密集烘烤中不同温度和湿度调控对中部烟叶品质的影响

研究了密集烘烤过程中不同温度和湿度调控对烤后烟叶品质的影响,结果表明:在变黄期干球42℃、湿球38℃,定色期干球54℃、湿球39℃时的烟叶外观质量较好,化学成分趋于协调,质体色素类降解物含量较高;烟叶中的21种致香物以质体色素类降解物含量最高,尤其是新植二烯的含量最高,且对烟叶品质的影响最大;其次是β-大马酮的含量,苯丙氨酸类降解物中苯甲醇、类西柏烷类降解物茄酮均以处理A4的含量最高,棕色化反应产物没有明显的变化规律。     

黄河三角洲地区城市化进程对当地气候的影响及相关建议

以黄河三角洲地区代表城市——滨州市为例,运用相关统计数据研究了城市化进程对当地气候变化的影响。结果表明:年平均气温的升高与该地区城市化进程步伐基本一致,升温幅度达到0.03℃/a,在该地区城市化进程高速发展期,年平均气温呈现加速升高趋势;年平均降水量呈现减少趋势,减少幅度为26.8mm/a;湿润指数随城市化进程呈现明显减小的趋势,幅度为每10年减少0.067。     

日光温室湿环境模拟与试验研究

根据质量平衡原理,构建了日光温室湿环境模拟模型.该模型全面考虑了作物蒸腾、土壤蒸发、覆盖层内表面凝结、自然通风和闭膜后的冷风渗透向空气中传递水蒸气质量四大因素对日光温室内湿环境的动态影响过程.利用典型结构的日光温室对模拟模型进行了试验验证,结果显示模拟值与实测值比较吻合,相关系数大于0.85,相对误差小于10％.试验证明构建的日光温室湿环境模拟模型能较准确地描述日光温室湿环境动态变化过程.     

The effect of temperature and humidity on longevity of metacercariae of Fasciola gigantica

Studies were undertaken on the viability of the metacercariae of Fasciola gigantica when stored in water at 13^˚C for periods up to 23 weeks, exposed to the sunlight for up to 8 h or stored at a range of temperatures and humidities for up to 10 weeks. Excysted metacercariae were catergorized microscopically as viable (motile and undamaged), dubious (not motile and undamaged) or dead (visible necrosis). The infectivity of viable and dubious metacercariae and unselected reference metacercariae held in water at 7^˚C for 20 days or longer was assessed by comparing numbers of flukes recovered from infected Merino sheep. Mean recovery rates were 54.6%, 7.2% and 37.2%, respectively, for viable, dubious and unselected metacercariae. Metacercariae immersed in water remained viable longer than those allowed to desiccate. Viability was promoted by decreasing temperature and increasing humidity. Exposure to direct sunlight killed metacercariae within 8 h. Results indicated that in lowland Indonesian irrigated rice paddies, metacercariae immersed in water are likely to survive for less than 5 weeks while those that become desiccated will survive less than 2 weeks. This information, together with the option of exposing fresh rice stalks to direct sunlight before feeding them to livestock, can assist farmers in reducing infection with F. gigantica.     

荔枝不同栽培措施与微喷灌对土壤水分的影响

大棚避雨栽培通过喷灌可控制土壤湿度,地膜覆盖可保持土壤湿度,生草栽培土壤湿度随气候（降水）而变化;对果园进行微喷灌,可节水增效,用水量10 kg·m^-2,喷2～3 h可达45 cm深土壤,各地根据实际情况,一般需喷灌2～4 h,1 m^2树冠灌水用量10～20 kg就能满足荔枝丰产稳产优质高效对水分的需求。     

Heat-Induced Floret Sterility of Hybrid Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Cultivars under Humid and Low Wind Conditionsin the Field of Jianghan Basin,China

Abstract

Projected global warming is expected to increase the occurrence of heat-induced floret sterility (HIFS) in rice. However, there are few field-scale studies that could aid in predicting the potential risks to rice yield and developing countermeasures against yield losses. The aim of this study was to elucidate the factors that induce floret sterility under high temperature conditions during the flowering season in the field condition in China. Studies were conducted in irrigated paddy fields with the regional hybrid-rice cultivars grown in Jianghan Basin where air temperature is not so high during the flowering season but HIFS frequently occurs. The microclimate, panicle temperature, floret sterility, pollination, and size of dehiscence formed at the base of anthers were investigated. Significant losses in seed set were observed under the high temperature condition. Although the maximum atmospheric temperature was approximately 35ºC, the relative humidity was very high (around 70% at the time of maximum temperature), with low wind speeds, occasionally below 1 m s¹. Under such conditions sunlit panicle temperature exceeded atmospheric temperature by as much as 4ºC. Moreover, the anthers of some cultivars exhibited short basal dehiscence, and the dehiscence length was positively correlated with the percentage of sufficiently pollinated florets (r=0.859, P<0.05, n=7) and with seed set (r=0.827, P<0.05, n=7) across the cultivars. The results suggest that the combination of hot, humid, and windless climatic conditions with short basal dehiscence of anthers induces HIFS in hybrid rice grown in this region.     

舍外温湿度对荷斯坦奶牛生产性能及酶活性影响的研究

以荷斯坦奶牛为试验对象,研究不同环境温度、湿度对奶牛生产性能及血液乳清酶活性的影响。研究结果表明:随着环境温度的季节性下降和舍内湿度的升高,血清及乳清ALT、AST和ALP活性下降;血清和乳清中CK活性升高;血清LDH活性升高,乳清LDH活性降低;建议舍内温度5.5℃±0.5,相对湿度80%为宜。     

温室环境网络监控系统的设计

阐述了以ARM处理器为核心,采集温室的温度、湿度、CO2浓度以及作物视频信息的温室环境网络监控系统,通过互联网对这些信息进行远程监控,加强了温室的科学化管理。     

温度和湿度对美洲斑潜蝇实验种群增长的影响

温度对美洲斑潜蝇各虫态历期有显著的影响 ,在 17～ 35℃温度范围内 ,发育速率与温度的关系呈Logistic曲线关系。湿度对美洲斑潜蝇的发育历期无明显的影响。卵、幼虫、蛹和世代的发育起点温度分别为 10 .0 4、9.70、10 .2 0、9.76℃ ,有效积温分别为 6 5.2 6、80 .70、14 7.96、2 98.33℃。美洲斑潜蝇存活的最适温度和空气相对湿度分别为 2 0～ 31℃和 80 %～ 92 %。在35℃温度下 ,成虫繁殖力极低 ;10 0 %相对湿度下 ,成虫不能繁殖后代     

温度、湿度和覆土对小菜蛾羽化的影响

小菜蛾是蔬菜的重要害虫,其非化学控制技术对蔬菜的安全生产非常重要。为了解农业措施对小菜蛾的控制作用,在室内进行了低温、高温、淹水、土壤湿度、覆土等条件下小菜蛾蛹的羽化情况研究,探讨温度、湿度和覆土等逆境环境对小菜蛾蛹的影响。结果表明,在26~30℃的温度范围内,小菜蛾蛹的羽化率达73%以上,但34℃时羽化率下降到46.67%。小菜蛾蛹经4℃的低温处理后转入常温条件下,蛹的羽化率显著下降,且低温处理时间越长,羽化率越低;但随着转入常温时间的延长,羽化率可逐渐恢复。土壤含水量对小菜蛾蛹的羽化有显著影响,土壤含水量为10%和20%时,羽化率分别为正常含水量(8%)的12.5%和6.2%,含水量超过30%时,6 d以内蛹不能羽化。淹水对小菜蛾蛹的羽化也有显著影响,淹水12 h后移入到正常盆土表面时,与不淹水对照相比蛹的羽化率下降25.0%;淹水24 h后羽化率下降50.0%,并且羽化时间推迟;而淹水超过36 h时,小菜蛾蛹不能羽化。覆土对小菜蛾蛹也有明显影响,覆土1 cm厚小菜蛾蛹的羽化推迟2 d,覆土1.5 cm以上小菜蛾蛹不能顺利羽化。研究结果显示,适时灌水或水旱轮作、田间土壤耕翻对蔬菜地小菜蛾蛹有较好的控制效果。