Inheritance and field performance of transgenic Korean Bt rice lines resistant to rice yellow stem borer

Transgenic Korean rice plants containing the cry1Ab gene were developed for resistance against yellow stem borer (Scirpophaga incertulas, YSB). More than 100 independent transgenic lines from three Korean varieties (P-I, P-II and P-III) were generated. The amount of Cry1Ab in transgenic T₀ plants was as high as 2.88% of total soluble proteins. These levels were sufficient to cause 100% mortality of YSB larvae. The majority of T₁ transgenic lines originated from the varieties P-I and P-II followed a Mendelian fashion of segregation. Deviation from the expected segregation ratio was observed in a small number of the transgenic lines of P-I and P-II origins. However, this deviation was primarily observed in the P-III originated lines. Segregation analysis of the T₁ generation indicated that 1–3 copies of the cry1Ab gene were integrated into the genome of the majority of the transgenic lines originating from varieties P-I and P-II. Stunted and semi-fertile mutants were observed in some transgenic lines. These aberrations were either independent or closely linked to the introduced cry1Ab gene loci in different transgenic lines. Reduction in GUS expression levels and loss of toxicity against YSB larvae were found in some transgenic lines. The transgenic T₃ and T₄ lines causing 100% mortality of third instar YSB larvae in the lab were completely protected in the field. Analysis of important yield components on nine selected transgenic lines indicated that stem length, panicle length, grain number per panicle, and seed setting rates were reduced in transgenic plants compared to those in non-transgenic parental rice lines. Number of panicles per cluster, however, was significantly higher in transgenic plants. The numerical value of the average yield was in general greater in the controls than in all the transgenic lines, indicating some ‘yield drag’. Since some selected lines were highly resistant to the YSB with good yielding potential, they offer effective potential for use in insect resistance management programs.     

白三叶草坪昆虫群落调查及分析

通过对白三叶草坪的昆虫群落系统调查,运用群落的重要指标:样本昆虫数(S)、丰富度(N)、多样性指数(H')、均匀度(J)对该群落进行了分析,基本搞清了白三叶草坪昆虫群落的组分及其群落的演替情况。结果显示白三叶草坪昆虫群落由43种组成,分属13个目。其中,鞘翅目和半翅目是群落主体,蜗牛和豆象是害虫的优势种群,蜘蛛和瓢虫是天敌的优势种群。不同季节昆虫群落害虫和天敌的演替情况不同,尤其以夏末至秋季阶段最为突出。本研究为白三叶草坪的管理提供了科学理论依据。     

杂交大豆昆虫传粉及制种技术研究进展

经过科学家的共同努力,吉林省农科院于2002年审定了世界上第1个大豆杂交种杂交豆1号,并于2006年审定了第2个大豆杂交种。从2000年开始,在封闭及开放条件下,利用苜蓿切叶蜂、蜜蜂、花蓟马等昆虫媒体为大豆传粉,进行不育系繁育及杂交种制种技术的探讨。已经实现在网室内利用蜜蜂及切叶蜂传粉,配制大豆杂交组合和生产小批量杂交种子,不育系结实率达到55.9%～100%;开放条件下,在干旱、有灌溉条件的地区,利用蜜蜂及苜蓿切叶蜂传粉,不育系结实率达到50%～80%,制种产量获得了较理想的结果。吉林省农科院在吉林省西部及内蒙古东部干旱地区,建立了制种基地,进行了较大面积的大豆不育系扩繁及杂交种制种试验,制种技术基本成熟。     

步甲夜间迁飞的研究

【目的】利用垂直监测雷达可以长期实时自动监测的特点,研究鞘翅目昆虫步甲是否具有迁飞性,并探讨步甲的迁飞活动规律。【方法】设置雷达观测点,利用垂直监测昆虫雷达及相关辅助设备长期观测结果,结合气象资料进行低空气流和大区环流分析,探讨鞘翅目昆虫步甲迁飞的事实。【结果】2005和2006年的观测资料表明,步甲季节内活动主要在6月下旬至8月下旬,高峰期主要集中在8月份,高空和地面诱虫灯季节内诱集有明显突增突减现象;高峰期内雷达回波点高度可达600 m,主要集中在450 m以下;夜间活动大多在20:00～22:00之间,个别夜晚雷达回波持续到04:00左右,探照灯内步甲数量的变化与雷达回波强度具有一致性;系留气球携带的捕虫网在200 m的空中成功捕到步甲成虫。【结论】步甲属的某些种类具有一定的迁飞性,为研究鞘翅目昆虫的迁飞提供了依据。     

昆虫中海藻糖代谢的研究进展

海藻糖是由2个葡萄糖分子组成的非还原性双糖,存在于大量生物如细菌、真菌、植物和昆虫等中。作为昆虫血液中的主要成分,海藻糖是由脂肪体中的海藻糖合成酶和海藻糖磷酸化酶合成的。海藻糖必须被海藻糖分解酶分解成葡萄糖才能用于糖酵解,以提供昆虫能量的需求。脂肪体的海藻糖合成是受激素调控的,而血液中海藻糖的主要来源是脂肪体中的糖原。昆虫的海藻糖分解酶已经得到了很好的研究,但是它的活性控制机制还不清楚。     

水稻巯基蛋白酶抑制剂基因在烟草叶绿体中的表达

将水稻巯基蛋白酶抑制剂(Oryzacystatin,OC) cDNA基因克隆、测序分析后,与烟草(Nicotiana tabacum L.)叶绿体16S rDNA基因启动子和T393终止子构建表达盒,与抗壮观霉素选择标记基因aadA表达盒相连,以烟草叶绿体基因组同源片段rbcL和ORF512一起构建成叶绿体转化载体pZOC.通过基因枪轰击烟草幼苗叶片,壮观霉素筛选,获得转化再生     

棉铃虫化学不育试验初报

对１０ 余种不同类别的化学药剂试验表明,塞替派和顺氨氯铂两种药剂对棉铃虫的不育效果明显,卵孵化率均较对照低９０ ％ 以上,对雄蛾寿命影响较小。     

小白菜害虫优化防治技术研究

在害虫发生初期减少农药防治次数能明显降低害虫发生后期的防治难度,５月底前收获的小白菜宜防治１次,在害虫发生盛期种植的小白菜,宜防治２次。     

园林植物病虫害系统控制的几点思考

分析了园林植物病虫害系统控制的重要性,针对园林病虫害系统控制的特殊性,从园林健康方面,提出了园林植物病虫害系统控制需注意的几个主要问题:园林工作者要具有园林健康意识,注重园林植物病虫害系统控制的科学性和前瞻性;建立本地区的园林植物病虫害和天敌以及小环境的系统网络体系,重视园林植物病虫害系统控制的目标化;乡土树种的合理利用和优质苗木的选育;进一步探索园林健康及病虫害系统控制的论证。     

施K对苜蓿N,P,K吸收利用及其抗蓟马的影响

为探究施K后苜蓿对N,P,K吸收利用以及苜蓿(Medicago L.)抗蓟马的影响,本试验以‘甘农9号’紫花苜蓿为试验材料,于牛角花齿蓟马持续为害14 d和21 d时,评价K0,K1,K2,K3,K4水平下苜蓿的受害指数,测量苜蓿植株叶茎根生物量及N,P,K含量。结果表明：施K后,苜蓿的受害指数显著下降(P<0.05),在K2水平最低;叶茎根生物量显著增加。施K后,叶中的P,K含量呈升高趋势,N含量呈下降趋势。蓟马为害14 d时,根中的N,P,K含量呈升高趋势;为害21 d时,根中N含量显著降低(P<0.05),P,K含量(除K3和K4水平)显著低于K0 (P<0.05)。施K后,苜蓿叶茎根中N,P,K吸收量均呈升高趋势。随着为害时间持续增加,生物量及N,P,K吸收量向根系分配量增加。K促进了苜蓿对N,P,K的吸收利用及其在各器官中的合理分配,有效提高了苜蓿的补偿生长,增强了苜蓿对蓟马的耐受性。