大豆农艺性状及抗病毒性的双列杂交分析

本文应用4个有差异的抗病毒品种按不完全双列杂交配制6个组合,对10个性状的遗传进行了分析,结果表明均符合加性——显性模型。遺传阵列方差(Vr)和协方差(Wr)的估算表明,D82—198带有较多控制抗病等级、单株荚数、单株粒重和完全粒重的显性基因;merit含有控制完全粒率、褐斑粒率和百粒重的显性基因较多。并估算了诸性状的广义遗传力、狭义遗传力和平均显性程度等遗传参数,感病等级和褐斑粒率的广义遗传力分别为97.7％和83.1％。     

小麦品种赤霉病抗性的遗传研究

利用8个不同抗性小麦品种双列杂交的F1及其亲本,以赤霉病病粒率为抗性指标,研究了小麦赤霉病抗性的遗传。结果表明,参试品种间存在3～4对赤霉病抗性基因的差异,苏麦3号、宁麦9号和扬麦158具有较多控制赤霉病抗性遗传的显性基因,对于减少它们杂交后代的病粒率有较高的一般配合力。小麦赤霉病抗性符合加性-显性模型。赤霉     

籼型三系杂稻品质性状的配合力及遗传力分析

以3个不育系川香29A(A1)、珍汕97A(A2)、Ⅱ-32A(A3)和8个新恢复系为亲本,按不完全双列杂交模式分析11个品质性状的配合力及遗传力。结果表明:(1)大多数性状的一般配合力(gca)和特殊配合力(sca)达显著或极显著水平,即受基因加性效应和非加性效应的共同控制,且以加性效应占主导地位(2)精米率、垩白度、直链淀粉含量3个性状,恢复系对gca方差的贡献比不育系的大,而不育系在粒长、粒宽、长宽比、糙米率、整精米率、垩白率、胶稠度等性状上对gca方差的贡献比恢复系的大。糊化温度这两性状,恢复系和不育系对gca方差的贡献相近。(3)广义遗传力(h2B)降序排序为:粒长、长宽比、垩白率、粒宽、糊化温度、胶稠度、整精米率、糙米率、直链淀粉含量、精米率、垩白度,变幅在93.36%～38.13%之间;狭义遗传力(h2N)降序排序为:粒长、长宽比、垩白率、糙米率、糊化温度、整精米率、垩白度、胶稠度、精米率、直链淀粉含量,变幅在82.3%～17.32%之间。大部分性状的(h2N)与(h2B)的趋势是一致的。(4)gca效应值在同一性状不同亲本间和同一亲本不同性状间均存在显著的差异,亲本中A1、R8、R7较为理想。     

小麦蛋白质含量遗传规律及品质改良途径研究

研究了小麦籽粒蛋白质含量在F1及F2代中的表现情况。结果表明,控制蛋白质含量的基因作用以加性效应为主,同时存在非加性效应;F1代子粒蛋白质含量与双亲平均值高度相关,F2代中子粒蛋白质含量分离呈正态分布,且正态分布的峰值蛋白质含量也接近双亲平均值。蛋白质含量的一般配合力大于特殊配合力方差,在优质育种的亲本选配上,一般配合力更重要一些,应重视蛋白质高配合力亲本的鉴定应用,并计算了蛋白质含量的广义和狭义遗传力。同时对蛋白质数量改良途径进行了分析。     

BMY和婆罗门牛早期生长性状遗传力研究

本文采用云南省肉牛与牧草研究中心杂交选育的热带亚热带肉牛BMY和纯种婆罗门(Brahman,简称B)2000至2003年的资料,配合动物模型应用MTDFREML软件进行初生重和6月龄体重两个性状的遗传力估计,结果为BMY的初生重、6月龄体重、B的初生重,6月龄体重遗传力分别是:0.34、0.16、0.36、0.13。     

Inheritance of equine sarcoid disease in Franches-Montagnes horses

The mode of inheritance for susceptibility to equine sarcoid disease (ES) remains unknown. The objectives of this study were to analyse a large sample of the Franches-Montagnes (FM) horse population and investigate the heritability and mode of inheritance for susceptibility to ES. Horses were clinically examined for the presence of sarcoid tumours. A standardized examination protocol and client questionnaire were used and a pedigree- and subsequent segregation-analysis for the ES trait performed. To investigate the mode of inheritance, five models were evaluated and compared in a hierarchical way.The analyses reveal that variation in susceptibility to ES is best explained by a model incorporating polygenic variation. The possible effect of a major gene, such as specific equine leukocyte antigen alleles, is unlikely, but cannot be ruled-out entirely. The heritability of the phenotype on the observation scale for the trait ‘affected with ES’ was estimated to be 8%. A corrected value for the heritability on a liability scale was estimated at 21% and it is therefore possible to estimate breeding values for ES. The arguments against the practical implementation of an estimated breeding value in a multifactorial condition like ES are discussed.     

杉木种子园中无性系间结实和种子品质差异研究

在观察的31个无性系中丰产的约占20％,产量约占总产30％;中等的占60％弱,产量占54％;低产的占20％强,产量约占17％。结实的广义遗传力hw~2平均0.66。不同无性系在雌雄花比、雌花序结构、球果大小和分枝稠密度等方面存在差异。一般植株“偏雌性”、聚生雌花序占优势,球果大、树冠表面积大而分枝稠密的无性系结实量高;反之,“偏雄性”、单生雌花序为主、球果小、树冠表面积小而分枝稀疏的无性系结实量低。据72个无性系的分析,大粒种子无性系约占21％,中粒的约占47％,小粒的占32％;高发芽率无性系占23.6％,中发芽率的占57％,低发芽率的占19.4％。大粒种子无性系的发芽卒往往高于中、小粒种子无性系;而发芽势有相反趋势。     

Standard errors of heritabilities based on perennial observations,with application to Yorkshire Fog grass

Summary The variance of heritability ratios are considered for cases where data from perennial genotypes are collected serially over time. A random effect model for randomised complete blocks at a single location is examined. Estimation of the variance of estimates of heritability is presented for three types of heritability definition.Estimators are applied to two characters in a Yorkshire Fog grass germplasm collection evaluated for two years at one site. The precision of such heritability estimates is discussed. Estimators for the multiple sites model are available also, from the author.     

三交水稻的育种研究Ⅲ.三交中晚稻主要农艺性状的配合力和遗传力分析

用4个纯合不育系菲A、中9A、金23A和珍汕97A，4个杂合不育系菲A/协青早B、中9A/协青早B、金23A/协青早B和珍汕97A/协青早B，3个恢复系752、测64-7和优米2号，按8×3 NCⅡ交配设计对16个性状的配合力进行分析。结果表明，所有性状的一般配合力和特殊配合力均达到了显著或极显著水平。在播始历期、穗长、千粒重、结实率、有效穗