不同生育期水稻叶面积指数的高光谱遥感估算模型

2011年和2012年通过大田试验,利用便携式野外光谱仪实测水稻冠层不同生育时期的高光谱数据,同时使用SUNSCAN冠层分析系统采集水稻冠层叶面积指数（LAI）;采用光谱微分技术和统计分析技术,分别分析高光谱反射率及其植被指数与LAI之间的关系,建立LAI估算模型并进行模拟结果对比。结果表明：水稻抽穗-成熟期,利用光谱值的对数形式对LAI值的模拟效果较好,分蘖-抽穗期利用光谱反射率模拟LAI变化过程的效果不理想。 在利用各种植被指数估算LAI方法中,水稻分蘖-抽穗期以修改型土壤调整植被指数MSAVI[758,805]对LAI的估算效果最好,模拟值与实测值的相关系数通过了0.01水平的显著性检验（R=0.7754）,估算精度较高。在抽穗-成熟期,也以修改型土壤调整植被指数MSAVI[758,817]对LAI的模拟效果最好,模拟值与实测值的相关系数通过了0.01水平的显著性检验（R=0.6488）,估算精度较高。说明修改型土壤调整植被指数（MSAVI）能更好地模拟水稻不同生育期的叶面积指数,按照分蘖-抽穗期、抽穗-成熟期两个生育阶段分别建立水稻冠层LAI的高光谱估算模型能够提高LAI估算的准确度,研究结果也证实了分生育阶段建模的必要性。     

Early detection and classification of plant diseases with Support Vector Machines based on hyperspectral reflectance

Automatic methods for an early detection of plant diseases are vital for precision crop protection. The main contribution of this paper is a procedure for the early detection and differentiation of sugar beet diseases based on Support Vector Machines and spectral vegetation indices. The aim was (I) to discriminate diseased from non-diseased sugar beet leaves, (II) to differentiate between the diseases Cercospora leaf spot, leaf rust and powdery mildew, and (III) to identify diseases even before specific symptoms became visible. Hyperspectral data were recorded from healthy leaves and leaves inoculated with the pathogens Cercospora beticola, Uromyces betae or Erysiphe betae causing Cercospora leaf spot, sugar beet rust and powdery mildew, respectively for a period of 21 days after inoculation. Nine spectral vegetation indices, related to physiological parameters were used as features for an automatic classification. Early differentiation between healthy and inoculated plants as well as among specific diseases can be achieved by a Support Vector Machine with a radial basis function as kernel.The discrimination between healthy sugar beet leaves and diseased leaves resulted in classification accuracies up to 97%. The multiple classification between healthy leaves and leaves with symptoms of the three diseases still achieved an accuracy higher than 86%. Furthermore the potential of presymptomatic detection of the plant diseases was demonstrated. Depending on the type and stage of disease the classification accuracy was between 65% and 90%.     

Classification of toxigenic and atoxigenic strains of Aspergillus flavus with hyperspectral imaging

Aspergillus flavus (A. flavus) produces secondary metabolites, aflatoxins, that are harmful to both humans and animals. Because of stringent federal regulation requirements as well as the limitations of available detection methods, there is an urgent need for rapid, non-invasive and effective techniques such as hyperspectral imaging, for the detection of the toxigenic strains of A. flavus. Hyperspectral images of toxigenic and atoxigenic strains of A. flavus were classified. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied for data decorrelation and dimensionality reduction. A Genetic Algorithm (GA) was implemented for the selection of principal components (PCs) based on Bhattacharya Distance (B-Distance). A Support Vector Machine (SVM) was successfully applied for the classification. Under halogen light sources, in average 83% of the toxigenic fungus pixels and 74% of the atoxigenic fungus pixels were correctly classified; while under UV light sources, 67% of the toxigenic fungus pixels and 85% of the atoxigenic fungus pixels were correctly classified. The pair-wise classification accuracies between toxigenic AF13 and each atoxigenic fungus species (AF38, AF283 and AF2038) were 80%, 91% and 95% under halogen light sources, and 75%, 97% and 99% under UV lights, respectively.     

以高光谱植被指数研究草坪色泽

色泽是草坪外观质量重要的评价指标之一,叶绿素密度是影响色泽的重要因素。对警犬高羊茅(Festucaarundinacea Schreb.cv.Watchdog)、解放者草地早熟禾(Poa pratensis L.cv.Liberator)、普通狗牙根(Cynodon dac-tylon(L.)Pars.cv.Common)和普特匍匐翦股颖(Agrostis stolonifera L.cv.Putter)等4种草坪进行叶面喷施氮、铁试验,研究反射光谱特征及植被指数与叶绿素密度的相关性。结果显示:喷施氮肥(尿素6 g/m2)或氮肥 铁(尿素6 g/m2 0.6 L/m2EDTA-Fe)能降低草坪在可见光区光谱反射率,提高叶绿素密度,改善草坪色泽;草坪叶绿素密度与可见光波段反射率呈负相关,其中绿波段反射率R(530.94 nm)与叶绿素密度呈极显著相关;由绿波段及蓝绿波段组合的植被指数与草坪叶绿素密度呈显著相关;逐步回归分析结果显示,应用由DVI(530.94 nm,500.12 nm)和NDVI(561.64 nm,520.53 nm)构建的回归方程能够快速定量估测草坪色泽,其结果与目测评分值相关极显著;利用高光谱植被指数可以准确估测叶绿素密度,并对草坪色泽进行定量评价。     

不同生育时期冬小麦FPAR高光谱遥感监测模型研究

通过连续5年定位研究不同氮磷耦合水平下,不同生育时期冬小麦群体FPAR与冠层光谱反射率,建立基于不同植被指数的不同生育时期FPAR分段监测模型。结果表明:随着氮磷水平增加FPAR呈递增趋势,不同品种间存在差异;冬小麦群体FPAR与670、850、960 nm具有较高的相关性,在可见光和近红外波段处均有敏感波段;在拔节期、孕穗期、抽穗期、灌浆期和成熟期FPAR与SAVI、NDVI705、EVI、DVI、RVI均达极显著相关,相关系数r范围为0.818~0.942;在不同生育时期,分别基于SAVI、NDVI705、EVI、RVI、RVI能建立较好的FPAR分段监测模型,决定系数R2分别为0.854、0.888、0.811、0.844、0.911;标准误差SE分别为0.054、0.032、0.044、0.047、0.044;以不同年份独立数据对模型进行验证,田间实测值与模型预测值之间相对误差RE分别为14.1%、17.4%、12.8%、18.8%、10.7%;均方根误差RMSE分别为0.139、0.146、0.136、0.158、0.130。该结果较拔节期至成熟期FPAR统一监测模型监测精度及验证效果均有所改善。因此,在拔节期、孕穗期、抽穗期、灌浆期和成熟期可分别用SAVI、NDVI705、EVI、RVI、RVI预测冬小麦群体FPAR,具有较好的年度间重演性和品种间适用性。不同生育时期FPAR分段监测模型较统一监测模型有较好的监测效果。     

基于荧光高光谱图像的柑桔糖度无损检测

采用632nm的连续波激光作为激发光,应用激光诱导荧光高光谱成像技术对柑桔的糖度值进行无损测量。先将该激光照射到南丰蜜桔和脐橙样品上,后用高光谱图像采集系统收集诱导出的荧光散射图像;接下来对荧光散射图像进行分析,选取100×50像素的荧光区域作为感兴趣区域(ROIs);再提取感兴趣区域在波长700～1000nm的光谱值作为荧光高光谱图像数据;最后用线性回归方法建立荧光高光谱图像数据预测果实糖度值的预测模型。结果表明,该模型预测柑桔糖度值的相关系数分别为南丰蜜桔的R=0.970,脐橙的R=0.960。因此可以看出,应用激光诱导荧光高光谱成像对柑桔糖度值进行无损检测是一种很有效的方法。     

基于高光谱影像的舟曲曲瓦沟树种识别

正确识别舟曲地区沟内森林树种是进行植被保护的基础,也为准确计算泥石流发生的降雨阈值提供参考.利用HYPERION高光谱影像,采用基于纯净像元指数（PPI）的端元提取方法,提取了6类端元,用波谱特征拟合方法（SFF）、波谱角分类（SAM）方法和二进制编码方法（BE）识别出核桃、矮灌木、橡树、刺柏、冷杉和灌木蒿.同时利用基于最小噪声分离（MNF）的最小能量约束法（CEM）分离出各自的分布范围.     

高光谱遥感监测农作物病虫害研究进展

农作物病虫害监测是有害生物综合防治必不可少的环节之一。在阐述高光谱遥感监测农作物病虫害原理的基础上,从光谱植被指数和导数光谱的角度入手,综述了近年来国内外高光谱遥感监测农作物病虫害的研究进展,体现了高光谱遥感在植保领域中广阔的应用前景。最后,还提出了研究中一些有待解决的问题。     

玉米叶片高光谱反射率、吸收率与色素含量的关系比较分析

分析测定了大田试验条件下11个玉米品种的3个氮肥处理、2个密度处理和6个生育期的150张叶片在350～2500nm波段的反射率和吸收率及其叶绿素a、叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素的含量。玉米叶片在叶绿素吸收波段的最大吸收波长位于665nm附近,665nm处叶片的吸收率与反射率间呈高度负相关(R2=-0.7533,n=150),而吸收率较高(>92%)的叶片的相关性明显强于吸收率较低的叶片。基于近红外波段和叶绿素吸收波段(红波段)或叶绿素反射波段(绿波段)构建的8个高光谱参量只有以反射率为基础计算时才与色素含量间存在相关性。mSR705和mND705无论以反射率还是以吸收率为基础计算,均表现出与色素含量间的强相关关系,而以吸收率为基础计算的mSR705和mND705与色素含量间的相关性又稍强于以反射率为基础计算的mSR705和mND705。本研究结果暗示叶片的表面反射是干扰叶片光谱(尤其是吸收光谱)对色素浓度变化响应的主要因子。     

基于波段深度分析和BP神经网络的水稻色素含量高光谱估算

该文以水稻田间氮肥水平试验为基础,采用单变量的线性和非线性回归方法,建立基于植被指数的水稻色素含量高光谱估算模型。各植被指数对色素含量的估计能力分析结果显示,植被指数在色素含量较大时存在饱和问题,为此尝试将波段深度分析(BDA)与BP神经网络结合,以提高利用高光谱技术对水稻叶片色素含量的估算精度。基于连续统去除处理的水稻冠层高光谱数据(400~750 nm),选取波段深度(BD)、波段深度比(BDR)、归一化波段深度(NBDI)和归一化面积波段指数(BNA)4种波段指数,在此基础上进行主成分分析(PCA)实现降维,然后采用反向传播(BP)神经网络方法对水稻叶片色素含量进行高光谱反演,探讨BDA与BP神经网络结合解决植被指数饱和问题的可能性和有效性。结果表明,波段深度分析突出了光谱吸收特征差异,挖掘了更多的潜在信息,使得光谱曲线的差异性得到增强。BD与BP结合的估算模型对水稻叶片中的类胡萝卜素含量估算精度最高(R~2=0.61,RMSEP=0.128 mg?g~(-1)),BNA与BP结合的估算模型对水稻叶片中的叶绿素含量估算精度最高(R~2=0.73,RMSEP=0.343 mg?g~(-1))。对比分析BDA与BP结合的模型和植被指数最佳回归模型的精度,发现波段深度分析建立的BP神经网络模型能较好地解决饱和问题,提高水稻叶片色素含量的估算精度。