Analysis based on RAPD and ISSR Markers Reveals Closer Similarities among <Emphasis Type="Italic">Citrullus</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic"> Cucumis</Emphasis> Species than with <Emphasis Type="Italic">Praecitrullus fistulosus</Emphasis> (Stocks) Pangalo

A cucurbit species named Praecitrullus fistulosus (Stocks) Pangalo, which thrives in India, is considered to be a distant relative of watermelon. Recent experiments indicated that it has mild resistance to whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci). However, our attempts to cross various US plant introductions (PIs) of P. fistulosus with watermelon or other Citrullus PIs have not been successful. Thus, to determine genetic relatedness among those species, phylogenetic analysis [based on simple sequence repeat (SSR)–anchored (also termed ISSR), and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers] was conducted among PIs of P. fistulosus, Citrullus lanatus var. lanatus (watermelon), C. lanatus var. citroides and the wild Citrullus colocynthis. Phylogenetic relationships were also examined with Cucumis melo (melon), Cucumis sativus (cucumber), and wild Cucumis species including C. africanus, C. metuliferus, C. anguria, C. meeusei, and C. zeyheri. Wide genetic distance exists between Citrullus and Cucumis groups (8% genetic similarity). Phylogenetic relationships among Citrullus species and subspecies are closer (25–55% genetic similarity) as compared with those among most Cucumis species (14–68% genetic similarity). P. fistulosus appeared to be distant from both Cucumis and Citrullus species (genetic similarity between P. fistulosus and Cucumis or Citrullus groups is less than 3%). Although wide genetic differences and reproductive barriers exist among cucurbit species examined in this study, they are still considered as potential germplasm source for enhancing watermelon and melon crops using traditional breeding and biotechnology procedures.     

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研究了7个供试水稻品种孕穗期叶片色素以及含水率与高光谱特征参数之间的关系.在绿峰反射、红谷吸收以及水分吸收处,不同供试水稻品种高光谱波段反射率有显著差异.利用相关的分析方法,以(R6,40-R670)/R670、(R800-R680)/(R800+R800)、1/R510-1/R550、Dr、Sr、Rg6个光谱参数构建水稻叶片色素模型;同时,分析1 450 nm处水稻叶片含水率与吸收深度及吸收面积的相关性.研究表明,不同品种水稻含水率与光谱吸收差异在一定程度上反映出水稻品种间抗虫性差异.水稻叶片色素、含水率的高光谱特征在较大尺度上对田间水稻品种分类、健康诊断和品种抗性鉴定上有重大意义.     

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介绍了枸杞病虫害农业、生物、物理和化学防控技术。     

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2009～2011年的江苏金坛茶树主要病虫害调查结果表明:茶树的虫害分属9目37科73种,其中鳞翅目、同翅目害虫是为害金坛茶树的优势种群,有2目共21科48种,占总种数的65.75%;茶叶的病害主要有8种茶树叶病害和4种枝杆病害。此外还介绍了各种病虫害的为害方式及其程度。     

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通过对太行山区苹果园主要病虫种群进行调查,明确了造成经济为害的病虫种类。按照有机食品生产防控要求,从果园生态系统维护、加强生产全过程的管理、应急防控措施应用几方面进行了生态友好型病虫防控措施的探讨,以期为太行山区有机苹果生产提供一定的技术指导。     

病虫害防治新探索

通过对化学方法进行病虫害防治可导致环境及人类为害的分析,提出了利用物理学中共振原理进行病虫害防治的新思路,探讨了其应用前景。     

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