茶花鸡主要数量性状的遗传分析

 本文按不同世代和不同性别分别估计茶花鸡主要数量性状的表型、遗传参数。结果表明,90日龄体重0至2代公鸡分别为539.40g,604.63g,609.50g;母鸡分别是598.20g,602.58g,606.40g.同0代相比,开产日龄提早7.07天,开产蛋重增加4.91g,300,500日龄产蛋量增加4.57和11.41个。本文着重估计3月龄体重遗传力,公鸡1代为0.34,2代为0.298,母鸡则是0.344和0.331;同代不同年度、不同性别合并估计为0.401和0.512,3月龄体重与开产日龄等21对性状间的遗传、表型相关在数值上存在一定的差异。     

考摩(Cormo)型细毛羊性状遗传力估测及性状间相关分析

本文通过对考摩型细毛羊一些数量性状遗传力估测及性状间相关分析,初步揭示性状的遗传规律,对今后制定选种方法、修正性状的选择指数、预测选育进展,加快育种速度,都有一定的现实意义.     

宁乡猪的毛色遗传及其与生产性状的相关

根据宁乡猪选育及专题调查资料研究表明,宁乡猪都有黑斑,这是由主基因所决定,而构成不同毛色类别的黑斑多少及着生部位,表现为多基因遗传,经子亲回归法估测,宁乡猪毛色的遗传力为0.3648(P<0.01).宁乡猪的银颈圈性状不同于汉普夏猪的白肩带,是黑、白斑分布系列中的一种类型。不同毛色类别的宁乡猪在后备猪生长发育、母猪体型及繁殖性状、肥猪的肥育和胴体性状方面没有明显不同,毛色类别与生产性状间的相关均不显著。因此,毛色只是品种特征和遗传稳定性的标志,与生产性能并无直接关系。     

日本落叶松幼一成龄相关选择模型及早期选择策略

利用日本落叶松半同胞子代测定林的材料，以线性函数式、对数函数式及二次抛物线函数式拟合遗传力平方根比率和幼一成龄遗传相关系数随相对年龄变化的趋势，以年遗传增益作为评价指标，构建最大年遗传增益模型。根据轮伐年龄及估算的最佳早期选择年龄和早期选择效率，确定了日本落叶松逐步选择的早期选择策略。对于轮伐龄材积的选择，以树高作为早期选择指标较为适宜，若轮伐龄为２０ａ，可采取一次选择，分别在２年生及７～８年生时进行；若轮伐龄定为４０ａ，则采取３次选择，分别在３、１２和１５～１６年生时进行。     

不同类型杂交早稻农艺性状的遗传分析

采用6个杂交稻三系不育系和10个杂交早稻父本品种,通过不完全双列杂交配置了60个杂交早稻组合。分析了在相同栽培环境条件下三系杂交早稻亲本及其所配置的杂交早稻组合的12个农艺性状的遗传规律。结果表明:12个农艺性状的遗传以加性效应为主,各性状的狭义遗传力大小顺序依次为千粒重>株高>穗长>穗实粒数>结实率>穗总粒数>生育期>理论产量>实际产量>有效穗>成穗率>最高苗;除穗长外,其余性状受父本的影响较大;理论产量与结实率、穗实粒数、株高、成穗率及有效穗呈正相关,可通过这几个性状对产量进行间接选择;穗实粒数是杂交早稻选择指数中最重要的选择性状。     

黄瓜早熟育种中数量性状间相关及遗传分析

选用差异较大的黄瓜纯系,研究了14个农艺性状和生理生化性状之间的相互关系。2年的试验表明:早期产量同各农艺性状问表型相关、遗传相关、环境相关的方向、大小不尽一致;第1雌花节位、座果率、营养生长期同其它农艺性状间遗传关系最为密切,乙烯释放量是对其它性状间接选择的重要生化指标;不同性状的遗传变异系数、遗传力、相对遗传进度差异极大;乙烯释放量、单株雌花数、雌花节率、座果数、叶面积指数等是黄瓜早熟育种中较理想的副性状。     

甘蓝型细胞质雄性不育杂交油菜亲本配合力与遗传力效应研究

选用甘蓝型油菜5个细胞质雄性不育系和5个优势恢复系,采用不完全双列杂交,配制25个杂交组合,对25个组合的10个主要数量性状进行了配合力和遗传力分析,结果表明,双亲的一般配合力效应依次对杂交F1代的一次有效分枝数、产量、株高、单株有效角果数和千粒重有明显影响;特殊配合力效应对二次有效分枝数、单株有效角果数和产量的表现有较大影响;5个不育系中A1的一般配合力效应值最高;5个恢复系中R4一般配合力效应值最高;产量特殊配合力好的组合是A5不育系×R1、A4不育系×R4.遗传力分析表明,产量、一次有效分枝数、单株有效角果数、株高和千粒重等的遗传力较高.     

The genetic variability,inheritance and inter-relationships of ascorbic acid, β-carotene,phenol and anthocyanin content in strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.)

Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) is rich source of dietary antioxidants, minerals and nutrients. Dietary antioxidants have been known as beneficial for enhancing the fitness, preventing certain diseases and even mitigating the effects of ageing. The objectives of the present study were to determine variability and inheritance of antioxidants, to identify antioxidant rich and productive genotypes, and to suggest suitable breeding approaches. The genotypes, namely Ofra, Chandler, Festival and Camarosa showed higher concentrations of dietary antioxidants and therefore could be useful in future breeding. Results indicate that the effect of the genotypes on antioxidant contents is stronger than that of the environment. The high heritability (>80%) and low genetic advance as percentage of mean (<40%) for ascorbic acid and β-carotene contents could be improved by heterosis breeding. However, selection and hybridization would be effective tools to enhance the phenols and anthocyanin content, and yield potential as these traits showed high heritability (>80%) and high genetic advance as percentage of mean (>40%). Positive direct effect on fruit yield was highest for phenol content (0.609) which is also fairly close to its correlation coefficient (0.765) indicating that a direct selection based on phenol content would be most effective and that the phenol content could be used as a reliable biochemical marker to identify the productive genotypes having higher amounts of dietary antioxidants. The information could also be used for developing antioxidant rich cultivars, i.e. ‘Breeding Strawberry for High Antioxidants’.     

结球甘蓝抗寒性配合力分析及优良抗寒组合选育

通过自交分离和抗寒性鉴定,选育出经济性状优良的结球甘蓝抗寒自交系逾30份,以其中6份抗寒性有一定差异的自交系为试材,按照Griffing双列杂交方法Ⅳ进行甘蓝抗寒性配合力及遗传力分析。结果表明：甘蓝抗寒性遗传符合加性-显性模型,以加性效应为主,随着寒害程度的增加其加性效应所占比重增加|一般配合力方差在总遗传方差中所占比重较大,一般配合力/特殊配合力的均方比大于7,且差异达极显著水平,因此在甘蓝抗寒育种中应重视早期世代的选择。结合配合力测定结果及田间经济性状调查结果,初步明确两个优良抗寒越冬甘蓝新组合。     

Effects of diseases on reproductive performance in Swedish Red and White dairy cattle

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of diseases on days open (DO), days to first breeding (DFB) and days from first breeding to conception (DFBC) using survival analysis models, and to assess the significance of the sire component and its possible confounding effect. The data consisted of a random sample of 20% of all herds enrolled in Swedish recording system and using 100% artificial insemination with at least 15 Swedish Red and White cows calving in 1991. The follow-up period was from 45 to 145 d after calving. After editing, the data sets had 23,927, 28,197, and 22,089 cows for days open, days to first breeding, and days from first breeding to conception, respectively. The Cox models included parity, calving season, cow milk production and age at first calving as fixed effects, and herd and sire as random effects. Ten disease groups were considered as possible risk factors for the reproductive traits. Disease groups were treated differently if they occurred before or after 45 d postpartum. Diseases occurring in the first 45 d after calving were treated as time-independent covariates and diseases occurring after day 45 were treated as time-dependent covariates for days open and days to first breeding. The percentages of censored cows were 35% for days open, 19% for days to first breeding, and 33% for days from first breeding to conception. Days open increased in cows with dystocia, stillbirth, retained placenta, metritis, or other diseases occurring in the first 45 d after calving, and in cows with metritis, mastitis, or other diseases occurring after 45 d. Days to first breeding increased in cows with stillbirth, retained placenta, milk fever, mastitis, foot and leg problems, or other diseases occurring before day 45, and in cows with metritis, mastitis, foot and leg problems, or other diseases occurring after 45 d. Days to first breeding decreased in cows treated for ovulatory dysfunctions either before or after 45 d. Days from first breeding to conception increased in cows with dystocia, stillbirth, retained placenta, metritis, or ovulatory dysfunctions occurring before first breeding, and in cows with mastitis occurring after first breeding. Although the additive genetic components were significant for all traits considered, the sires did not act as confounders because only a small amount of variability for the traits considered in this study was explained by the sires, with estimated heritabilities of 2% on the logarithmic scale and from 3 to 4% on the real scale.