棉花苗期常见虫害的鉴别与防治

棉花苗期是防治棉花病虫害的有利时期,这一时期的虫害主要有蚜虫、地老虎、红蜘蛛等,该文介绍了这3种棉花苗期虫害的主要为害特征及防治方法,以期为实际生产提供科学指导。     

高温处理对烟草甲各虫态的致死作用研究

[目的]为有效实施烟草储藏害虫综合治理、确保烟草及其制品品质提供新方法。[方法]研究不同温度（25、35、45、55、60、65℃）下处理不同时间（60、75、90、105、120 s）对烟草甲成虫、蛹、幼虫和卵的致死作用。[结果]结果表明,不同处理温度、不同处理时间对烟草甲各虫态的致死作用效果差异显著。在处理温度为25、35和45℃时,该试验各个处理时间对烟草甲各虫态均无致死作用,而在处理温度为55℃以上时对烟草甲各虫态均具有较强的致死作用。在处理温度为60℃时,对烟草甲成虫、蛹、幼虫和卵达到100%致死作用的最短处理时间分别为90、120、75和75 s。[结论]高温处理可以作为一种有效的害虫防治方式运用到储烟害虫综合治理当中。     

Functional analysis of the venom allergen-like protein gene from pine wood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus using a baculovirus expression system

The pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, infects pine trees, leading to fatal pine wilt disease. Here, recombinant venom allergen-like protein (VAP) was obtained by expressing Bx-vap-1 in insect cells. Three-year-old Pinus massoniana were inoculated with recombinant VAP, simulating B. xylophilus esophageal gland secretions. Recombinant VAP up-regulated α-pinene synthase gene expression, the trees showed disease symptoms 15 d after inoculation and the xylem pith revealed brown tissue discoloration, indicating that recombinant VAP could damage P. massoniana cells. Recombinant VAP did not, however, lead to cavitation, indicating that the VAP secreted from B. xylophilus acts as a defense response elicitor.     

园林常见树种病虫害调查与防治

人类的过度建设,忽略了植物群落稳定的建设,不同程度地改变了城市环境和自然植被(natural vegetation)生境,盲目引种外来植物,导致了城市园林植物病虫害的不同程度的发生。通过对常见园林树木病虫害调查分析,总结了一些基本防治方法,为园林树木种植、管理提供参考资料。     

Observations on the occurrence and phenology of the invasive elm defoliator Aproceros leucopoda (Hymenoptera: Argidae) in the Czech Republic

Aproceros leucopoda has been found at nine locations in urban areas and in forests in the Czech Republic. Aproceros leucopoda was first reported at a location 700 m a.s.l. in the northern part of the country in 2011. The other locations range in elevation from 150 to 460 m a.s.l. In the current study, A. leucopoda was studied in four plots, where larvae and their zigzag feeding tracks were observed on 10 Ulmus trees located south of Lanžhot (southeastern Czech Republic) in 2014 and 2015. In 2014, feeding tracks and larvae were detected in late May, from 22 June to 13 July, and from 9 August to 6 September, suggesting the occurrence of three generations per year in the southeastern Czech Republic. The southern Czech Republic has been colonized much earlier than other parts of the country because of its proximity to localities with A. leucopoda in Slovakia and Austria. The presence of larvae or evidence of larval feeding was detected on only 2.84% of monitored leaves. We suggest that A. leucopoda endangers solitary elms in urban greening areas more than elms in forests.     

Mechanism of action of insecticidal secondary metabolites of plant origin

Insect pest management is facing the economic and ecological challenge worldwide due to the human and environmental hazards caused by majority of the synthetic pesticide chemicals. Identification of novel effective insecticidal compounds is essential to combat increasing resistance rates. Botanicals containing active insecticidal phytochemicals appear to be promising to address some of these problems. Therefore, there is a continuous need to explore new active molecules with different mechanisms of action. Secondary metabolites present in plants apparently function as defense (toxic), which inhibits reproduction and other processes. The phytochemical biomolecules could be used for maximizing the effectiveness and specificity in future insecticide design with specific or multiple target sites, while ensuring the economic and ecological sustainability. In this article, the current state of knowledge on phytochemical sources and insecticidal activity, their mechanism of action in insects, resistance, and promising advances made in phytochemical research are reviewed.     

Advances in the application of neuropeptides in insect control

The development of a new approach for the generation of a novel type of putative insect control agents based on backbone cyclic peptidomimetic antagonists of insect-neuropeptides is reported. The approach, termed the backbone cyclic neuropetide based on autogonist (BBC-NBA) was applied to the insect pyrokinin/pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide (PBAN) family as a model, and led to the discovery of a potent linear lead antagonist and several highly potent, metabolically stable BBC peptidomimetic antagonists, devoid of agonistic activity, which inhibited in vivo PBAN-mediated activities in moths.     

关系模型在绿化植物有害生物数据库中的应用

介绍了关系数据库概念和关系模型的设计理论,阐述了关系模型中关系数据结构、关系操作、关系规范等在绿化植物有害生物数据库中的具体应用。     

The Effects of Foliar Fertilization on Pest Control of Cowpea

研究了经不同叶面肥处理后，豇豆白粉病、锈病、豆野螟的发生情况，测定了多酚氧化酶(PPO)、产量指标，结果表明，合理施肥能够提高植物对有害生物的抗性，增加产量，保证品质。综合各方面因素，各种施肥措施中以施海藻有机肥效果较好。     

太行山区苹果园昆虫群落及其动态变化研究

研究了河北太行山中南部苹果园昆虫群落的组成、发展演替、群落的空间、时间格局;揭示了苹果生长季节昆虫群落结构的变动规律,确定了不同时期、不同部位的害虫优势种;明确了苹果园昆虫多样性、均匀度和优势度参数变化较大,在太行山区苹果园生态系统中,仅靠天敌的作用,不能起到控制害虫危害目的,需以人工干预。