昆虫血细胞的形态分类及其免疫作用的研究进展

对昆虫血细胞的形态、分类和免疫作用等进行了综述。     

石榴园昆虫群落结构及多样性研究

对河南科技学院石榴园昆虫群落结构及其多样性进行了调查研究。共发现了22种昆虫,分属于7目14科。其中r类昆虫在数量上一直处于优势地位,优势种4月份为龟蜡蚧(Ceroplastes floridensisComstock),5月份为棉蚜(Aphis gossypiiGlover)。     

昆虫资源在旅游上的开发应用

本文提出了发展昆虫旅游景观的几个途径:建设观赏昆虫景观、鸣叫昆虫景观、昆虫迪斯尼乐园、昆虫美食村、生态旅游庄园、昆虫博物馆,开发昆虫纪念品,并指出了发展昆虫旅游的几个注意事项。     

昆虫抗真菌肽基因的分泌型表达及活性鉴定

 【目的】黑腹果蝇(Drosophila melanogaster)抗真菌肽Drosomycin (Drs)及其同系物Drosomycin-like C (Drs-lC)和斑腹刺螠蝽(Podisus maculiverntris)抗真菌肽Thanatin对丝状真菌具有广谱高效的抑杀作用。实现抗真菌肽基因在酵母中的高效分泌型表达，对探讨利用转基因酵母的发酵液直接进行果蔬、食品和农产品防腐保鲜的生物技术研发有重要意义。【方法】将Drosomycin基因（Drs）及其同系物基因Drs-lC和Thanatin基因分别与酵母分泌型表达载体pPICZαA重组，构建成重组表达质粒pPICZαA-Drs、pPICZαA-Drs-lC和pPICZαA–Thanatin。利用电转化将重组质粒转化毕赤酵母GS115，经表型筛选和PCR鉴定获得的重组毕赤酵母转化子，在甲醇诱导下进行抗真菌肽的分泌表达。【结果】3种抗真菌肽基因的酵母表达产物对6个供试真菌中的5个有明显的抑制作用，Thanatin同时对供试细菌有抗菌活性。【结论】Drs、Drs-lC和Thanatin抗真菌肽基因成功地转化毕赤酵母，并实现其分泌型表达。     

棉花抗虫核不育系的培育研究

棉花抗虫核不育系的培育研究＊靖深蓉邢朝柱袁有禄刘少林郭立平王海林（中国农业科学院棉花研究所,河南安阳４５５１１２）ＤｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｏｆＮｕｃｌｅａｒＭａｌｅＳｔｅｒｉｌｅＬｉｎｅｓｏｆＵｐｌａｎｄＣｏｔｏｎＲｅｓｉｓｔａｎｔｔｏＣｏｔｏｎＢｏｌ...     

信息技术在害虫时空动态模拟中的应用

病虫害是制约农业生产的重要因素,每年因病虫害造成的损失巨大,如何对病虫害进行有效的控制是亟待解决的问题。有效掌握病虫害的发生规律,可对病虫害的发生发展进行预测,为实际生产提供帮助。目前已有的关于害虫时空动态模拟的方法主要有数学模型方法、GIS技术和复杂系统建模方法,存在的主要问题是如何兼顾表达害虫动态变化的时间特征和空间特征,以及在模拟过程中对害虫动态变化与相关因素关系的真实反映。     

抗虫耐除草剂棉花生存竞争能力研究

本试验对抗虫耐除草剂棉花639017、当地棉花冀棉106在两种土壤类型条件下开展生存竞争能力研究。结果表明:正常播种条件下,抗虫耐除草剂棉花和冀棉106在大坝沙壤土出苗率低于5%,在试验基地壤土出苗率低于10%,两种土壤类型下,棉花覆盖度均远低于杂草覆盖度,棉花株高仅20 cm左右,未完成正常生长发育。在地表撒播试验中,试验棉花均未出苗。另外栽培地竞争试验中,抗虫耐除草剂棉花株高及产量均低于冀棉106,部分生育期差异显著。表明:外源基因的导入并未增强抗虫耐除草剂棉花的生存竞争能力,因此,抗虫耐除草剂棉花无杂草化风险。     

不同杨树树种枝条木质部酚类次生代谢物质的分析

采用高效液相色谱法,对８个杨树树种枝条木质部次生代谢物质种类和含量进行了分析。共测定次生代谢物质１４种,不同杨树的次生代谢物质种类有所不同,在含量上也存在显著差异。对次生代谢物质进行聚类分析表明：８个杨树树种中白杨派的毛白杨和新疆杨为一类,另外６种黑杨派及其杂交类群的杨树为另一类。     

水稻主要病虫害防控减化技术应用与效益评价

为了有效地控制水稻病虫害的发生和危害,降低化学农药使用量,提高防治效益,保障稻米品质安全,通过采用重大病虫监测,运用高效、低毒农药和“一喷多防”“一药多用”“治前控后“ 技术措施,在早稻、连作晚稻、单季稻对稻飞虱、稻纵卷叶螟、水稻螟虫、纹枯病等4种病虫防控减化技术的应用研究,结果表明,早稻、连作晚稻和单季稻的防控减化技术区能有效地控制稻飞虱、稻纵卷叶螟、水稻螟虫、纹枯病,农药品种数量减少7种,防治次数减少1~3次,农药折纯使用量减少46.10%~93.84%,产量增加2.23%~8.81%,经济效益明显。开展水稻主要病虫害防控减化技术应用,是实现了对水稻重大病虫害有效控制。     

Effect of climate change on Spodoptera litura Fab. on peanut: A life table approach

Investigations were conducted to understand the direct effects of rising temperature and the host-mediated effects of elevated CO₂ (eCO₂) on Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera). This study involved i. the construction of life tables of S. litura at six constant temperatures viz., 20, 25, 27, 30, 33 and 35°C ± 0.5 °C reared on peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) grown under eCO₂ (550 ppm) concentration in open top chambers ii. Estimation of threshold temperatures and thermal constants and iii. Prediction of the pest scenarios during near and distant future climate change periods. Significantly lower leaf nitrogen, higher carbon and a higher relative proportion of carbon to nitrogen (C:N) were observed in peanut foliage grown under eCO₂ over ambient CO₂ (aCO₂). The mean development time (days) of each stage, egg, larva, pupa, pre-oviposition and total life span decreased from 20 to 35 °C temperature on eCO₂ foliage. The thermal requirement of S. litura from egg to egg (within the range of 20 °C–35 °C) was 538.5 DD on eCO₂ as against 494.5 DD on aCO₂ foliage. Finite (λ) and intrinsic rates of increase (r_m), net reproductive rate (R_o), mean generation time (T) and doubling time (DT) of S. litura varied significantly with temperature and CO₂ and were found to have quadratic relationships with temperature. The present results on life table parameters estimated by the bootstrap technique showed that the ‘r_m’ values of S. litura on eCO₂ foliage were higher than those in the literature indicating a significant influence of eCO₂. The reduction of ‘T’ was noticed from a maximum of 50 days at 20 °C to minimum of 22 days at 35 °C and ‘λ’ which is the indicator of reproductive value of new eggs was highest at 35 °C and showed a negative relationship with temperature. The data on these life table parameters were plotted against temperature and two non-linear models developed for both CO₂ conditions and used for predicting the pest scenarios. Prediction of pest scenarios based on PRECIS A1B emission scenario data at eleven peanut growing locations of the country during near future (NF) and distant future (DF) climate change periods showed an increase of ‘r_m’ and ‘λ’ with varied ‘R_o’ and reduced ‘T’. The present results indicate that temperature and CO₂ are vital in influencing the growth and life table parameters of S. litura and that pest incidence is likely to be higher in the future.