Optimum Design of Individual Foundation and Its Application

On the basis of analysing the defaults occuring in normal design,a new method of optimum design for individual foundation is put forward in this paper.This method can solve some problems successfully such as the strengh and deformation can be considered at the same time,which cannot be done in the current specification.The optimal mathematical models of individual foundation design and the bottom surface dimension design under eccentric load are derived.The optimal solution is decided by method of optimization and the method selected is penalty function and complex method, and the programs of optimum algorithm have been compiled and design and drawing of individual foundation have been completed. The final result suggests that a fair-sized economic efficiency can be obtained by using optimum method for foundation design.     

中亚热带赤桉耐寒性选择

论述湖南现有的经历过多次强低温冰冻而保存下来的赤桉Eucalptus CanaldulaDennhardt群体中,以个体的耐寒性为选择基础,根据个体的自然强低温冰冻的生态反应划分耐寒等级,区别立地条件划分生长量选择标准,初选优树309株。然后利用其后(1991年12月)出现的湖南本世纪以来最严重的低温冰冻天气,检验初选个体的耐寒力,复选89株。又对复选植株和其部分植株的子代进行4个冬季的观测,于1996年2～3月对复选植株进行耐寒生理测定。共选出赤桉耐寒优良个体74株,初步建立起湖南赤桉耐寒良种基础育种群体;依据个体的耐寒生理指标,从中选出最优良的个体33侏作为耐寒良种的核心育种群体,并均已转化为无性系开始在育种和生产上利用。     

群体及个体大小对加拿大一枝黄花生长和生殖的影响

[目的]了解群体和个体大小对加拿大一枝黄花生长和生殖的影响。[方法]于加拿大一枝黄花的果实成熟期,分别从选定的9个群体中随机选取10个生殖分株,齐地面剪下,带回实验室测定各形态和数量指标。[结果]群体大小对加拿大一枝黄花的营养生长和茎、叶生物量分配有显著的影响,随着群体的增大,生物量更多地投资到茎上,叶生物量分配则显著减少;群体大小对加拿大一枝黄花生殖性状的影响不明显,在不同大小群体中生殖分株具有稳定的生殖产出;生殖分株个体越大,生殖投入越高,生殖分配越低。[结论]不管在何种大小的群体下,加拿大一枝黄花生殖分株都具有稳定的生殖特性和生殖产出,且都能获得适量的传粉者为其进行异花传粉。     

青椒的冷害及防治技术研究

试验对不同低温贮藏条件下青椒果实的呼吸强度、丙二醛含量的变化和冷害发生规律以及防治技术进行了研究。结果表明,在低温胁迫下,青椒果实呼吸异常升高,丙二醛含量积累峰提前出现。与0℃贮藏条件相比,3℃下贮藏的青椒其冷害发生更早,程度更严重。单果套袋和DPA处理可将青椒在0℃下的贮藏期延长到45d。     

辽东栎单木生长模型的研究

收集了辽宁省林业调查规划院30块一类清查固定样地数据资料,采用与距离无关的单木竞争指标,通过逐步回归的方法,建立了辽东栎天然次生林单木生长模型,方程为：In(DGI)=1．422289 1．202448 InD0．052598DL-0．000366 SDI,经检验预估效果良好。     

Detection of individual trees and estimation of tree height using LiDAR data

For estimation of tree parameters at the single-tree level using light detection and ranging (LiDAR), detection and delineation of individual trees is an important starting point. This paper presents an approach for delineating individual trees and estimating tree heights using LiDAR in coniferous (Pinus koraiensis, Larix leptolepis) and deciduous (Quercus spp.) forests in South Korea. To detect tree tops, the extended maxima transformation of morphological image-analysis methods was applied to the digital canopy model (DCM). In order to monitor spurious local maxima in the DCM, which cause false tree tops, different h values in the extended maxima transformation were explored. For delineation of individual trees, watershed segmentation was applied to the distance-transformed image from the detected tree tops. The tree heights were extracted using the maximum value within the segmented crown boundary. Thereafter, individual tree data estimated by LiDAR were compared to the field measurement data under five categories (correct delineation, satisfied delineation, merged tree, split tree, and not found). In our study, P. koraiensis, L. leptolepis, and Quercus spp. had the best detection accuracies of 68.1% at h = 0.18, 86.7% at h = 0.12, and 67.4% at h = 0.02, respectively. The coefficients of determination for tree height estimation were 0.77, 0.80, and 0.74 for P. koraiensis, L. leptolepis, and Quercus spp., respectively.     

鸡个体产蛋量无纸记录系统的研究

将条码技术与掌上型电脑终端相结合,形成了一种用作母鸡个体产蛋量记录的数据采集输入系统。其主要构成部分为:条码、数据采集终端、光笔、专用程序及通讯软件。每台终端可贮存4800只鸡1周的日产蛋量信息。数据传输简单、快速,传输回的数据以dBASE数据库的形式贮存。验证试验表明,本系统的数据记录准确性和速度略优于传统的记录方法。这一系统将数据记录和数据输入结合为一个步骤,实现了育种数据的实时采集,避免了数据输入造成的误差和时间延误,提高了育种数据的准确性。整套系统操作简便,通用性强,成本也较低廉。     

蚕种繁育中个体选择的综合指数

对蚕种繁育中个体选择的标准和方法作了探讨，提出以被选个体偏离总体重心的概率大小即马氏距离作为个体选留淘汰的综合指标。该方法在综合考虑品种特性（全茧量、茧层量和茧层率）方面，比现行个体选择标准（限值淘汰方法）更为合理。     

高寒牧区燕麦生产性能的初步分析

在青藏高寒牧区进行１３个燕麦品种的比较试验,方差分析和新复极差测验结果表明,品种间产草量差异显著,基中加拿达,甜燕麦,８７－４４４等品种明显高于当地农家品种黄燕麦。对参试品种的平均单蘖重与单蘖叶重,单蘖茎重,单蘖穗重,株高,秆径和单株分蘖数的回归分析结果,建立经ｔ测验回归系数显著的一组回归方程,尤以单蘖茎重与单蘖重的关系最为密切,相关系数达０．９９１３。     

基于ZigBee的奶牛个体信息识别及定位系统设计

提出了基于ZigBee的奶牛个体信息识别及定位系统,设计了一套监控软件来采集和校正数据。通过安装在奶牛身上可编程的带有64位永久地址的定位节点,可以完成奶牛个体识别;并通过基于RSSI的无线网络定位技术完成对奶牛的定位,并经过大量试验及偏度-峰度检验法和数据拟合法对试验数据进行校正,使定位精度得到有效提高。