Genetic parameter estimates for body weight in local Venda chickens

Genetic parameters were estimated for Venda chicken body weights at hatching, and at 4 weeks, 10 weeks and 21 weeks of age. A single-trait animal model with restricted maximum-likelihood procedures was used. Random effects were additive direct and maternal genetic, common environmental and error. The heritability estimates for direct effects were 0.36, 0.25, 0.41 and 0.22 for hatch, 4 weeks, 10 weeks and 21 weeks, respectively. The maternal effects were estimated at hatch and 4 weeks of age and were not present at later ages. Common environmental effects disappeared with increasing age. There was an antagonistic relationship between direct and maternal effects. The results show potential for genetic improvement of indigenous Venda chickens through selection. Maternal effects should be considered if selection is carried out at early ages.     

A Method of Modelling Pig Breeding Schemes

Optimal use of limited resources as nucleus and testing capacity is important when organizing crossbreeding schemes in pigs. This paper introduces a method of modelling pig crossbreeding schemes consisting of nucleus, multiplier and commercial tiers. As an efficient alternative to the gene flow method (Hill, W.G. 1974. Anim. Prod. 18, 117-139), lag, original genetic level and annual genetic improvement for each line and cross are combined into one single evaluation criterion, the average discounted revenues of the breeding scheme. An optimum allocation of nucleus and testing capacity within breeding schemes, as well as an optimum solution between schemes can be found. As an example, the optimization of a four-way crossbreeding scheme is shown. the optimum allocation of nucleus capacity was 35% and 15% in each dam line and sire line, respectively. The corresponding figures for testing capacity were 23% and 27%.     

MyHC and MyLC isoforms in Akhal-Teke horses of different gender and genetic background

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between MyHC and MyLC isoforms and the pedigree of the horses from different genetic background and gender. 26 Purebred Akhal-Teke horses (8 stallions and 18 mares) were used in this study, the horses belonged to 7 different sire lines and 9 different dam families. A muscle biopsy of depth 60 mm from the left gluteus medius muscle was obtained. The present study found the highest heritability for MyLC 1_fast, MyLC 2_slow and MyHC I isoform proportions, while only the first was statistically significantly different from zero. The mares had higher proportion of MyHC IIx and MyLC 3_fast isoforms than the stallions. No statistically significant differences were found between sire lines and dam families. However, as the heritability of MyHC and MyLC in horses is found to be of moderate value, our study does not reject the hypothesis that it could be used as additional parameter in choosing the right animals for sport and breeding.     

龙榛几个主要数量性状的遗传力与遗传增益研究

遗传测定是经济林良种选育的重要环节之一,也是榛子育种中的核心工作之一。该文对选育出的龙榛5个品系,以平榛为对照样本,进行遗传力与遗传增益测评与分析。结果表明,龙榛5个品系在主要性状上都表现出较高的遗传力和遗传增益。龙榛5个品系都有较高的遗传力,其中单果重为0．96、树高为0．65、冠幅为0．88;遗传增益以龙榛1号为最优,龙榛5号和龙榛4号次之,龙榛2号和龙榛3号略低。     

Genetic and environmental factors affecting ultrasound measures of longissimus muscle area and backfat thickness in Nelore cattle

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the genetic and environmental factors affecting records of longissimus muscle area (LMA) and backfat thickness (BF) obtained between the 12th and 13th ribs, and rump fat thickness (RF) between the hook and pin bones, measured by real-time ultrasound in Nelore cattle. Also, weight records of 22,778 animals born from 1998 to 2003, in ten farms across six Brazilian states were used. Carcass traits as measured by ultrasound of the live animal were recorded from 2002 to 2004 in 2590 males and females with ages varying from 450 to 599 days. Fixed models including farm, year and season of birth, sex and type of feed effects, and the covariates age of dam (AOD) and age of animal at measurement were used to study the effect of environmental factors on these traits. The genetic parameters for LMA, BF and RF were estimated with two and three-trait animal models with 120-day weights using a restricted maximum likelihood method. All environmental effects significantly affected carcass traits, with the exception of year of birth for BF and RF and AOD for LMA. The heritability estimates for LMA, BF and RF were 0.35, 0.51 and 0.39, respectively. Standard errors obtained in one-trait analyses were from 0.07 to 0.09. Genetic correlation estimates between LMA and the two traits of subcutaneous fat were low (close to zero) and 0.74 between BF and RF, indicating that the selection for LMA should not cause antagonism in the genetic improvement of subcutaneous fat measured by real-time ultrasound.     

毕节高支苎麻主要农艺性状的遗传分析

对４份毕节高支苎麻的主要农艺性状进行遗传分析的结果表明：鲜皮出麻率和单纤维支数等农艺性状具有较大的遗传力,可在早代单蔸（株）选择或直接选择,产量、鲜皮厚、茎粗等性状的遗传力较低,应根据各性状同相关关系进行间接选择或推迟到晚期世代选择。遗传变幅较大的性状有鲜皮出麻率、株高、单蔸产量等,由于性状的改良效果主要由性状的遗传力和变异幅度及选择强度所决定,因此,在５％的选择强度下,遗传改良效果好的性状为株高     

加工番茄主要数量性状遗传相关的研究

以５个加工番茄品种加州６号、加州３号、加州６１３、４７８和２３为亲本,用Ｇｒｉｆｆｉｎｇ完全双杂交第一种方法设计,研究了加工番茄个数量性状的配合力、遗传效应及性状间的相关性。结果表明,这８个性状的一般配合力和特殊配合力方差均达到水平,其中单产量、可溶性固形物的特殊配合力方差大于一般配合方差,这２个性状的２主要受非加性效应控制,不能固定遗传、果实纵径、横径,果形指数,果肉厚,单株结果数,单果重等性状     

红松优树子代树高生长的遗传测定

对红松自然分布区内３个亚区、９个地点、１０８株优树子代１０年生树高测定的结果表明,亚区间和家系／地点／亚区间差异显著、极显著,北亚区在带岭生长表现最好;亚区、地点／亚区、家系／地点／亚区间遗传力分别为０８３６、０５３７、０３６５。     

低酚棉亲本纤维品质配合力与遗传力分析

根据双列杂交法研究低酚棉纤维品质的遗传表现.结果表明:陕9516、冀2031、石16为一般配合力较好的优良亲本,冀2031、陕D₂、陕9516具有较高的特殊配合力方差,极易组成优势组合.结合特殊配合力效应分析,较优组合为石16×陕9516、陕D₂×陕9516、陕D₂×中13和陕9702×冀2031、根据遗传力表现,纤维细度、成熟度、马克隆值早代选择效果较好,晚代选择以纤维强度、断裂长度和纤维长度为主.     

刺参(Apostichopus japonicus) 9月龄主要经济性状遗传力的估计

本研究基于全同胞组内相关法对9月龄刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)苗种体长、体重、肉刺总数3个性状的遗传力进行了评估.以前期收集、保存的刺参群体为亲本,选取了健康刺参29头,采用不平衡巢式设计方法及人工刺激采卵授精方法,按照1雌配2-5雄的原则,构建了6个母系半同胞家系及23个父系全同胞家系,至9月龄时,分别抽取每个家系30-50个后代测定相应个体的体长、体重及肉刺总数,应用数量遗传学分析和全同胞组内相关法估计刺参9月龄体长、体重和肉刺总数共3个生长性状的遗传力.结果显示,9月龄刺参体长雌性组分遗传力的估计值为0.87,雄性组分遗传力估计值为0.85,全同胞组分遗传力估计值为0.86;刺参体重雌性组分遗传力估计值为0.20,雄性组分遗传力估计值为0.73,全同胞组分遗传力估计值为0.46;肉刺总数雌性组分遗传力估计值为0.43,雄性组分遗传力估计值为0.32,全同胞组分遗传力估计值为0.37.t检验表明,体长、体重的雄性组分遗传力达到显著水平(P＜0.05),全同胞组分遗传力均达到极显著水平(P＜0.01),肉刺总数的遗传力均未达到显著水平.