Carbon source and trophic position of pelagic fish in coastal waters of south-eastern Izu Peninsula,Japan, identified by stable isotope analysis

ABSTRACT:   It is important to clarify trophic dynamics in marine ecosystems for management of the fishing ground. Organic carbon sources and trophic position of pelagic fishes in the coastal waters of the south-eastern Izu Peninsula, Japan, were examined on the basis of carbon and nitrogen stable isotope distributions. The δ¹³C of the fishes was mostly distributed from −19 to −16‰ for nektonic fishes (13 species of adults and immatures) and planktonic fishes (10 species of larvae and juveniles), close to the δ¹³C values of particulate organic matter and planktonic decapods. These δ¹³C signatures for the inhabitants of the water column were in contrast with the high δ¹³C values (mainly −16 to −13‰) for demersal fishes of Scorpaeniformes and benthic polychaetes collected in the surf zone. These results indicate that nektonic and planktonic fishes depend on phytoplankton for carbon supply. The δ¹⁵N signatures suggest that the trophic position ranged 3.1–4.5 for the nektonic fishes and 2.9–3.7 for the planktonic fishes, premised on trophic level 3 for larval Japanese anchovy Engraulis japonicus . Thus, planktivorous fishes should be mainly assigned to trophic levels 3 and 4 in this area.     

雷州半岛玄武岩母质土壤剖面稀土元素分布及其与常量元素、粒度的关系

对雷州半岛玄武岩母质土壤剖面稀土元素地球化学特征进行了研究,结果表明:土壤剖面中稀土元素的分布既受母岩的控制,又叠加了风化成壤作用的影响,∑REE和δEu对母岩有明显的继承性,风化成壤作用则导致REE在剖面上部富集以及土壤中Ce的显著正异常,并造成轻、重稀土之间发生一定的分馏(以轻稀土富集为主要特征),但轻稀土或重稀土内部未出现明显的分异;∑REE与Fe2O3含量呈极显著负相关,可能与风化成土过程中铁氧化物结晶程度提高,富含REE的无定形铁含量降低有关;∑REE与P2O5、MnO则呈极显著正相关,应当是由于剖面中含有较多的赋存REE的磷酸盐矿物和锰氧化物矿物所致;∑REE与黏粒组分(尤其是<1μm的组分)呈极显著正相关,表明风化成壤过程中黏土矿物含量增加所导致的对REE的吸附效应是造成该区REE富集的重要原因,其中黏粒对轻稀土元素的吸附更为明显。     

2020年夏季南极南奥克尼群岛裘氏鳄头冰鱼胃含物组成及食性分析

裘氏鳄头冰鱼（Champsocephalus gunnari）作为南大洋冰鱼科的代表,不仅具有重要的经济价值,同时也是南大洋生态系统中的重要物种。裘氏鳄头冰鱼主要摄食南极磷虾,同时也是高营养级生物的捕食对象。研究裘氏鳄头冰鱼的食性,对于了解南极磷虾种群资源变动,预测高营养级生物的生存和发育至关重要。本研究对南奥克尼群岛裘氏鳄头冰鱼的胃含物分析表明,该鱼种的饵料分为南极磷虾（Euphausia superba）和长脚虫戎（Themisto gaudichaudii）两大类,其中南极磷虾在裘氏鳄头冰鱼食物组成中占绝对优势,其出现频率和数量百分比分别为100%和99.9%;剩余饵料为长脚虫戎。广义线性模型（generalized linear model,GLM）分析结果显示,空间因素（经度）有显著影响,即裘氏鳄头冰鱼摄食南极磷虾的数量与距南奥克尼群岛的距离成正比。裘氏鳄头冰鱼体长-胃含物质量关系为SM = 6.6396×e0.01794L,胃含物质量和日消化量随着体长的增加而增加,而日消化率为0.98% ~2.08%。本研究结果可为了解裘氏鳄头冰鱼摄食生态学提供基础信息,为南奥克尼群岛裘氏鳄头冰鱼资源养护提供参考。     

雷州半岛红树林盐土的某些理化性质

红树林盐土是红树植被下的一类特殊土壤。雷州半岛红树林盐土各土层pH值为3.08 ~ 5.98,绝大多数低于4。土壤有机质平均含量为24.1 g/㎏,在土壤剖面中有机质含量分布没有规律性。土壤阳离子代换量为3.83 ~14.53 cmol/kg,平均6.94 cmo1/kg。土壤水溶性盐分7.6 ~ 42.1g/㎏,平均18.4 g/㎏,水溶性盐分有向下淋溶的趋势。土壤中<0.01 mm粒级含量一般>200 g/kg,土壤质地大多为中壤土类至中粘土类。     

苏州阳澄湖半岛湿地公园科普宣教规划设计研究

湿地公园科普宣教规划的主要目标是宣传湿地功能价值、普及湿地科学知识、弘扬湿地文化。从科普宣教规划和形式两方面入手,以苏州阳澄湖半岛湿地公园为例,探讨湿地公园科普宣教规划设计的具体实施方案,其中,规划方面分为科普宣教布局、整体结构规划和循序渐进引导规划,形式方面主要分为博览展示、解说系统和参与体验,实施方案旨在提高人们对湿地和环境的保护意识,让更多的人积极参与到湿地保护工作中。     

山东半岛与辽东半岛蚯蚓生物多样性研究

于2009年在我国的山东半岛和辽东半岛地区采用挖掘法对这些地区不同类型生境采集到的蚯蚓的生物多样性进行了系统调查。野外采集到的蚯蚓置于潮湿土壤带回驻地,在采集当日用70%酒精处死,保存于95%酒精以备研究。部分形态分类特征明显的蚯蚓个体作为模式标本保存于10%福尔马林溶液。本研究据此提供了该地区最新的蚯蚓资源名录。在山东半岛发现陆栖蚯蚓3科6属13种,以巨蚓科(占种类总数的39%)、正蚓科(占种类总数的39%)为主;在辽东半岛调查共发现3科7属16种,以正蚓科(占种类总数的44%)、巨蚓科(占种类总数的31%)为主。作为蠕虫养殖业中的赤子爱胜蚓,在野外环境中也有分布。     

南极半岛周边水域南极磷虾渔场特征分析#br#

为了解南极半岛周边水域内南极磷虾(以下简称磷虾)拖网渔场的特征,基于2013年1月至2019年5月"福荣海"轮在南极半岛周边水域的生产数据,分析了水域内磷虾中心渔场年际空间分布和生产特征。结果表明,南极半岛周边水域内磷虾拖网渔场主要分布于布兰斯菲尔德海峡(Bransfield Strait)、乔治王岛(King George Island)和斯诺岛(Snow Island)3个区域;其中布兰斯菲尔德海峡内是历年磷虾生产最稳定的区域,尤以海峡中部靠近南极半岛一侧水域(58°~60°W、63°~64°S)的作业天数和年产量占比最高;乔治王岛和斯诺岛区域的作业天数和年产量占比较低,且主要分布在岛屿周边近岸水域;布兰斯菲尔德海峡内区域、乔治王岛区域和斯诺岛区域的历年产量占比分别为60.00%~99.97%、0.03%~21.15%和0.01%~17.25%,历年作业天数占比分别为61.76%~98.75%、1.25%~28.68%和0.84%~16.67%。布兰斯菲尔德海峡内渔场的生产主要在3—5月,日产量主要为150 t以下;乔治王岛区域生产主要在1月份,日产量以150 t以下为主;斯诺岛区域的日产量在3月份较高,主要以150~250 t为主。各年度的连续生产期分布区域以布兰斯菲尔德海峡中部水域为主;各日产量区间的生产日历年主要分布在布兰斯菲尔德海峡中部,各日单位小时产量生产日也呈现逐渐集中到布兰斯菲尔德海峡的趋势;各级别亚渔场历年主要分布区域均在布兰斯菲尔德海峡内。     

ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Effects of herbage ingestion upon ileal digestibility of amino acids in heavy Iberian pigs fed on an acorn‐based diet

We conducted two experiments with heavy Iberian pigs to determine the ileal digestibility of amino acids (AA) in acorns and freshly cut herbage, and the effects of adding fresh herbage upon the supply of ileal digestible AA when pigs were fed on holm‐oak acorns. In Experiment 1, carried out in cannulated pigs of 107 kg bodyweight (BW), daily intake of acorns reached 44.9 g DM/kg^0.75 BW. Arg, His and Thr showed the lowest apparent ileal digestibility (AID) values, whereas Met, the branched‐chain AA and Phe had the highest coefficients. The AID of total EAA was 0.716 but only 0.222 for NEAA. Most of the digestive and absorptive processes of acorn protein occurred before the hindgut. Acorn provides (per kg DM) 2.27 g apparent ileal digestible Lys and 22.7 g apparent total digestible AA. Standardized ileal digestibility (SID) values for EAA, NEAA and total AA were 0.924 ± 0.020, 0.784 ± 0.041 and 0.860 ± 0.029. In Experiment 2 fresh herbage was given to six cannulated Iberian pigs of 140 kg either as a single feed (13.7 g DM/kg^0.75 BW) or as a supplement to acorns (28.4 g DM/kg^0.75 BW). When only freshly cut forage was offered the AID of the EAA, NEAA and total AA was close to 0.65 and supplied (per kg DM ingested) 5.61 g AID Lys and 91.7 g digestible AA. Standardized ileal values were 0.744 ± 0.023, 0.912 ± 0.038 and 0.831 ± 0.030 respectively. The addition of fresh forage to the acorns led to a significant decrease in AID of AA in acorn due to digesta transfer to the hindgut: His (p < 0.01), Met (p < 0.001), Phe (p = 0.092), Thr (p < 0.05) and Val (p < 0.05), but Arg, Lys and the branched‐chain AA remained unaffected. The main contribution of herbage to AA nutrition of the grazing Iberian pig relies mainly on increasing the supply of digestible AA for pig tissues.     

Influence of foetal calf serum supplementation during in vitro embryo culture in Iberian red deer

Nowadays, the use of foetal calf serum (FCS) during in vitro embryo culture is very controversial. Whilst some authors have encouraged its use, others reject it because of its harmful effects. Although in vitro embryo production in red deer is a promising assisted reproductive technique, it is still in its infancy and a great effort is needed to update the protocols used. The aim of this study was to assess whether FCS supplementation in red deer embryo culture medium is necessary to produce blastocyst and, if so, when is the best time to add it in terms of blastocyst production and quality. In vitro blastocysts were cultured with FCS added at 24, 48 or 96 hours post‐insemination (hpi). In addition, a treatment without FCS was used as control. Six hundred and ninety‐four cumulus–oocyte complexes were collected for in vitro fertilization. Cleavage rate was examined at 48 hpi, and blastocyst yield was recorded on days 6, 7 and 8. FCS had no influence on cleavage and blastocyst rate for any of the treatments studied. However, the number of cells was higher (p = .025) in those blastocysts cultured with FCS from 48 hpi compared with FCS‐free culture media (93.88 ± 7.76 vs. 54.11 ± 8.36). In conclusion, the addition of FCS to the embryo culture medium at 48 hpi improves the quality of red deer blastocyst, although it does not affect the percentage of embryos obtained.