环境已成为我国社会乃至全人类十分关心的问题。着重介绍人造板装饰环保工艺的技术。     

基于ANSYS的木质基复合材料的静力学分析

采用有限元软件ANSYS对木质基复合板进行静力分析,分析其在加载过程中的位移和应力等情况,得出材料的变形及受力规律,以便人们在板的制作过程中对其大应力及大位移区做特殊处理,保证在使用过程中不因结构的部分失效而影响整个结构的工作。本文中分别就不同铺层方向四层结构复合板以及相同铺层方向单、四层等厚度板分别建立模型,并在相同受力与约束情况下进行静力学分析,得出一些对生产实际具有指导意义的结论。     

电工层压木中如何提高单板出板率

电工层压木板是一种新型绝缘材料,并早已被大规模用于变压器、互感器等电气制造业;它具有与变压器油相容性好、介损低、变形小等优点。本文主要介绍了在电工层压木板生产中单板出板率是一个重要经济指标并较详细地分析了其提高单板出板率的原理及工艺流程。     

胶东地区白蚁流行特点及防治情况

介绍了烟台市白蚁的流行情况及危害特点，阐述了其产生的相关原因，并结合山东省烟台市房屋安全监理中心对白蚁防治工作的特点，对未来白蚁防治发展情况进行了阐述。     

稻秆潜蝇综合防治技术研究

稻秆潜蝇是浙南山区水稻生产的重要害虫.通过推广薄膜育秧、绿肥田除草、选用抗性品种、实行健身栽培、生态控制等一系列综合防治技术,可达到经济有效的防治效果.在水稻整个生长期可减少用药1～2次,稻秆潜蝇穗被害率减轻41.03%,病虫害损失控制在3.6%以内,稻谷增产9.2%,稻田害虫天敌蜘蛛和黑肩绿盲蝽分别增加38.1%和26.3%,获得了明显的生态、经济效益.     

The management of intensive dairy farms can be improved for better welfare and milk yield

The intensive breeding is often considered a risk of low welfare in dairy cows. Namely, the high yield has been suggested to be per se a cause of well-being reduction. Conversely, we have in many farms demonstrated that high milk yielding cows are not necessarily in a bad welfare condition, while many environmental and management problems can cause a distress situation and a reduced milk yield. To confirm these results, in an average yielding dairy farm affected by several problems, the welfare was assessed according to an Integrated Diagnostic System which considers health status, milk yield and quality, feeding strategy, blood profiles etc. The same check-up has been repeated a year later, after some attempts to correct main mistakes previously observed: dry and lactating cow diets, n° of cubicles, hygiene conditions, preparation and milking procedures etc. In one year only part of the mistakes have been fully corrected; nevertheless, the animal response was definitively improved suggesting a better welfare situation: improvement of teat and body condition (BCS) scores and reduction of open days, of legs and feet lesions and of somatic cell count (SCC : 283 vs. 456 cells/μl) as well as an increase of milk yield (25.2 vs. 20.1 kg/d).

Results confirmed that better breeding techniques can optimise the animal welfare and optimise milk yield in the intensive systems.     

不同饲用燕麦品种生产性能的综合评价

基于熵权赋权法,运用灰色系统理论中的灰色关联度法对26个燕麦品种的生产性能进行综合评价,结果表明,生产性能综合表现较好的是初岛燕麦、青永久409、青永久709及青永久316;青永久18综合评价值最低,生产性能最差,其余品种生产性能表现一般。经逐步回归分析,发现其中的绿叶数、叶长、茎叶比、鲜干比、生长速度、叶面积指数、相对生长速率及生长天数8个指标对饲用燕麦生产性能贡献显著。     

Significance of leaf infection by Botrytis cinerea in stem rotting of tomatoes grown in non-heated greenhouses

The most serious symptom of Botrytis cinerea in tomatoes grown in greenhouses is stem rotting. Lesions on the stem may result from direct infection or from progression of the rot along infected leaves, until infection approaches the stem. In a set of experiments conducted in commercial greenhouses, an experimental greenhouse and growth chambers, the significance of the two types of stem infections was studied. In non-heated greenhouses most of the stem lesions originated from progression of the pathogen along infected petioles. The rate at which B. cinerea had progressed on infected petioles was 0.3–0.5 cm/day, an average of ca. 6 weeks was needed for a leaf infection to approach the stem. Application of Trichoderma harzianum T39 extended this time by 1–2 weeks and application of chemical fungicides by 3 weeks. Influence of the environment on the progression of B. cinerea along infected petioles was then determined. Within range of 5–30 °C, the higher the temperature, the more rapid was the rate of disease progression. The fungus progressed more rapidly on tomato petioles incubated at high vapour pressure deficit (VPD) rather than at low VPD. The source-sink relationship of the plant governed the rate of B. cinerea progression along the petioles as well: it was more rapid when the source was restricted (by shading) and slower when the sink was restricted (by removal of flowers and small fruits). The possibility that sanitation of infected leaflets would reduce the incidence of stem rotting was examined in two experiments. In plots not treated with a fungicide, the sanitation treatment substantially decreased the incidence of stem lesions and this treatment was as effective as weekly application of chemical fungicides.