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41.
杨凌城市生活垃圾中重金属元素的污染特性分析 总被引：9，自引：3，他引：9
采用异地取样和理化分析的方法对杨凌城区生活垃圾中重金属元素的含量、浸出毒性进行了测定。通过污染负荷评价得到主要污染元素,并在调查的基础上对重金属来源进行了分析,提出了重金属污染的防治对策。结果表明,垃圾中塑料含量以学生生活区最高,高达41.47%;可腐有机物含量西农学生生活区最高,达到32%～46%,化安生活区最低,只有5.076%;筛下混合物西农学生生活区较低,在20%左右,其他各采样点在37.91%～69.30%。同一采样点的不同重金属元素的含量,表现为Zn的含量最高,变化范围为76.63～704mg·kg-1,其次是Cu和Cr,变化范围分别是7.26～226.7mg·kg-1和13.24～90.21mg·kg-1,As的含量最低,变化范围在0.49～18.52mg·kg-1。生活垃圾因产生主体不同而使污染元素的可浸出态含量差别较大,但不具有浸出毒性危险。杨凌城市生活垃圾中As的污染负荷远远高于Zn和Cu。 相似文献
42.
多元羧酸类化合物对木材大压缩量变形的固定作用 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
以多元羧酸类化合物为酯化剂、以无机盐类为催化剂的交联体系是一类新型的水溶性、无毒害、无污染、木材交联反应未采用过的非甲醛系试剂交联体系。本文研究了这类非甲醛系试剂对木材大压缩量变形的固定作用,结果表明浓度９％的１,２,３,４丁烷基四羧酸处理大青杨试件,干状态的变形恢复率较低,沸水中变形恢复率接近于２７０１％。用１,２,３,４丁烷基四羧酸交联处理木材可以固定压缩变形,适宜的树脂浓度为９％。材色由偏红向偏黄方向转变。 相似文献
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重金属对环境的严重威胁正逐渐成为全球性问题,水环境重金属污染问题已十分普遍,国内外已制定了许多相关的法律法规、评价标准和评价方法.水环境重金属污染的评价主要包括水质直接评价和沉积物评价.根据开远市2012 ～ 2014年连续3年的监测资料,采用直接评价法,对开远市地表水中生物毒性显著的重金属汞、镉、铅、铬以及类金属砷污染现状进行评价,分析了主要污染物变化趋势及产生污染的原因,提出了防治建议. 相似文献
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[目的]设计和推广固原市中雨、大雨、暴雨相似预报系统。[方法]采用C#.Net2005作为开发平台,基于MSSQLSERVER2005数据库系统,统计固原市自1960年以来逐年5～9月出现中雨、大雨、暴雨过程的高空环流形势,以500 hPa为主,700 hPa和地面形势为辅,分别计算500、700 hPa的相似离度,按照历史上出现过的最相似个例来类推预测今后将要出现的天气过程和天气现象。[结果]该系统设置非常人性化和模板化,系统设置仅需要一次设置即可,除非需要更改设置,系统运行一般不需要更改参数,系统会自动读入设好的参数,方便业务人员使用,同时也解决大量数据在一个字段存贮的难题。系统在设计的过程中考虑了推广应用问题,设计上具有通用性和可移植性。[结论]该系统弥补数值预报产品漏报中雨、大雨、暴雨的可能性。 相似文献
48.
Three different commercial fish species Odontesthes bonariensis, Rhamdia quelen and Oreochromis niloticus and fish feed were collected from four aquaculture farms. Heavy metal (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn) and arsenic concentration were determined by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectrometry (ICP‐OES) in muscle, liver, gonad, skin, scale and fat from fish and in feed diets. Arsenic concentration was found in different tissues differing between species and within O. bonariensis. Cd was differentially accumulated in liver in O. bonariensis and R. quelen; however, in O. niloticus Cd was found in muscle and scales. Higher concentrations of Cr were determined in skin and scales of O. bonariensis and O. niloticus. Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn were found in all tissues being Cu and Fe concentrations higher in liver. Mn was differentially accumulated in O. bonariensis scales, however in R. quelen no significant differences were found and in O. niloticus liver was the main accumulation tissue. Zn concentration was higher in gonad, skin and liver from R. quelen and O. bonariensis, and in O. niloticus the highest concentration was found in scales. All the results were below the international limits for food safety except for the concentration of Cd in muscle and scales of O. niloticus. 相似文献
49.
[目的]利用AAS法考察臭灵丹对4种重金属Pb、Cu、Zn及Ni的富集作用。[方法]采用火焰原子吸收法,检测了臭灵丹对重金属Pb、Cu、Zn及Ni的富集含量,并研究了臭灵丹对这4种重金属的富集特性。[结果]臭灵丹对不同重金属的富集系数和转运系数不同,同一植株的不同部位对同一金属的富集系数也不相同。臭灵丹叶对Pb的富集系数及臭灵丹茎对Ni的富集系数1,臭灵丹对Pb、Cu、Zn及Ni的转运系数均1。[结论]臭灵丹具有开发为Pb、Ni污染的植物修复的主体植物的潜质。 相似文献
50.
Soils in urban areas are often artificially formed and preserved as cultural layers in which soil materials are mixed with artifacts. The vertical change of soil properties denotes the historical change of human activities, and therefore, urban soil can be considered as a record of history of urban development. We studied a deep profile of urban soil (600 cm) in Nanjing, China, by intensively sampling at every 5 cm. Soil samples were analyzed for lead content. Charcoal from several layers was found and was dated using 14C to recognize archaeological cultural layers that might be formed in different Chinese dynasties. Pb isotope ratios were determined by thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS) technology. The study found that artificial deposition, i.e., the formation of cultural layer started about 1700 years ago and lasted until recently. All cultural layers above the original loess were heavily contaminated by Pb with total content varying from 100 mg kg− 1 to more than 2000 mg kg− 1. There were several historical periods in which Pb content peaked, indicating significant contamination by human activities, such as ancient ore smelting for various purposes and use of Pb-containing materials for handicraft manufacture. Various Pb isotope ratios of the cultural layers differed substantially from that of the original undisturbed loess in the deepest position. 206Pb/207Pb value decreased gradually from the bottom layer to top layer, although with occasional exceptions, indicating a long-lasting mixing of extraneous sources of Pb during the entire history since ca. 300 A.D. In comparison with the isotope ratios of lead ores of different sources and that of aerosols, it was illustrated that the source of Pb in cultural layers might come from lead ores of southern China in the earlier dynasties, while Pb from north China might have contributed to the Pb source in the more recent years, suggested by the lowering of 206Pb/207Pb ratio in the near-surface cultural layers. However, the impact of petrol burning on cultural layers was basically excluded, considering the relatively short history of petroleum use in this area. 相似文献