南极半岛南极磷虾栖息地适应性研究

南极磷虾(Euphausia superba)作为南极生态系统中的关键物种,其时空分布研究对发展磷虾渔业和理解南大洋生态系统均有重要的作用,相关研究有利于磷虾种群的资源评估以及中心渔场的探测。本文利用海表温度（Sea Surface Temperature,SST）、海面高度（Sea Surface Height,SSH）、海表面叶绿素（Sea surface chlorophyll,SSC）、海冰面积覆盖(Sea Ice Coverage,SIC）等环境因子,分别采用神经网络拟合和一元非线性拟合方法,并结合最小值法、最大值法、连乘法、算术平均法、几何平均法、加权算术平均法等构建了磷虾栖息适宜指数 (Habitat Suitability Index,HSI) 模型。结果表明,神经网络模型预报结果更符合磷虾实际栖息分布情况,而一元非线性拟合预测结果较为连续。最大值法和最小值法计算结果差异较大,容易引进较大的误差。连乘法的预测效果较好,算术平均法、几何平均法和加权算术平均法的预测结果相似,且较为稳定。     

Mesopelagic fish larval assemblages during El Niño‐southern oscillation (1997–2001) in the southern part of the California Current

Mesopelagic species are the principal constituents of larval fish assemblages inhabiting the southerly California Current region. Seasonal larval abundance is influenced by circulation of the California Current and subtropical Countercurrent, including regional changes of the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics during the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation. This study examines the mesopelagic fish larvae distribution and abundance patterns between seasons and years, with the aim of describing the mesopelagic larval assemblages during dynamic environmental changes induced by El Niño (1997–1998) and the rapid transition to La Niña (1998–2000) along the west coast of the Baja California Peninsula (25–31°N). Despite large oceanographic variability, larval assemblages varied principally on a seasonal basis, related to reproductive periods and the north–south gradient influenced by the seasonal pattern of the California Current. An increased diversity, number of species, and abundance of tropical species was noticeable during the northward expansion of warm‐water taxa during El Niño, principally in the northern areas (Ensenada and Punta Baja). After El Niño, population adjustments and rapid recovery occurred during La Niña conditions, which reflected seasonal differences in the mesopelagic community structure that are closely related to the seasonal pattern of oceanic currents.     

Life strategies of cephalopod paralarvae in a coastal upwelling system (NW Iberian Peninsula): insights from zooplankton community and spatio‐temporal analyses

The early life stages of cephalopods ‐ octopods, squids, sepiolids and ommastrephids ‐, are uncommon in zooplankton samples and little is known about their life strategies. Accordingly, cephalopod paralarvae were examined in the upwelling ecosystem of the Ría de Vigo (NW Spain) at night from 2008 to 2010. Multivariate analyses and generalized linear models (GLMs) were used to explore relationships between cephalopod paralarvae and the zooplankton communities that they inhabited in 2008. In addition, the foraging strategy and prey preferences of Octopus vulgaris paralarvae within these communities were determined. Multivariate and GLM results showed a strong association of cephalopod paralarvae with coastal and frontal zooplankton communities. Octopus paralarvae were shown to be specialist predators with a strong preference for decapod zoeae in each of the communities examined. Using the three years of sampling, GLM analyses of paralarval spatio‐temporal variations in relation with the upwelling strength showed a positive relationship with upwelling intensity for O. vulgaris and sepiolids, as well as contrasting temporal, horizontal and vertical distributions for the different paralarvae analysed. Under strong upwelling events, Octopus paralarvae were more abundant in surface waters, whereas the abundance of loliginids and sepiolids was higher in the water column. This vertical behaviour in conjunction with the physical conditions of the Western Iberian Upwelling ecosystem suggests the coexistence of two different life strategies: a coastal strategy displayed by loliginid and sepiolid paralarvae that are retained over the shelf, and an oceanic strategy displayed by O. vulgaris paralarvae that are dispersed far from the shelf.     

山东近海21种经济鱼类的核型研究↑（*）

采用ＰＨＡ体内注射─—空气干燥制片法报道了山东近海２１种经济鱼类的核型和部分种类的银染核型。并通过各分类群表现出来的核型稳定性、同源性及核型变异现象对它们及其相关种类的亲缘关系和核型演化等问题进行了讨论。     

山东半岛北部海域渔业生物群落结构及健康评价

山东半岛北部海域是渤、黄海众多渔业生物的产卵场或索饵场,对渤、黄海渔业资源补充和繁衍发挥重要支撑作用。本研究基于2021年5—6月山东半岛北部水域渔业资源调查数据,结合历史资料,通过食物网拓扑结构与社会网络分析法,分析了山东半岛北部海域渔业资源结构、优势种、关键种和多样性,并以2011—2013年山东近海渔业生物健康状况为基准,评价了山东半岛北部海域渔业生物健康状况。研究显示,2021年山东半岛北部海域春季中上层鱼类所占比例减少,优势种与重要种种类减少,均以小型、经济价值较低的种类为主。优势种鳀(Engraulis japonicus)在渔获物中占比增加。脊腹褐虾(Crangon affinis)为无脊椎动物绝对优势种。群落关键种为细纹狮子鱼(Liparis tanakae)、黄(Lophius litulon)、鳀、小黄鱼(Larimichthys polyactis)和矛尾虎鱼(Chaeturichthys stigmatias)。2021年春季渔业生物密度、鱼类密度和甲壳类密度健康指数均为健康状态,而头足类密度健康指数则处于亚健康状态。相比2011—2013年,多种经济种类密度有...     

Stocking impact,population structure and conservation of wild brown trout populations in inner Galicia (NW Spain), an unstable hydrologic region

1. Brown trout (Salmo trutta) is an important conservation resource in the Iberian Peninsula. The Atlantic is considered the most hydrologically stable region for the species, although inner Galicia (NW Spain) shows Mediterranean (unstable) climatic conditions. The Galician region, threatened by past releases of brown trout individuals from central European origin, harbours two native lineages, one of them endemic to the Iberian Peninsula. These populations are thus highly valuable for conservation, as well as being important for recreational fisheries. 2. In total, 546 individuals from 16 sampling sites (15 natural locations from inner Galicia and one from a central European hatchery stock) were genotyped for 11 nuclear markers (10 microsatellite loci and the LDH‐C* locus) to analyse genetic variability, population structure and introgression impact from stocking in order to assess the conservation status of brown trout in the region. Moreover, correlation among hatchery introgression and environmental variables relevant for species population dynamics was also investigated. 3. Genetic variability was within the range of Iberian brown trout (He = 0.500–0.600). Stocking impact was higher than previously reported values for the Atlantic region and was related to environmental instability. Highly significant native population differentiation was observed in the whole region (F_ST = 0.283), at least four main genetic groups being detected across the geographic distribution studied. 4. Conservation strategies at local level (including the creation of genetic refuges and temporal monitoring of genetic composition) are suggested to agencies and administrations for the sustainable management of brown trout.     

雷州半岛红树林区软体动物多样性与生物量研究

2002年7～9月对雷州半岛8个主要红树林区软体动物进行了清查，记录有37科110种软体动物，且各红树林区的软体动物区系组成存在较高的地理分布上的差异(相似度均小于61．0％)。各红树林区的软体动物平均生物量为206Ind．／m^2或106g/m^2；树栖软体动物平均生物量为20Ind．／m^2或14．7g／m^2，树栖贝类优势种类有黑口滨螺等；地栖平均生物量为197Ind．／m^2或100．6g／m^2，以殊带拟蟹守螺等为优势种。生物量的大小主要与底质和林区群落特征有关，底质为淤泥土壤和高密度的群落生物量较低，泥沙质土壤和较低密度的群落的生物量较高，同一群落类型以林外缘带的软体动物的生物量最高。由于人为过渡采挖和环境污染严重，绝大部分软体动物种质资源趋于濒危状态，急需加强保护。     

基于生态系统经营的雷州半岛红树林空间结构研究

利用角尺度、混交度和大小比数3个林分空间结构参数,分析了雷州半岛红树林的空间结构。结果表明:1)由样地1→样地2→样地3→样地4,混交度为0.272→0.292→0.158→0.197,样地1和样地2为中度混交,样地3和样地4为弱度混交。2)在空间大小对比上,白骨壤直径大小比数在4块样地都较小,占有较大的优势;红海榄在各样地中都处于劣势和绝对劣势状态;其它树种平均大小比数都在0.5左右,生长上处于中庸状态。3)各样地林分平均角尺度分别为0.61,0.43,0.45,0.63,样地1、样地4的林木分布格局为团状分布,样地2、样地3为均匀分布。     

广东湛江红树林自然保护区及附近海岸 互花米草入侵与红树林保护*

对广东湛江红树林自然保护区范围内和周边区域的外来植物互花米草（Spartina alterniflora） 的生长分布进行了实地调查。结果显示,雷州半岛东、西海岸均有互花米草的分布,总面积达 12.6 hm2 , 徐闻海安新港码头是互花米草在中国大陆分布的最南端。调查发现,互花米草和乡土红树植物的生态位 重叠,虽然致密的红树林内未见互花米草的生长分布,但互花米草比乡土红树植物更耐淹水,表现为在 光滩前沿低潮位仅有互花米草的分布。鉴于互花米草在雷州半岛分布范围广、生境类型多样、扩散增长 迅速的现状,建议对互花米草应采取“早发现,早清除”的治理措施,并开展跟踪监测,及时掌握互花 米草的扩散动态。     

雷州半岛椰子资源及寒害调查

通过调查雷州半岛椰子资源的分布及寒害情况．一方面．摸清椰子生长边缘区域的资源分布情况及类型,另一方丽,了解调查区域内椰子的适应性。开展此项工作对于将来种子资源的收集、保护及选育种工作具有一定的现实意义．