Genetic and environmental variances of body size and morphological traits in communally reared clonal lines from gynogenetic diploid ayu, Plecoglossus altivelis

Four clonal lines of ayu, Plecoglossus altivelis, were produced from mitotic-gynogenetic diploids, mixed before hatching and reared communally. After 9 months, the clonal fish were sacrificed for measurement of body size, morphometric relationships, and meristic counts. DNA fingerprinting was used to confirm the clonal nature of the fish and to identify the clonal line of origin for each fish.

Significant differences were observed among clonal lines for almost all body size, morphometric and meristic measures. Such differences are suggested to represent genotypic difference among clonal lines given the common environmental conditions provided to all the experimental groups, assuming that the genotype-environment interaction was negligible.

By applying the human twin model, genetic and environmental variances in the clonal population was estimated after the clonal lines were separated by DNA fingerprinting. Heritability estimates for data collected at 9 months were relatively high for body size and varied from low to high in meristic and morphometric traits. These results suggest the possible usage of clonal lines as a control fish for estimation of heritability of traits important to aquaculture.     

陕西关中小麦全麦粉SDS沉淀值与膨胀体积的遗传研究

为了给小麦品质育种早代选择指标的确定提供理论依据．选用5个品质性状不同的陕西关中小麦品种及其双列杂交的F1为材料，分析了全麦粉SDS沉淀值和膨胀体积的遗传特性。全麦粉SDS沉淀值和膨胀体积的平均值分别为67．66ml和6．09ml／g．其中沉淀值变异幅度较大，变异系数较高．而膨胀体积变异幅度较小，变异系数较低。SDS沉淀值的广义遗传力和狭义遗传力分别为98、42％和97．06％；膨胀体积的广义遗传力和狭义遗传力分别为54．75％和10．82％。对陕西关中小麦品质育种配制的组合而言，全麦粉SDS沉淀值可作为小麦育种分离早代蛋白质品质选择的指标，而全麦粉膨胀体积最好在育种高代进行选择。     

甜菜某些数量性状遗传变异规律研究

用１２个甜菜品系（种）估算了５个数量性状的变异度、遗传力、相关系数、遗传进度及相关遗传进度，结果表明：褐斑病发病级数的遗传力最大，其次为根产量；相对遗传进度以根产量为最大，其次为褐斑病发病级数；根形率与褐斑病发病级数的遗传相关系数达０．０１显著水准，与根产量的遣传相关系数达０．０５显著水准，褐斑病发病级数与根产量间的遗体相关系数亦达到极显著水准；根产量对褐斑病发病级数的相关遗传进度最大。其次为根形率；各性状对根产量的相关遗传进度以褐斑病发病级数为最高，根形率次之。     

大豆籽粒异黄酮含量的遗传效应分析

以朱军提出的混合模型方法,采用亲本、F1、F2 3个世代,分析大豆异黄酮含量的胚效应、细胞质效应和 母体效应。结果表明,大豆种子中异黄酮含量同时受到胚遗传效应和母体遗传效应的控制,并且母体效应的作用 要高于胚遗传效应。胚显性方差、母体加性方差和母体显性方差均达到显著水平。在胚和母体两套遗传体系中, 加性效应方差占总遗传方差的18. 8% ,胚显性方差与母体显性方差之和占总遗传方差的81. 2%。胚广义遗传率为 17. 3% ,母体效应的广义遗传率为33. 6%。异黄酮含量与株高和单株产量的正向基因型协方差、异黄酮含量与单 株节数的负向基因型协方差达到显著水平。异黄酮含量与株高和单株产量间主要以母体显性协方差为主,异黄酮 含量与单株节数间主要以胚加性协方差为主。     

甜菜品系及其集团经济性状遗传变异特征研究

对三个经济性状显著不同的甜菜品系根据个体表现型所划分的集团子代,随机区组试验结果表明:品系间和集团间的根重及含糖差异均显著;在集团间,根重以优良集团子代最高,含糖以普通集团子代最高,二者与低劣集团子代的差异均达极显著水平;与品系比,集团的经济性状,特别是含糖率的遗传力大幅度下降,致使划分响应值很低,其性状特征不能稳定地传给后代.     

Genetic analysis of clinical findings at health examinations of young Swedish warmblood riding horses

Background

Soundness is important for welfare and utility of the riding horse. Musculoskeletal disorders are the most common causes of interruption in training and of culling. Despite great importance, heritability of a majority of health traits in horses has previously not been estimated. The objective was to perform genetic analyses of medical and orthopaedic health traits in young riding horses, including estimates of heritability and genetic correlations between health traits, and to reveal possibilities for genetic evaluation of stallions for progeny health.

Results

The heritability of health traits was estimated using records from 8,238 Swedish warmblood riding horses examined as 4–5 year olds at the Riding Horse Quality Test in 1983–2005. The analyses were performed using multi-trait linear mixed animal models. The heritabilities of palpatory orthopaedic health (PALP), including effusion, swelling, heat, soreness and stiffness/atrophy, and hoof examination results (HOOF), of hoof shape and hoof wall quality, were 0.12 and 0.10, respectively. The genetic variation in these traits resulted in distinct health differences between progeny groups of stallions. The highest heritability among clinical signs of PALP was found for synovial effusions at 0.14. For systemic locations, joint related findings had the highest heritability; 0.13. The heritabilities of medical health and locomotion examination results were low, 0.02 and 0.04, respectively. A genetic improvement of health status has occurred over time but accounts only partly for the decrease in clinical findings of health during the studied period.

Conclusions

The genetic variation found in PALP and HOOF implies distinct differences between progeny groups. Thus, there are possibilities for improvement of these traits in the population through selection. The weak and non-significant correlation between PALP and HOOF suggests that both traits need to be selected for in practical breeding to improve both traits. Some genetic improvements over time have already been achieved, possibly due to regular stallion health inspections and an indirect selection for lifetime performance. For further improvements stallion breeding values for health may be introduced, based on RHQT examinations, complementary to present breeding values for performance.     

蓝靛果忍冬生态耦合性分析与遗传效应评价

蓝靛果忍冬为喜冷凉湿润性气候的多年生野生浆果类灌木,营养和药用价值较高。该文通过对高寒地区的光、热、水、土资源与蓝靛果忍冬生态耦合性进行研究,综合分析数量性状的生态效应和亲本的遗传效应,结果发现生境类型不同,果实性状存在一定变异,纵径变异较小,横径变异较大,种粒数量变异最大,平均变异系数分别为9．38％、11．92％和20．64％;果实性状的遗传力和遗传增益中等,遗传分化较小,3个性状的遗传力分别为0．825、0．559和0．627,遗传增益分别为7．53％、5．72％和11．94％,经济效益明显。     

Seed Weight of Nodulating and Non-nodulating Soybeans at Different Nitrogen Levels and Years

Abstract

Seed weight (weight per seed) is an important trait in soybean [Glycine max (L) Merr.] that affects its production, processing, marketing and consumer preferences. To determine the effects of nitrogen fertilizers and climatic conditions on seed weight, a five-year field experiment was conducted by growing four nodulating cultivars and 13 non-nodulating lines at 4 levels of nitrogen fertilizer (0, 2, 10 and 20 g m^–2). The variation in seed weight due to the difference in the fertilizer level and climatic condition of the year was greater in non-nodulating lines than in nodulating cultivars. This resulted in a lower heritability estimate in non-nodulating lines (0.49) than in the nodulating cultivars (0.85). Nitrogen fertilizer increased the seed weights of non-nodulating lines but did not affect the seed weights of the nodulating cultivars. The high response of the non-nodulating lines to nitrogen fertilizer may be attributed to their strong dependence on fertilizer and soil nitrogen due to their lack of ability to fix nitrogen in symbiosis. The small seeds produced during the years with low temperatures and early onset of frost may have been caused by the slow seed growth rate and short seed filling duration.     

优质大豆品种与抗除草剂转基因大豆品种杂种后代的遗传分析

通过利用4个普通优质大豆品种与3个抗除草剂转基因大豆品种进行组配,采用4×3 NCIⅠ遗传交配设计,对产量、品质等性状的遗传力和配合力进行分析.结果表明:抗除草剂Bar基因能在F<,1>代得到显性遗传,抗除草剂转基因大豆各性状以加性遗传效应为主,农大35306单株荚数和单株粒数一般配合力效应值最高,农大15751×TS...     

番茄核雄性不育系大107果实硬度杂种优势及遗传效应的研究

以温敏型核雄性不育系大107为母本,以6个优良自交系(东圣3号、牛番茄、美丽莎、1439、12、A3)为父本进行杂交,配制成6个番茄杂交组合,分析果实硬度的杂种优势及遗传效应。结果表明:6个杂交组合中,果实硬度表现为负向杂种优势;果实硬度性状一般配合力与特殊配合力分别为58.56%和41.44%;广义遗传力和狭义遗传力分别为52.76%和50.31%;果实硬度的同亲相关系数为0.8479,达到显著水平;可作为生产优良果实硬度的杂种一代的亲本有大107、东圣3号、美丽莎、牛番茄;果实硬度以大107×牛番茄为最高。