Impact of deer on temperate forest vegetation and woody debris as protection of forest regeneration against browsing

A 3-year field experiment with paired exclosure (fenced areas, excluding deer) and control plots (unfenced areas, free access to deer), with two treatments with and without woody debris, was carried out at two sites in a temperate forest in eastern France. The aim of the experiment was to assess the effect of browsing by roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and red deer (Cervus elaphus) on the diversity and richness of plant species and to test the effectiveness of using woody debris to protect seedlings and saplings from deer browsing. In presence of deer, both plant species richness and diversity were reduced the first year of the study, but this negative impact of deer then disappeared after 3 years. Deer browsing mostly affected species composition of plant communities. We observed a decrease in the abundance of preferred species such as Carpinus betulus, Rubus fructicosus, Rubus idaeus, Anemone nemorosa and Epilobium angustifolium, and palatable species such as Acer spp., Carex spp., Festuca spp. and Mycelis muralis, whereas unpalatable species such as Lamium spp., or species particularly resilient to browsing such as grasses (Brachypodium spp. and Luzula spp.) increased in abundance. The use of woody debris as protection against browsing by deer did not limit damage to seedlings and saplings of the main commercially valuable species, Abies alba and Quercus spp. Instead of limiting deer impact, use of woody debris seemed to increase the negative effect of deer browsing on regeneration in control plots relatively to those without protection.     

林业产业结构升级对林业经济波动的熨平效应分析——以我国黑龙江省为例

文中利用HP滤波法对林业产出、林业资本、林业劳动、林业产业结构升级以及林业生态政策进行趋势成分剥离,从而得到相应的波动指标;在此基础上构建时变参数状态空间模型分析林业产业结构升级对林业经济波动的影响,并以我国黑龙江省为例进行实证分析。结果表明:黑龙江省林业产业结构升级对林业经济波动具有明显的熨平效应,但是随着时间的推移这种熨平效应愈加平稳。     

海珠湿地繁殖季节鸟类的分布及惊飞距离分析

城市湿地鸟类栖息与人类活动关系密切。海珠国家湿地公园作为国家级生态湿地示范区,不仅是公众休闲游憩的载体,还是城市生物栖息的重要区域。在海珠湿地三处区域分别开展鸟类群落调查,并用噪声量化人类游览活动的强度,以惊飞距离来反映鸟类对人类活动的容忍度和适应性。结果发现鸟类群落的组成与栖息地的配置有关。不同生态型的鸟类对人为干扰适应性不同,以涉禽的惊飞距离最长。在游览强度大的区域鸟类容易被惊飞,但惊飞距离较短。建议通过制造隔离和视觉遮蔽、降低噪声和设置投喂点等措施来降低人为干扰对鸟类的影响。     

Induction of heme oxygenase-1 by Macleaya cordata extract and its constituent sanguinarine in RAW264.7 cells

Macleaya cordata (plume poppy) is used in traditional Chinese medicine for its anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities. In this study, we examined whether M. cordata extract and/or its major alkaloid constituents, protopine, allocryptopine, sanguinarine and chelerythrine activate the Nrf2 signalling pathway which regulates the expression of cytoprotective enzymes including heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and thioredoxin 1. In murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells, M. cordata extract increased both mRNA and protein levels of HO-1. Of the alkaloids examined, only sanguinarine appeared to be responsible for these effects. At the concentration of 2 μM, sanguinarine induced nuclear accumulation of Nrf2, increased the expression of Hmox1 gene encoding HO-1 and elevated HO-1 protein levels. Sanguinarine-induced Hmox1 mRNA expression was suppressed by SB203580, a pharmacologic inhibitor of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (p38 MAPKs). The upregulation of HO-1 in RAW264.7 cells by sanguinarine was, however, accompanied by decrease in cell viability. Nonetheless, sanguinarine at micromolar, non-cytotoxic concentrations elevated protein levels of HO-1 and thioredoxin 1 in primary cultures of human hepatocytes. We conclude that sanguinarine may, under appropriate conditions, increase the capacity of the enzymatic antioxidant defence system via activation of the p38 MAPK/Nrf2 pathway.     

Effects of five oleanolic acid triterpenoid saponins from the rhizome of Anemone raddeana on stimulus-induced superoxide generation, phosphorylation of proteins and translocation of cytosolic compounds to cell membrane in human neutrophils

Five oleanolic acid triterpenoid saponins (OTS-1, 2, 3, 4 and 5) were isolated from the rhizome of Anemone raddeana. The effect of these triterpenoid saponins on stimulus-induced superoxide generation in human neutrophils was assayed by measuring the reduction of ferricytochrome c using a dual-beam spectrophotometer. The phosphorylation of neutrophil proteins, and translocation of p67(phox), p47(phox) and Rac to plasma membrane were investigated using specific monoclonal antibodies. The five oleanolic acid triterpenoid saponins used in this experiment suppressed N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP)-induced superoxide generation in a concentration-dependent manner. OTS-1, 2 and 4 suppressed phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)- and arachidonic acid (AA)-induced superoxide generation in a concentration-dependent manner, but OTS-3 and 5 showed no effect. fMLP- and PMA-induced tyrosyl or serine/threonine phosphorylation, and fMLP-, PMA- and AA-induced translocation of p67(phox), p47(phox) and Rac to plasma membrane were in parallel with the suppression of the stimulus-induced superoxide generation.     

国外生态系统服务概念在森林旅游中的应用分析

通过人类需求反映自然资源的价值、连接自然环境和人类社会的生态系统服务理论与方法已成为自然资源管理研究的一个重要方向。分析国际上生态系统服务概念和方法在森林旅游规划、森林旅游管理和森林旅游的影响评估中的研究和应用可以发现,将生态系统服务概念纳入森林旅游能够更直观地体现森林旅游使用者和管理者与森林旅游区域环境之间的关系,也更有利于森林旅游可持续发展目标的实现。文中预测,随着基于生态系统服务的评估和预测方法的成熟,生态系统服务概念在森林旅游中具有广阔的应用前景。     

城市交通环境影响评价指标体系

交通服务的对象是人,影响最大的也是人,但是目前环境影响评价单纯的从生物、物理、化学指标入手,在交通以人为本的今天是远远不够的。环境影响评价更多的应该考虑人的意愿,根据人的意原,相应的对居民认为影响最大的因素进行评价,找出应对措施,使交通对人的负面影响降到最低。     

现代岭南人居园林文化探索——清远市云山诗意住区园林评析

典型现代住区案例——清远云山诗意住区造园的成功经验包括：实现传统私家庭院布局向现代住区园林的转化：吸收“多元兼容、务实求变”的岭南人文精髓,融合传统微派民居建筑意象与现代岭南造园手法：营造淡雅轻盈、精巧细腻的审美氛围;延续“水房相伴”的水乡生态文化;组建浓阴密翠的亚热带植物群落;创新造园用材与营造工艺。     

补充光照对欧洲云杉苗木生长的影响

光周期具有抑制苗木早期休眠,延长其生长期的作用,具有促进欧洲云杉苗木生长的作用,其在形态指标和生物量上表现得极显著.欧洲云杉大棚育苗补充光照的完整技术可采用整夜补光,随着光强度的增加,苗木生长形状各指标呈渐增的趋势.光质以白光较好.     

基于城市现代有轨电车建设的环境影响分析——以沈阳有轨电车建设项目为例

指出了近年来随着城市的发展,人口和汽车数量不断增多,公共交通体系急需升级,轨道交通成为城市公交系统发展方向之一。以沈阳有轨电车项目为例进行了分析,根据典型路段预测了结果:在有轨电车最高运行时速情况下,距轨道中心线20m处,大部分路段均能满足2类功能区噪声标准要求,个别路段超标原因是本底噪声较大。有轨电车项目对噪声增加的贡献值较小,不会对噪声敏感点产生较大影响。