棉花抗虫核不育系的培育研究

棉花抗虫核不育系的培育研究＊靖深蓉邢朝柱袁有禄刘少林郭立平王海林（中国农业科学院棉花研究所,河南安阳４５５１１２）ＤｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｏｆＮｕｃｌｅａｒＭａｌｅＳｔｅｒｉｌｅＬｉｎｅｓｏｆＵｐｌａｎｄＣｏｔｏｎＲｅｓｉｓｔａｎｔｔｏＣｏｔｏｎＢｏｌ...     

枣步曲幼虫排粪量的研究及应用

本文采用野外罩枝放养幼虫以及观察林间样树上幼虫一昼夜自然落粪数等方法对危害枣树的枣步曲幼虫的排粪量的特性进行了研究 ,并应用排粪量来推算枣树上的虫口密度。结果表明 :枣步曲幼虫的排粪量与日平均气温及昼夜温度的变化密切相关 ,但各龄幼虫间变化不大 ;枣步曲幼虫的排粪量随着龄期的增长而呈几何级数增加 ;枣步曲幼虫在枣树上的分布比较均匀 ,各方位间无显著差 ;建立了以日平均气温和排粪量为自变量来推算出虫口密度的动态模型n =mF =m1 6849+0 81 42T     

对农业害虫防治策略与技术的展望

基于生态学的有害生物治理（ＥＢＰＭ）或生态管理被认为是新世纪农业有害生物防治的新对策。以经济学和生态学原则为基础的,应用系统工程的原理和方法设计的生态调控方法将越来越受到人们的重视;植保信息技术的应用,将大大提高害虫监测,预报和管理决策的水平;昆虫基因工程技术的开发,将开辟新的害虫防治途径。     

不同杨树树种枝条木质部酚类次生代谢物质的分析

采用高效液相色谱法,对８个杨树树种枝条木质部次生代谢物质种类和含量进行了分析。共测定次生代谢物质１４种,不同杨树的次生代谢物质种类有所不同,在含量上也存在显著差异。对次生代谢物质进行聚类分析表明：８个杨树树种中白杨派的毛白杨和新疆杨为一类,另外６种黑杨派及其杂交类群的杨树为另一类。     

Insect (black soldier fly larvae) oil as a potential substitute for fish or soy oil in the fish meal-based diet of juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Alternative sources of fish oil (FO) are one of the major problems in aquaculture; therefore, the goal of the present study was to examine insect (black soldier fly larvae) oil (BSLO) as a potential replacer of fish/soy oil in juvenile rainbow trout (initial average weight of 32 ± 0.15 g) feed. Four diets were formulated wherein FO (control diet) was completely replaced with either soybean oil (SO) or BSLO, and an additional BSLO-based diet supplemented with 1.5% bile acid (BSLO + BA) were fed to the fish for 10 weeks. Growth performance of the BSLO fed group was similar (P > 0.05) to that of the FO and SO fed groups, however, the fish fed BSLO + BA diet registered the lowest growth (P < 0.05). Oil sources did not (P > 0.05) affect the major nutrient content of whole-body, however, the fatty acid composition of the muscle and liver was influenced (P < 0.05), with the highest 14:0, 16:0, and total saturated fatty acid detected in BSLO or BSLO + BA fed trout compared to the others (P < 0.001). No significant differences were observed in eicosapentaenoic acid + docosahexaenoic acid (EPA + DHA) or total n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content in muscle among the groups, whereas, the highest EPA:DHA and n-3:n-6 ratios were detected in the FO group. Gene expression for fatty acid binding protein (fabp), fatty acid synthase (fas), and Δ5 desaturase in the liver was lower in FO (P < 0.05), while BSLO + BA registered the highest Δ6 expression (P = 0.006). Supplementation of BA in the BSLO diet increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities compared to the other groups (P < 0.05). In conclusion, BSLO could serve as a substitute for FO and SO in rainbow trout diet without negatively impacting growth performance, whole-body composition and nutrient retention, and modulate the expression of fatty acid metabolism-related genes in rainbow trout.     

2005-2020年转Bt基因棉花抗虫性变化及其与产量性状的相关性分析

为了给转Bt基因棉花在科研和生产上多世代可持续利用提供依据,以转Bt基因棉花品种银山8号为试验材料,从2005年开始,连续16年进行跟踪研究。结果表明,随种植世代的增加,生物测定银山8号第2～4代棉铃虫幼虫校正死亡率、铃期叶片和铃期小铃杀虫蛋白表达量均有不同程度的线性上升趋势,同时皮棉产量线性回归也呈增长趋势;苗期叶片、蕾期叶片和蕾期小蕾杀虫蛋白表达量呈线性下降趋势。相关性分析表明,抗虫棉的抗虫性与皮棉产量间均呈正相关,株铃数和衣分是构成皮棉产量的重要因子,与皮棉产量的相关性分别达到极显著和显著水平。外源Bt基因转入棉花后能稳定遗传给后代,通过卡那霉素鉴定和系统选择可以持续保持转Bt基因棉花多世代的抗虫性,甚至通过提纯复壮逐年优选,可实现转Bt基因抗虫棉特定生育时期或部分棉花器官抗虫性的提高。     

中国农作物病虫害防控科技的发展方向

中国是世界上农作物病虫害发生最严重的国家之一,常年发生1700余种。近年来,受全球气候变化、经济一体化和农业产业结构调整等诸多因素的影响,中国农作物病虫害问题趋于严重。化学农药是目前中国防治农作物病虫害的最主要手段,农药的大量使用在控制有害生物的同时,也带来了农药残留超标、环境污染、害虫抗药性与再猖獗等一系列问题。因此,发展绿色防控科技,大幅度降低化学农药的用量是中国植物保护科研工作的核心任务,其重点发展方向包括：产业结构调整、全球经济一体化和气候变化等因素对重大病虫害种群演替规律的影响,基于现代生物技术、信息技术、新材料与先进制造的植保新理论、新方法与新产品,绿色防治关键技术与产品,化学农药精准施药和残留检测追溯技术,智能化植物保护装备,以及区域性病虫害绿色可持续控制模式等。     

Functional dominance of different aged larvae of Bt-resistant Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on transgenic maize expressing Vip3Aa20 protein

Fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), is the main target pest of transgenic maize expressing insecticidal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt) in Brazil. To optimize resistance management strategies, we evaluated the functional dominance of different aged larvae of Bt-resistant FAW on Vip3Aa20 maize. We measured the survival and development of Vip3Aa20-resistant, -heterozygote, and -susceptible strains on MIR162 (expressing Vip3Aa20) and Bt11 × MIR162 × GA21 (expressing Vip3Aa20 and Cry1Ab) maize. The resistant strain, from neonate to sixth instar, showed more than 72% survival on Vip3Aa20 maize. From surviving larvae, more than 64 and 54% developed to pupae and adults, respectively. In contrast, heterozygote and susceptible strains showed no larval survival up to fourth instar, and less than 25% larval survival in the fifth and sixth instar on Vip3Aa20 maize. These larvae produced less than 21% of pupae and adults. The development time of FAW strains from neonate-to-adult exposed to Vip3Aa20 maize was similar; however, the resistant strain showed an increase of ∼ 2 d when compared to those fed only non-Bt maize. In summary, the resistance of S. frugiperda to Vip3Aa20 maize is functionally recessive from neonate up to fourth instar larvae. However, high larval survival of resistant strain and some survival of heterozygote larvae in advanced instars on Vip3Aa20 maize were observed. These results will be important for designing insect resistance management to Bt maize plants expressing Vip3Aa20 protein in Brazil.     

杨圆蚧发生地虫情调查及防治

[目的]为掌握杨圆蚧发生地虫情及防治杨圆蚧提供可靠依据。[方法]在付家林场各分场进行实地考察,于5月末在杨圆蚧发生比较重的新立分场进行了踏查,并对重点地块进行了抽样调查。[结果]杨园蚧是一种危害树木树干的害虫,近年来在昌图付家地区危害频发,并呈现逐年扩散和蔓延趋势。[结论]结合杨圆蚧形态特征和生物学特性,提出具体防治措施,为有效防治杨圆蚧大面积发生提供有效保证。     

金衢棉区抗虫杂交棉中后期管理技术要点

针对金衢棉区受梅雨和盆地干旱高温气候影响,梅雨季节湿度高,雨日多,夏季高温干旱明显的特点。分析了金衢棉区抗虫杂交棉栽培中后期的管理经验与教训,提出了“保稳健、搭苗架、防荫蔽、多结铃、增大铃、防烂铃和早衰”等技术措施。