病虫害防治新探索

通过对化学方法进行病虫害防治可导致环境及人类为害的分析,提出了利用物理学中共振原理进行病虫害防治的新思路,探讨了其应用前景。     

浅谈我市行道树存在问题及发展对策

介绍了我市行道树栽植的主要树种、比例和常见病虫害,分析了存在的问题和今后发展对策。     

昆虫资源在旅游上的开发应用

本文提出了发展昆虫旅游景观的几个途径:建设观赏昆虫景观、鸣叫昆虫景观、昆虫迪斯尼乐园、昆虫美食村、生态旅游庄园、昆虫博物馆,开发昆虫纪念品,并指出了发展昆虫旅游的几个注意事项。     

昆虫双胸复合体(BX-C)基因研究进展

双胸复合体(BX-C)作为Hox基因簇的两个复合体之一,包括Ultrabithorax(Ubx)、abdominal-A(abd-A)、Abdominal-B(Abd-B)3个基因及其间的顺式调控区域,在动物躯体模式的发育过程中具有重要作用。昆虫双胸复合体基因主要规定其后胸及腹部形态的特异性,通过与其上、下游靶基因一起或以自身基因间的相互调控作用行使功能。本文以模式昆虫果蝇为主,结合家蚕、蝴蝶、赤拟谷盗等,对双胸复合体在昆虫体节规定、附件发育及内部器官分化等过程中的作用与基因间的相互调控关系进行了综述。     

Potential environmental consequences of administration of ectoparasiticides to sheep

Sheep ectoparasiticides, which include the synthetic pyrethroids, the organophosphates, the 'insect'-growth regulators, the formamidines and the spinocyns, enter into the environment primarily through disposal of dip or fleece scours, as well as with contaminated faeces and urine. Due to the large quantities of spent dip, risks associated with environmental contamination are high. Synthetic pyrethroids and organophosphates pose risks to dung, soil and aquatic fauna; concerns over potential ecotoxicity to vertebrates and invertebrates have resulted in the cessation of their use in many countries. There is very little information regarding the ecotoxicity of 'insect'-growth regulators, formamidines or spinocyns, with no studies focussing on sheep. Here, the impact of sheep ectoparasiticides is discussed in terms of their potential to enter into the environment, their toxicity and their impact on ecosystem functioning. Where there are no data for excretion or toxicity of the ectoparasiticides used in sheep production, examples to demonstrate potential impacts are taken from laboratory ecotoxicity tests and the cattle literature, as well on work with foliar insecticides. Future research priorities are suggested to allow assessment of the environmental consequences of sheep ectoparasiticide treatments, which are essential for future sustainable sheep production.     

对我国非林区营造速生丰产林数据的分析

杨树在我国的主要林区是以天然更新为主,人工林很少。非林区的杨树主要是以防护林为主。而随着市场对杨树的需求日益增强,大力发展杨树速生丰产林是大势所趋。本文具体分析了国外杨树栽培的成功经验和数据,并结合我国的实际情况,提出应该取长补短迅速培育杨树速生丰产林,可为我国的经济建设提供服务。     

密度和磷钾肥配比对棉花盛花期主要害虫和天敌种群的影响

以转Bt基因抗虫棉科棉 1号为试验品种 ,调查了盛花期棉田主要害虫和天敌的种群数量。结果表明 :棉铃虫、棉花卷叶螟和棉叶蝉的百株虫量在低密度条件下较低 ,高密度条件下较高 ;随磷钾肥配比的提高而增加。盲蝽在高密度中配比和低密度高配比条件下发生量较高 ,在高密度低配比和低密度中配比条件下发生量较低。瓢虫和叶蝉的发生基本一致 ,两者具有追随关系 ;寄生蜂和盲蝽的发生也基本一致 ,两者间相关系数达极显著 ,具有明显的追随关系。盛花期棉叶生理活性与主要害虫和天敌种群数量具有密切关系 ,表明棉株营养是影响转Bt基因抗虫棉田害虫和天敌发生的重要因素 ,对棉田害虫进行综合防治必须考虑到棉花的种植密度和肥料运筹。     

阿坝州花椒蛀干害虫调查研究

对阿坝州花椒人工林蛀干害虫进行了较全面的调查.结果表明：阿坝州椒树受蛀干害虫危害严重,平均危害率85.2％,全州椒树平均寿命不超过8年.蛀干害虫种类复杂,主要有嫩枝天牛、虎斑天牛、台湾狭天牛、椒树长足象鼻虫等.随着海拔的不同,蛀干害虫的分布有较大差异.低海拔区以嫩枝天牛、椒树长足象鼻虫为主,高海拔区则以虎斑天牛、台湾狭天牛为主.     

Four Decades of Breeding for Varietal Improvement of Irrigated Lowland Rice in the International Rice Research Institute

Abstract

Since the establishment of the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) in 1960, IRRI’s breeding effort in varietal improvement for irrigated lowland has passed four decades. Breeding of semi-dwarf rice varieties such as IR8 at IRRI during first decade from 1960 to 1969 resulted in quantum leaps in yield potential, which marked the green revolution in Asia. During the second decade from 1970 to 1979, the primary emphasis of rice improvement has been directed towards incorporation of multiple disease and insect resistance and shortening of growth duration. Grain quality was the main target of crop improvement at IRRI during the third decade from 1980 to 1989. The fourth decade from 1990 to 1999 and beyond was focused again on the improvement of yield potential by developing hybrid rice and new plant type. Up to 1999, 46 indica inbred varieties and 2 indica/indica hybrid rice varieties were developed by IRRI and released in the Philippines for the irrigated lowland rice systems. Large-scale adoption of these improved varieties under modern crop management practices has resulted in a dramatic increase in rice production in major rice-growing countries. The hybrid varieties between indicas increased yield potential by 9% under the tropical conditions. New plant type (NPT) breeding has not yet resulted in an increase in yield potential. The second generation NPT developed by crossing tropical japonica with indica has demonstrated some promising results in terms of improvements in yield potential, disease and insect resistance, and grain quality.     

豆谷类及其制品辐照杀虫防霉剂量要求研究

[目的]研究豆谷类及其制品辐照杀虫防霉工艺,阐述吸收剂量确定的依据。[方法]根据国内外研究结果和国际上有关辐照豆谷类及其制品杀虫防霉工艺规范中的规定,采用60Co-γ射线对豆谷类及其制品进行辐照杀虫防霉处理。[结果]试验得出,确定豆类、谷类辐照杀虫最低有效剂量为0．3kGy,豆类、谷类及其制品类辐照防霉最低有效剂量为3．0kGy,最高耐受剂量为7．0kGy。确定豆谷类及其制品辐照杀菌的适宜剂量范围为3．0～5．0kGy。[结论]研究可为提高优质谷类及其制品卫生质量品质、规范辐照加工生产提供参考依据。