王朗自然保护区岷江冷杉(Abies faxoniana)树干解析研究

采集王朗自然保护区内一株树龄为293a生岷江冷杉,按照树干解析的步骤,截取圆盘获得数据,研究结果表明:在整个生长期内,岷江冷杉的总生长量始终保持较快的增长,平均生长量较平稳,但是连年生长量表现出参差不齐的状况;胸径连年生长量几乎全部高于树高连年生长量,说明岷江冷杉的胸径的生长快于树高的生长,生长过程中以树干的增粗为主;材积生长量还未出现峰值,平均生长量和连年生长量还没有相交,还未达到数量成熟龄。说明岷江冷杉生长状况良好,其环境适合其生长。     

Experimental Analysis on Bending Capacity of Unbonded Prestressed Concrete Beams with HRBF500 Steel Bars

The bending capacity tests on ten simple supported beams were conducted to investigate the damage characteristics, prestress increment, beading capacity and displacement ductility of unbounded prestressed concrete beams with HRBF500 steel bars. The results show that the HRBF500 steel bars has yielded before the limit state. The concrete in compression zone crushes upon the broken of the beams, which shows a sudden damage mode. The measured ultimate stress increments of unbounded tendons are in linear relationship with the comprehensive reinforcement ratio index, while the values of the ultimate stress increments are obviously higher than those values specified in the code GB50010-2010, and the average ratio of predicted values to testing values is about 0.35. The mid span deflection upon yielding of the beams is large, while the displacement ductility is bad and the average value of the displacement ductility ratio is 1.67. The displacement ductility ratio decreases with the increases of the comprehensive reinforcement ratio index. Based on the experimental results, the proposed calculation formula of ultimate stress increments of unbounded tendons was established, and it is in good agreement with the experimental results when the testing value is less than 450 MPa.     

树木胸径对深圳地区高尔夫球场植物景观评价的影响

采用层次分析法建立了高尔夫球场园林植物景观的评价系统。结果表明:深圳地区高尔夫球场植物群落树木的平均胸径与植物景观之间存在函数关系A=aD2+bD+c。当植物群落的平均胸径大约为22cm时,其景观的评价值最高,为91分。     

Low- to moderate-severity historical fires promoted high tree growth in a boreal Scots pine forest of Norway

Abstract

Fire is the most important ecological factor governing boreal forest stand dynamics. In low- to moderate-severity fires, the post-fire growth of the surviving trees varies according to fire frequency, intensity and site factors. Little is known about the growth responses of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) following fires in boreal forests. We quantified changes in tree growth in the years following 61 historical forest fires (between 1210 and 1866) in tree-ring series collected from fire-scarred Scots pine trees, snags and stumps in Trillemarka nature reserve in south-central Norway. Basal area increment 10 years pre-, 5 years post-, and 11–20 years post-fire were calculated for 439 fire scars in 225 wood samples. We found a slight temporary growth reduction 5 years post-fire followed by a marked growth increase 11–20 years post-fire. Beyond 20 years post-fire, the long-term tree growth declined steadily up to approximately 120 years. Our results indicate that recurring fires maintained high tree growth in remnant Scots pines, most probably due to a reduction in tree density and thus decreased competition.     

昆嵛山腮扁叶蜂取食对赤松生长的影响

依托昆嵛山森林生态定位观察站40块永久性样地,以昆嵛山腮扁叶蜂虫口密度代表为害程度,比较不同样地赤松2006—2008年的平均胸径生长量的差异,并比较了赤松枝条受到连年连续取食或分年度取食后的生长差异,从中评判昆嵛山腮扁叶蜂为害对赤松林分的局部与整体的影响。结果表明:遭受连年取食和分年度取食后的赤松,当年生枝条长度差异显著;同时,生长率差异也显著。根据赤松枝条在3 a受到的为害情况看,赤松枝条当年的生长不受当年昆嵛山腮扁叶蜂取食的影响,但受前一年取食影响:即当前一年虫口密度较大时,赤松当年生枝条的生长受到一定的抑制,反之则影响不大。腮扁叶蜂连续在前年和去年为害2年,会严重降低赤松当年生枝条生长量。通过比较2006年至2008年37块样地赤松胸径的增长量,赤松胸径在不同虫口密度为害下,增长量没有显著差异。这说明昆嵛山腮扁叶蜂为害对树木生长的影响是局部而非整体,在短期内仅从赤松枝条的生长上难以评判其对林分生长的影响。     

濒危植物翠柏个体生长特性研究

濒危植物翠柏为柏科高大珍贵用材树种,通过对翠柏主要分布区墨江、昌宁翠柏植株树干解析,研究了两地翠柏的生长特性,结果表明:(1)翠柏在20年前生长缓慢,20—60年进入快速生长期,70年以后达到数量成熟,材积生长量开始下降并趋于稳定;(2)翠柏幼苗期具有耐荫性和长大后有喜光特性,墨江地区翠柏生长好于昌宁地区,其生长表现与两地自然条件相符合;(3)针对翠柏特点,提出幼苗时搭建荫棚,幼树时期进行疏伐,数量成熟时期进行间伐或疏伐等促进生长经营措施,为翠柏资源培育与保护奠定基础。     

福建柏混交林生态效益研究

通过对30年生福建柏马尾松混交林、福建柏火力楠混交林与福建柏纯林生长量、林下植被多样性和土壤理化性质的比较分析,进行福建柏不同林分类型生态效益研究。结果表明:福建柏马尾松混交林和福建柏火力楠混交林中福建柏与福建柏纯林相比,树高、胸径和单株材积分别提高了14.6%、13.9%、46.9%和19.2%、11.1%、45.9%,林分总蓄积量增加了70.4%和57.9%,而且生长量和蓄积量的差异达到显著和极显著水平。混交林和纯林植物多样性指数接近。混交林土壤比纯林土壤疏松透气,持水性强,肥力高。     

秦岭华山松红桦混交林与纯林生长调查

通过研究,17a生华山松混交林,树高、胸径和材积的总生长量均比同期纯林要大,树高、胸径的连年生长量下降趋势比纯林慢,材积连年生长量上升比纯林快.8a生华山松仅树高定期生长量比纯林大,胸径与材积定期生长量不及纯林.混交林的叶量、叶面积及单位重量的叶绿素含量均比纯林高.华山松营养根呈簇状疏散分布,无明显主根,根系分布浅而细根密集,根系总长度比纯林大20％以上,种间根系无互相排斥现象.     

配方施肥对泡桐林生长及土壤质量的影响

以3年生泡桐林为研究对象,探讨不同施肥配方对泡桐林生长及土壤质量的影响。结果表明：配方Ⅲ（每株试验木施肥量：0．3kg尿素＋0．18kg纯N＋0．5kg钙镁磷＋0．07kg纯P＋0．25kg氯化钾＋0．19kg纯K）为最佳施肥配方。经过配方Ⅲ处理过的泡桐林地,土壤有机质和速效氮、磷、钾含量均显著提高;根际土壤微生物数量明显增多;泡桐林的生长量也得到较大的增长。     

基于Shapley值法的草莓产业链利润分配机制研究

为了促进农业产业链稳定健康发展,利用实际调研数据,以草莓产业链为研究对象,分析相关主体的成本构成、价值增值比例和利润分配,并利用Shapley值法,根据各相关参与主体贡献的多少去计算草莓产业链的利润分配方案。研究表明,在草莓产业链中,农户的增值比例最高,销售环节次之,中间商环节增值比例最低。草莓产业链最终利润分配方案为：种植户、批发商及零售商分别获得全部收益的64.77% 、7.84% 、27.39% 。完善政策为：完善组织形式,提高对农户的技术支持服务力度;加强对草莓产业链的各个环节有效管理,提高相关资源配置的利用效率;建立草莓收购目标价格制度;完善利益分配机制。