环境影响评价工程分析中清洁生产思维的运用研究

根据环境影响评价和清洁生产各自的内容和特点,阐述了两者之间的内在联系,深入分析了两者之间最为重要的结合面一项目工程分析,并就建设项目环境影响评价工程分析中清洁生产思维的运用做了实用性探讨,同时也指出了两者结合面上的局限性,并提出了相应的解决方法和措施。     

绩溪抽水蓄能电站工程移民安置环境影响

指出了水利工程移民生产安置是关系到移民的生产水平能否恢复或超过安置前的生产水平的问题,但移民安置也会带来诸多环境问题。处理和解决好绩溪抽水蓄能电站移民安置产生的环境问题则是保障工程建设顺利完成及工程综合效益充分发挥的重要工作。对移民安置于环境的作用和影响进行了分析评价。     

港口原油装船VOCs大气环境影响探讨

收集了原油装船VOCs的估算方法,认为原油装船时VOCs排放量为0.012％,VOCs浓度为0.1kg／m3。采用SCREEN3对其环境影响进行分了析,结果表明：下风向最大浓度出现在400m 处,浓度值7.99mg／m3,直到2700m处,浓度值才小于1mg／m3,直到10000m处,浓度值仍为0.14mg／m3,原油装船VOCs的大气环境影响较大。     

维西（塔城）至德钦公路工程地质环境影响与评价

维西（塔城）至德钦公路地处滇西北横断山高山峡谷区,其中约150km路线展布于澜沧江东岸岸坡下部。公路所经地区构造发育,工程地质条件复杂,地质灾害频发,生态环境脆弱。在总结勘察工作的基础上,结合施工情况对全线工程地质环境及其对工程的影响进了分析、评价。     

温热环境对肉仔鸡胸囊肿发生的影响

为探讨不同温热环境对肉仔鸡胸囊肿发生的影响,该试验研究了生产实际中夏季和秋季的鸡舍环境温湿指数（THI）、温度和相对湿度（RH）的变化以及对肉仔鸡胸囊肿发生率的影响。结果表明,夏季鸡舍环境中平均THI、温度和RH均高于秋季,尤其在肉仔鸡6周龄时夏季比秋季THI、最高平均温度和RH分别高4.3、7.3℃和13%。而肉仔鸡胸囊肿发生率夏季低于秋季,5、6周龄分别下降21.56%和40.22%。夏季和秋季不同的温热环境中,肉仔鸡血液的抗氧化能力发生了显著的变化,血清总抗氧化力（T-AOC）夏季显著大于秋季,丙二醛（MDA）含量则相反,秋季显著大于夏季。因此,本研究表明了高温环境可使肉仔鸡胸囊肿发生率降低,并且,可能与抗氧化能力的提高有关。     

土地整理项目实施后影响评价

土地整理项目后评价是土地整理事业可持续发展的重要条件,在经济、社会、生态等效益分析的基础上,土地整理项目的社会影响日益受到关注。选取重庆市19个已实施的土地整理项目组成评判对象集合,在跟踪调查和资料梳理的基础上,将AHP、熵权法与模糊综合评判方法相结合对项目实施后的社会影响进行了分析。结果表明,重庆市土地整理项目的实施取得了一定社会效果,但并不显著。分析认为,调整完善目前土地整理的政策安排必要而迫切。     

Assessing the ‘true impact’ of development assistance in the Gaza Strip and Tokelau: ‘Most Significant Change’ as an evaluation technique

The democratic evaluative tradition has sought to change evaluation practice towards approaches and techniques that generate diverse forms of knowledge and foster public deliberation over a programme's merit and worth. This paper locates one evaluation method, ‘Most Significant Change’ (MSC), within this tradition. Drawing on two different evaluations – one, of a comprehensive economic sector assistance package to the Government of Tokelau, and the other of a psychosocial and academic support intervention for pre‐adolescent children in conflict‐affected regions of the Gaza Strip – the paper provides evidence of how MSC can capture unexpected outcomes, act as a tool for real‐time formative learning, and expose the competing theories, logics and values behind programme activity. The examples within the paper also provide evidence of how MSC begins to redistribute traditional power relationships in assessing the merit and worth of observed impacts by increasing the legitimacy of local programme knowledge, and engaging all parties in evaluative decisions. By doing so, MSC, the paper argues, better serves the purposes of learning, improvement and mutual accountability which should sit at the core of good development practice.     

The environmental performance of milk production on a typical Portuguese dairy farm

The activities associated with raw milk production on dairy farms require an effective evaluation of their environmental impact. The present study evaluates the global environmental impacts associated with milk production on dairy farms in Portugal and identifies the processes that have the greatest environmental impact by using life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology. The main factors involved in milk production were included, namely: the dairy farm, maize silage, ryegrass silage, straw, concentrates, diesel and electricity. The results suggest that the major source of air and water emissions in the life cycle of milk is the production of concentrates. The activities carried out on dairy farms were the major source of nitrous oxides (from fuel combustion), ammonia, and methane (from manure management and enteric fermentation). Nevertheless, dairy farm activities, which include manure management, enteric fermentation and diesel consumption, make the greatest contributions to the categories of impact considered, with the exception of the abiotic depletion category, contributing to over 70% of the total global warming potential (1021.3 kg CO₂ eq. per tonne of milk), 84% of the total photochemical oxidation potential (0.2 kg C₂H₄ eq. per tonne of milk), 70% of the total acidification potential (20.4 kg SO₂ eq. per tonne of milk), and 41% of the total eutrophication potential (7.1 kg eq. per tonne of milk). The production of concentrates and maize silage are the major contributors to the abiotic depletion category, accounting for 35% and 28%, respectively, of the overall abiotic depletion potential (1.4 Sb eq. per tonne of milk). Based on this LCA case study, we recommend further work to evaluate some possible opportunities to improve the environmental performance of Portuguese milk production, namely: (i) implementing integrated solutions for manure recovery/treatment (e.g. anaerobic digestion) before its application to the soil as organic fertiliser during maize and ryegrass production; (ii) improving manure nutrient use efficiency in order to decrease the importation of nutrients; (iii) diversifying feeding crops, as the dependence on two annual forage crops is expected to lead to excessive soil mobilisation (and related impacts) and to insignificant carbon dioxide sequestration from the atmosphere; and (iv) changing the concentrate mixtures.     

对汽车撞柱的仿真研究

由于许多汽车事故是因为车辆撞枉而造成的,根据采集得到的真实事故数据,应用LS—DYNA和MADY—MO对车辆撞柱进行仿真,时仿真结果与事故调查结果比较分析表明,该仿真结果能真实反应实际撞柱情况,仿真方法的有效性得以证实。     

漳河灌区节水灌溉影响分析

为了解决越来越严重的水资源危机，发展节水灌溉已经成为灌区越来越重要的任务。自改革开放以来，漳河灌区灌溉用水量有了大幅度下降，而农业生产总产量却有所上升。灌区通过节水灌溉，使得灌溉水分生产率不断提高，在保证农业生产总产量稳步提高的前提下节约灌溉用水。与此同时，将所节约的农业灌溉用水转移到如发电、城镇供水、工业用水等非农业用水部门，从而大大提高了单方水利用效益。这是我国开展节水灌溉较为成功的典范。通过研究漳河灌区节水灌溉的影响，寻求大型灌区真实节水的途径，使得有限的水资源得到更加充分、合理的利用。