厚颌鲂的年龄结构及生长特性

以鳞片作为鉴定年龄的材料,对龙溪河厚颌鲂(Megalobrama pellegrini)种群开展年龄结构与生长特性的研究。结果表明,厚颌鲂鳞片年轮结构呈疏密切割型,年轮特征显著,可用于年龄鉴定,3~4月是年轮形成高峰时间。种群由0~7龄共8个龄组组成,以低龄个体为主,1~3龄个体占83.14%,体长分布主要集中在130~250 mm间(77.71%)。体质量分布主要集中在50~250 g(64.33%)。群体总性比为♀∶♂=1∶1.03,符合1∶1理论比值。体长和鳞径呈直线关系,体长和体质量呈幂函数关系且幂指数接近3,属于匀速生长类型,因此用Von Bertalanffy方程描述其生长特性,相关生长参数分别为:渐近体长L∞=488.89 mm,渐近体质量W∞=2486.96 g,k=0.1648,t0=-0.5453龄。体质量生长拐点Ti=6.40龄,对应体长、体质量分别为Lt=333.14 mm,Wt=746.06 g。厚颌鲂的总体生长性能逊于同属其他鱼类。     

基于混合效应的湖南栎类与杉木单木断面积生长模型研究

构建栎类（Quercus sp.）杉木（Cunninghamia lanceolata）混交林单木断面积生长模型,为该类 型林分的生产经营提供参考。以湖南省 31 个样地共 1 646 株栎类与 1 154 株杉木为研究数据,7 个常见模 型作为栎类、杉木的单木基础模型,基于样地随机效应构建栎类、杉木的单木断面积混合效应模型。结果 表明,栎类断面积的最优基础模型为 Gompertz,杉木断面积的最优基础模型为 Logistic;栎类断面积混合 效应模型相比于基础模型,决定系数 R2 提高了 0.053,SSE 与 RRMSE 均有所降低;杉木断面积混合效应 模型相比于基础模型,决定系数 R2 增加了 0.035,SSE 与 RRMSE 均有所降低;栎类断面积的成熟年龄在 50 年以后,杉木断面积的生长速率在 30 年左右逐步放缓。文章在栎类、杉木单木模型的基础上进一步加 入样地随机效应,模型拟合精度明显提高,说明栎类、杉木的断面积生长都受到年龄与样地的综合影响。     

不同秧龄对双季稻早衰的影响研究

从双季稻的产量构成因素及产量的变化入手,详细研究了不同秧龄对双季稻早衰的影响程度,确定了在常规栽培条件下的最适宜秧龄期:早稻为15~25d,晚稻秧龄越短越好。     

Age estimation of the wild population of Japanese mantis shrimp <Emphasis Type="Italic">Oratosquilla oratoria</Emphasis> (Crustacea: Stomatopoda) in Tokyo Bay,Japan, using lipofuscin as an age marker

ABSTRACT:   In this study, the age composition of the Japanese mantis shrimp, Oratosquilla oratoria , in Tokyo Bay, central Japan, was investigated using lipofuscin, an autofluorescent pigment, as an age marker. Lipofuscin in a histological section of protocerebral bridge cell mass (PBCM) in the brain was identified by confocal microscopy, and its concentration was quantified by image analysis. Modal analysis of the lipofuscin concentration showed four regularly-spaced modes that could each be regarded as a distinct age group. This implied a constant lipofuscin accumulation in PBCM at a 6.5 × 10⁻²% volume fraction per year; it also implied the existence of individuals that are at least 4 years old. The lipofuscin concentration was found to be a more appropriate index than body length for estimating the age of O. oratoria , because the modal analysis on the body–length histogram failed to detect apparent age groups. This was probably a result of the declining growth rate with age and the individual variations in growth through molting leading to considerable overlap in the size between different age groups. The lipofuscin analysis suggested that fast-growing individuals in each cohort are recruited to the fishery, and most individuals attain the exploitable size between 2 and 3 years of age.     

Observations on growth, sexual maturity and spawning performance of pond-reared Penaeus merguiensis

This 12‐month preliminary study investigated the development of sexual characters, primary sexual maturity, ovarian maturity and spawning performance of pond‐reared Penaeus merguiensis in relation to culture conditions in south‐east Queensland, Australia. Post‐larvae of P. merguiensis were produced and cultured in two 60‐m³ tanks during the first 14 weeks. Before winter, they were harvested and stocked in three different overwintering facilities: a 200‐m² covered pond, two 60‐m³ outdoor tanks and a 15‐m³ indoor, recirculated tank at a stocking density of 10 individuals m^?2. The development of sexual characters was found to be similar to that reported previously in wild P. merguiensis. Males matured at younger ages and smaller sizes than females. Overall, the average size at primary sexual maturity of pond‐reared P. merguiensis was 23.1 mm carapace length for males (possessed spermatophores) and 29.3 mm for females (being impregnated). Water temperature and the availability of natural food strongly influenced prawn growth, maturity rate and their subsequent spawning performance. Growth, maturity rate and spawning performance of prawns in the covered pond were significantly higher than in the other overwintering facilities. Prawns started mating at 6–7 months, reached full ovarian maturation and spawned as early as about 8 (peaked at 9–11) months from hatching, producing high fecundity and viable larvae. There was a strong relationship (P < 0.001) between prawn size and fecundity. The results of this study suggest a potential for using pond‐reared broodstock P. merguiensis for hatchery production and for domestication or selective breeding programmes.     

大西洋海域大眼金枪鱼年龄与生长的初步研究

根据2001年6~10月在大西洋海域金枪鱼延绳钓渔业中采集的89 ind大眼金枪鱼样本,对其叉长、体重进行测定,并以脊椎骨作为年龄鉴定材料。结果表明,叉长组成为85~186 cm,体重组成为11.5~132.5kg,年龄为2~6龄。体重与叉长关系式为W=4.5026×10-5×FL2.8200。利用一般Von Bertalanffy生长方程来拟合,叉长和体重生长方程为:FL=257.90×(1-e-0.1960(t+3.7919))2.5933,Wt=284.28×[(1-e-0.1960(t+3.7919))2.5933]2.8200。叉长和体重的生长拐点分别为1.07龄和5.75龄。     

中国柞树主要害虫名录(Ⅲ)

记述了鳞翅目(Lepidoptera)灯蛾科(Arctiidae)和夜蛾科(Noctuidae)的柞树主要害虫75种,分别介绍了害虫的中文名称、学名、寄主种类及在我国的主要分布区域,为有效控制灯蛾类、夜蛾类柞树主要害虫的发生与危害提供相关的基础信息。     

冬枣锈病发生与叶龄及其解剖结构关系的研究

为探讨冬枣叶龄、叶片解剖结构与锈病侵染和发病程度的关系，对冬枣3种不同叶龄的叶片进行锈病接种试验，并对叶片组织解剖结构进行了测定。结果表明：3种叶龄叶片感病程度由低到高依次为：成熟叶< 长成叶<嫩叶，由此可见，成熟叶对锈病的抵抗力最强；3种叶龄叶解剖性状在角质层厚度、上表皮厚度、下表皮厚度、叶片厚度、栅栏组织厚度、海绵组织厚度、栅海比、叶片结构紧密度、叶片结构疏松度、气孔密度和气孔大小等指标有显著差异，但气孔开张结构性状差异不显著。文章筛选出了与冬枣锈病发生有关的叶片形态结构指标，为合理的控制冬枣锈病和筛选抗锈病冬枣优良单株的提供了理论依据。     

两种林龄中山杉(Taxodium hybrid 'Zhongshanshan')林地土壤质量评价

以江苏省靖江市牧城公园和东湖公园两种种植年限分别为5 a和9 a的中山杉(Taxodium hybrid'Zhongshanshan')人工林土壤和无林地为研究对象,对0~15 cm、15~30 cm和30~45 cm深度土层土壤理化性质、养分含量和微生物生物量进行了分析。典型相关分析表明,土壤微生物生物量的变化是一个复杂的过程,是土壤各因子共同作用的结果,3种土壤U、V值均表现出层次性,随着土壤深度的增加逐渐降低;不同取样点相同深度土层U、V值为9 a林5 a林对照;单相关分析表明,土壤微生物生物量与速效磷、速效钾、有机质和全氮呈极显著正相关(P0.01),因此土壤微生物可以作为评价中山杉人工林在促进林地土壤质量改善过程中的重要生物指标;主成分分析表明,综合得分最高的9 a林为2.993,其次是5 a林为0.748,作为对照的无林地则为-3.742,说明9 a林地土壤质量最高。可见,中山杉对林下土壤质量有显著提高作用。     

菜小脉蚜茧蜂发育速率与温度及寄主龄期关系研究

以桃蚜Myzus persicae为寄主,测定了菜小脉蚜茧蜂Diaeretiella rapae在不同温度及不同龄期寄主中的发育速率。算得该蜂的发育起点温度t=8.76±0.13℃,有效温积常数K=139.51±1.60日度。在不同龄期无翅蚜虫中平均发育速率有显著差异,依次为:三龄>四龄>二龄>成蚜>一龄,最快与最慢相差5%。进一步的分析表明,不同龄期对蜂发育适合性的这种差异是由于个体大小不一和内含物营养不同两方面综合导致的